【创新设计】（山东专用）高考英语一轮复习 高频语法训练 附录2 名词和数词.doc

二、名词和数词1believe it or not，last month in america i came across the girl whose photo was in the drift bottle i got three years ago.really？thats the most surprising _ive ever heard of!aidentification bcoincidencecviewpoint dprocedure答案bidentification意为“身份证明，识别，鉴定”；coincidence意为“巧合，巧事”；viewpoint意为“观点，看法”；procedure意为“程序，步骤”。根据语境可知这是一件最令人惊讶的“巧合的事”。2the rising house price and the high income tax rate have become the biggest _ of people in china today.aconcern binventioncdelight dchoice答案aconcern意为“关心的事”；invention意为“发明”；delight意为“高兴的事”；choice意为“选择。根据句意判断应选a。3his story of the accident does not make any _.he is telling a lie.adifference bexcusecsense dpoint答案c根据后一句“他在撒谎”可知他讲述的故事没有意义。make no sense表示“没有意义，讲不通”。make no difference表示“没有作用，没有影响，都一样”，不合语意。4after a twohour discussion，they came up with a new _ to the study of physics.ameans bwaycapproach dmethod答案c四个选项在表示“方式，方法，手段”时只有approach后面搭配介词to。5there are more _ teachers than _ teachers in our school.aman；woman bwoman；mencman；women dmen；women答案d考查名词作定语。名词作定语时一般用单数，但man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，也应用复数形式men和women。6youll find this map of great _ in helping you to get round london.aprice bcost cvalue dusefulness答案c句意：你会发现这张地图在帮助你游览伦敦时很有价值。考查“be of抽象名词”的结构。price“价格”；cost“价钱，成本”，不符合题意，value常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为“有用，有价值”，故选c。7do you know the _ of the saying i just quoted?asource bresourceccourse dcause答案a句意：你知道我刚才引用的那句谚语的出处吗？source“来源”；resource“资源”；course“进程，过程”；cause“原因”。8the shop at the street corner sells _ clothing.achilds and womans bchildren and womenscchildrens and women dchildrens and womens答案d句意：商店出售儿童服装和妇女服装。不是两者共有之物，故选d。9the strenuous competition was going on in an exciting _ and won favorable applause at times.aatmosphere bstatecpattern dstyle答案a句意：比赛气氛紧张热烈，不时获得阵阵掌声。atmosphere“气氛”；state“州，声明，规定”；pattern“图案，式样”；style“风格，时尚”。10the present financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult _.aoccasion bcasecbackground dsituation答案d句意：目前的经济危机使世界的经济陷入困境。考查名词词义辨析。occasion“时机，场合”；case“情况”；background“背景”；situation“处境，位置”。根据句意选d。11before the traffic _ turns to green light，dont cross the street.amark bsign csignal dremark答案c句意：交通信号灯变绿后再穿过大街。考查名词词义辨析。此处signal意为“信号”。12your grandfather is always full of _.whats the secret?playing taiji every morning.ataste benergycrelief dcredit答案b句意：你爷爷总是精力充沛，秘诀是什么？每天早上打太极。考查名词词义辨析。taste“味道，鉴赏力”；energy“精力，活力”；relief“减轻，救济”；credit“信用，信誉”。根据句意选b。13david wont get losthe has a good _ of direction.afeeling bideacexperience dsense答案d句意：大卫不会迷路的他有好的方向感。考查名词词义辨析。解题关键要掌握短语a good sense of direction的意思是“方向感”。14before the project hope was carried out in this poor area，children here had no _ to education.aaccess bassesscattitude dattraction答案a句意：希望工程在这个贫困地区实施之前，这里的孩子们没机会接受教育。access机会或权利；assess评估；attitude态度；attraction吸引(力)，具有吸引力的事物(或人)。a项符合句意。15there is an obvious_between the cultures of the west and east.acontent bcontrastccontract dcontact答案b句意：中西方文化之间有明显的差异。contrast差异；对比，对照；content内容；contract合同，合约，契约；contact联系，联络。