直接间接引语今日语法.ppt

今日 语法 Ithink that heisawful 主谓宾 主语 谓语 宾语 主句 从句 宾语从句 句子做宾语 Lucysays Lucysaysthatshe Jacksays Jacksaysthat 4 Ithinkthatheisawful Iguessthatitwasafineday HebelievesthatMaryhasbeentotheU S Lindasaysthatshehadread100bookswhenshewas8 Iknowthatyouwillbeagoodteacher 结论1 主句一般现在时 从句任何时态 Ithinkthatheisawful Ithoughtthathewasawful HebelievesthatMaryhasbeentotheU S HebelievedthatMaryhadbeentotheU S 结论2 主句用过去时 从句用过去某个时态 总结 Ihavebrokenmyleg Hesaidthat hehadbrokenhisleg Wewillbuyanewhouse Theysaidthat theywouldbuyanewhouse Idon thaveasecretary Hetoldmethat hedidn thaveasecretary Mysisterisswimming Shetoldmethat hersisterwasswimming Wecan ttellyouanything Theytoldmethat theycouldn ttellusanything Mybrothertoldmethathe hishomework finishedhasfinishedhadfinishedfinishes Lindasaidtheearth aroundthesun movesmovedhasmovedhadmoved 事实真理时态不变 人称变化 直接引语变间接引语 人称变化一随主 二随宾 第三人称不更新 一随主Shesaid Mybrotherwantstogowithme Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher 二随宾HesaidtoKate Howisyoursisternow HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen 第三人称不更新Mr Smithsaid Jackisagoodworker Mr SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker 时态变化 时态变化 一般现在时 一般过去时Marysaid Iamagirl Marysaidshewasagirl 现在进行时 过去进行时Marysaid Iamdoingmyhomework Marysaidshewasdoingherhomework 现在完成时 过去完成时Marysaid Ihavefinishedmyhomework Marysaidshehadfinishedherhomework 过去时 过去完成时Marysaid Ihadlunch Marysaidshehadhadlunch 一般将来时 过去将来时Marysaid Iwillleavetomorrow Marysaidshewouldleavetomorrow 过去完成时不变 仍为过去完成时Shesaid AfterIhadhadlunch Ileftmybagonachair Shesaidthataftershehadhadlunch sheleftherbagonachair 过去进行时 过去进行时Marysaid Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday Marysaidtheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore 在直接引语变为间接引语时 以下情况时态一般不变化 直接引语是客观真理 Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth theteachertoldme Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth 直接引语是过去进行时 时态不变 Jacksaid John wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet 直接引语中有具体的过去某年 某月 某日作状语 变为间接引语时 时态不变 如 XiaoWangsaid IwasbornonApril2l 1980 XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20 1980 直接引语如果是一般现在时 表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作 变间接引语 时态不变 Hesaid Igetupatsixeverymorning Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式 例 oughtto hadbetter usedto 和已经是过去时的形式时 例 could should would might 不再变 Petersaid Youhadbettercomeheretoday PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday Icanspeakthreelanguages Hesaidhecouldspeakthreelanguages Whatdidhesay IammadatMarcia HesaidhewasmadatMarcia Whatdidhesay Whatdidtheysay TheysaidtheywerehavingapartyforLana shewashard working Iamhard working Whatdidshesay Shesaid shewasnotlazy Whatdidshesay Shesaid Iamnotlazy hewasgoodatplayingbasketball Whatdidhesay Hesaid I mgoodatplayingbasketball IamgoodatEnglish ShesaidshewasgoodatEnglish Whatdidshesay Whatdidshesay IdowellinEnglish ShesaidshedidwellinEnglish dowellin IdowellinEnglish IgotobeacheverySunday Whatdidhesay Hesaidhe wenttobeacheverySunday Whatdidshesay Shesaidshe wouldcallmetomorrow Iwillcallyoutomorrow 状语变化 状语变化 表示时间的词now then yesterday thedaybeforethisweek month etc thatweeklastweek month etc theweek month etc beforethreedays ayear etc ago threedays ayear etc beforenextweek month etc thenext following week month etc tomorrow thenext following day 指示代词this thatthese those 表地点的词here there动词bring takecome go 引导词变化 直接引语如果是陈述句 间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句Shesaid Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes 直接引语如果是反意疑问句 选择疑问句或一般疑问句 间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句Hesaid Canyouswim John HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim Youhavefinishedthehomework haven tyou mymotherasked MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike HeaskedmewhetherIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike 直接引语如果是特殊问句 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 Sheaskedme Whendotheyhavetheirdinner Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner 注意 特殊疑问词在句中作主语 变为宾语从句时语序不变 时态应作相应变化 特殊疑问词在句中作主语 变为宾语从句时语序不变 时态应作相应变化 1 Heaskedme withme A whatthematterisB whatthematerwasC what sthematterD whatwasthematter 直接引语如果是祈使句 间接引语应改为 tell ask order beg等 sb not todosth 句型 如 Don tmakeanynoise shesaidtothechildren Shetold ordered thechildrennottomakeanynoise Bringmeacupoftea please saidshe Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea 直接引语如果是以 Let s 开头的祈使句 变为间接引语时 通常用 suggest 动句词 或从句 Hesaid Let sgotothefilm Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm 或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm 句型变化 直接引语变间接引语时 间接引语要用陈述句的语序 引导词要放在间接引语的最前面 接下来按 主谓宾 顺序排列 即 直接引语转换成间接引语时用陈述语序HeaskedMike Wheredidyougo HeaskedMikewherehehadgone Whatareyoudoing Sheaskedme Iwasdoing what WhydoyoulikeEnglish Heaskedme IlikedEnglish why Wheredoeshelive Sheaskedme helived where Howdoesshegotoschool Sheaskedme Shewenttoschool how Doyouknowmyname Sheaskedme Iknewhername Whether if 是否 Whendoyouhavemath Theyaskedhim Theyaskedhim when youhavemath youhavemath he had Theyaskedhimwhenhehadmath Summary 总结 1 特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语 Doyouhavemath Theyaskedhim Theyaskedhim Whether if youhavemath youhavemath he had Theyaskedhimwhether ifhehadmath 2 一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语 Canyouplaythepiano Theyaskedhim Theyaskedhim Whether if Youcanplaythepiano youcanplaythepiano he could Theyaskedhimwhether ifhecouldplaythepiano Openthedoorforme shesaidtome Whatdidsheaskmetodo Sheaskedmetoopenthedoorforher Don tmakesomuchnoise shesaidtothechildren Whatdidshetellthechildren Shetoldthemnottomakesomuchnoise Staytolunch heinsisted Whatdidhedo HeinsistedthatIshouldstaytolunch Comewithme hesuggest Whatdidhesuggest HesuggestedthatIshouldgowithhim You vealreadygotwell haven tyou sheasked Sheasked A ifIhavealreadygotwell hadn tyouB whetherIhadalreadygotwellC haveIalreadygotwellD hadIalreadygotwell 2 Heasked AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember Heaskedme A amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember 3 Heasked Howareyougettingalong Heasked A howamIgettingalongB howareyougettingalongC howIwasgettingalongD howwasIgettingalong4 Heaskedme withme A whatthematterisB whatthematerwasC what sthematterD whatwasthematter 5 Hesaid Don tdothatagain He me thatagain A saidto nottodoB saidto don tdoC told don tdoD told nottodo6 Canyoumakesure A thathewillcomeheretodayB whenhewillcomeheretodayC willhecomeheretodayD whether