16as a result of heavy snow，the highway has been closed up until further _.anews bknowledgecnotice dmessage答案c句意：由于大雪，高速公路已被封闭，何时开放另行通知。until further notice直到另行通知。notice通知，通话；news消息，新闻；knowledge知识；message口信。17there is no _ in trying to persuade him to join us，for he enjoys being alone.adoubt bwondercdifficulty dpoint答案d句意：劝他加入我们的行列没有任何意义，因为他喜欢独处。没有there is no wonder句型，可以说“it is no wonder that.”，意为不足为奇；“there is no doubt that.”意为：毫无疑问；“there is no difficulty in doing sth.”意为：做某事没困难。18john has great writing _，but he needs training to be a real writer.apromotion bpossibilitycprivilege dpotential答案d句意：约翰有巨大的写作潜能，但要成为一名真正的作家，他还需要训练。potential潜力，潜能；promotion晋级，促进，广告宣传，推销活动；possibility可能性；privilege特权。19she is in a poor _ of health，which worries her mother a lot.aposition bsituationcstate dcondition答案cposition位置，职位；situation位置，形势；state状态，in a good/poor state of.是固定词组，“处于状态”；condition条件。20the village is far away from here indeed.its _ walk.aa four hour ba four hoursca fourhours da four hours答案d一次四个小时的旅程，hours本身是以s结尾的复数名词，其所有格是在右上角加上一个撇号。c项应该为a fourhour。21_ will make a trip around the world during the coming christmas.athe smith bthe smithscsmithes dthe smithes答案bthe smiths表示史密斯一家人。22scientists are not sure about the _ of water on mars.aoccupation bexistencecdemand dtreasure答案b火星上水的存在(existence)。23the private school was closed down as a _ of its terribly bad management.amatter bconsequencecwhole dtotal答案bas a consequence of“作为的结果”。24when i took his temperature，i found it was two degrees above _.aaverage bordinaryccommon dnormal答案dnormal temperature是“正常温度”。above normal后面省略了temperature，意为“比正常温度高。25the young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.aprediction bpromisecplan dcontribution答案b句意：年轻人向他的父母许下诺言：毕业后要努力自谋生计。prediction“预言，预测”；promise“诺言，保证”；plan“计划，打算”；contribution“贡献”。由句意可知b项正确。26to save some of the human languages before they are forgotten，the students in our school started a discussion“save our _”asky blife carts dvoices答案d句意：为了拯救那些将被遗忘的人类语言，我校学生开展了题为“拯救我们的声音”的大讨论。本题考查名词辨析。人类语言首先是声音形式的口头语言，然后才有文字形式的书面语言。sky“天空”；life“生命，生活”；arts“艺术”。27i bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale；it was a real _.aexchange bbargainctrade dbusiness答案b句意：我只花了10美元就买了一套裙子，真划算。exchange“互换”；bargain“便宜货，廉价货”；trade“贸易”；business“生意”。结合考题前面给出的信息“只花了10美元”，言外之意花钱不多。28although weibo has many advantages，it cant satisfy peoples _ for indepth analysis of new events，because of the 140character limit.arequirements brequestscdemands dapplications答案c考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管微博有着许多优点，但是由于140字的限制，它无法满足人们对深入分析新事物的需求。requirement“要求，需求，必要条件”；request“要求，请求”；demand“要求，需要，需求”；application“要求，申请，运用”。satisfy ones demand for sth是固定用法，表示“满足对的需求”。29instead of avoiding the hurricane the film crew took a _ and shot the scenes of a real storm.aseat bchancecpicture dvictory答案b考查名词词义辨析。句意：摄制组没有躲避这次风暴，而是很好地利用了这个机会，拍摄真实的风暴场景。take a chance“冒险，碰运气”；take a seat“坐下”；take a picture“照相”；take a victory“取得胜利”。30the couple put an advertisement in the local paper that their watch dog was missing and offered a _ for his return.aexpense bawardcreward dreason答案c考查名词词义辨析。句意：夫妻俩在当地报纸上刊登一则广告，说他们的看家狗丢了，送回来者将会得到酬谢。reward“报酬，酬谢，赏金”；expense“消费，支出”；award“奖，奖品，授予”；reason“理由，原因，理智”。31how long will you stay there?for _.aone and two days bone and two daycone or two days da day or two答案da day or two为习惯说法，意为“一两天”。32what can i do for you?id like to take _ these tomatoes.atwo dozen of btwo dozenctwo dozens dtwo dozens of答案adozen(一打；十二)和score(二十)前面有基数词时，dozen和score不能用复数形式，后面通常不能接of。如：two dozen eggs。但当名词前有the，those，these时，则必须加上of。33hawking became worldfamous in _.ahis thirties in the 1970sbthe thirties in his 1970chis 30s in 1970sdthe thirties during the 1970答案ain ones thirties“在某人三十多岁时”，in/during the 1970s “在二十世纪七十年代”。34if you want to change the red coat for a green one，you should give me _.afifteen another dollarsbfifteen more dollarcanother fifteen dollarsddollars fifteen more答案c考查数词的用法。表示“数量的增加”要用“数词more名词”或“another数词名词”。b项中的dollar后加上s也正确。35many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.a800metrelong b800metreslongc800metrelongth d800 metres length答案arace是名词，所以前面可用合成形容词800metrelong修饰。合成形容词的构成是：基数词度量词(单数)形容词。如：eightyearold，threemetrehigh。36_people in the world are sending information by email every day.aseveral million bmany millionscseveral millions dmany million答案ahundred，thousand，million，billion表示具体数目时，不用复数形式。37the hero of the film is a professor in his _.athirties bthirtiethcthirty dthirtys答案ain his thirties是词组，表示年龄。38we can go there on foot.it is only _ walk.atwenty minute btwenty minutesca twentyminute dtwenty minutes of答案ctwentyminute相当于形容词。39most lions are 9.5 feet or less in length，including the _tail.athree feet bthreefeetcthree foot dthreefoot答案d名词tail前缺少定语，three与foot构成复合形容词作定语时，foot要用单数形式。40americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.amore than twice bas twice as manyctwice as many as dmore than twice as many答案d在表示倍数时，应该先使用表示倍数的数词，然后再使用句式结构，因为该句后面已经有as，所以选d。41people like taking photos because photos are the _ of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.awitness bguidancecevidence dapproval答案a句意：人们喜欢照相是因为相片是青春和历史的见证，并且还能让我们想起很多快乐的场景。witness“目击，见证”，符合题意。guidance“指导，引导”；evidence“证据”；approval“批准，同意”。42hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.it may also be good for _ building.arespect bfriendshipcreputation dcharacter答案d句意：独自徒步旅行很有意思，对健康也有好处。它可能还对性格的培养有好处。character“性格”。respect“尊敬”；friendship“友谊”；reputation“名声”。43with the prices going up every day,300 yuan a month can hardly cover his _ of living.astandards bcostscprices dsalaries答案b句意：随着物价持续上涨，一个月300元很难维持他的生活开支。cost“费用，花费”，符合题意。standard“标准”；price“价格”；salary“薪水”。44everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the _ that everyone should be treated fairly.apurpose bambitioncprinciple dlevel答案c句意：每个出席会议的人都同意坚持人人平等的原则。principle“原则”，符合题意。purpose“目的”；ambition“野心，抱负”；level“水平”。45i havent seen sara since she was a little girl，and she changed beyond _.ahearing bstrengthcrecognition dmeasure答案c句意：自从萨拉是个小女孩的时候我就没见过她，她已经变得我认不出来了。recognition“认出；认识”，符合题意。hearing“听力，听觉”；strength“力量；实力”；measure“测量，计量”。46whats the _，in your opinion，of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?asympathy bthemecobject dpoint答案d句意：在你看来