八年级英语下册Lesson14教材内容详解冀教版.doc

Lesson 14 People and Plant 人与植物课文英汉对照THINK ABOUT IT! 想一想！Which do you eat more, plants or meat? 你吃什么多一些，植物还是肉？Can we live without plants? Why or why not? 没有植物我们能生存吗？为什么能或为什么不能？What do people use plants for? 人们用植物做什么？图片译文：Are you hungry? These apples look good!你饿了吗？这些苹果年上去挺不错的！People use plants in many ways.人们在许多方面都用到植物。For food. 用作食物。There are about eighty thousand different plants in the world that people can eat. But half of the worlds food comes from only three plants.在世界上人们可以吃的不同植物大约有8万种。但是世界上一半的食物只来源于三种植物：水稻、玉米和小麦。图片译文：rice 米饭（大米） corn 玉米 wheat 小麦For shelter 用作住处We use wood from trees to bund house and furniture. Tables, chairs and beds are help sick people.我们用木材造房子和家具。桌子、椅子和床都是家具。你的书桌也是家具。For medicine. 用作药品。We make many medicines form plants. Whats medicine? Doctors use medicine to help sick people.我们可以用植物来生产许多种药品。什么是药品？医生用药品给病人治病。For clothing. 用作衣服。Is your shirt made of cotton? Cotton is made from the cotton plant. Do you have a hat made of straw? Straw hats are made from the stems of grass plants.你的衬衣是棉布做的吗？棉布是由棉花做的。你有顶草帽吗？草帽是由草的茎做的。For things we use to work . 用作我们的工作物品。Look at the things on your desk. Books,paper,pencils,erasers and the ink in your pen all come from plants.看看你课桌上的物品。书、纸、铅笔、橡皮和钢笔里的墨水都来源于植物。图片译文：We cant live without plants! 离开了植物我们不能生存。LETS DO IT! 做一做！In a small group, make a list o the plants you eat every day. What would happen to uw if there were no plants? Try using this phrase: “If we had no plants,_.”分成小组，列一下你们每天吃的植物。如果没有了植物我们会怎么样？试着用这个短语：“如果没有植物，_.”重点难点详解1. Which do you eat more, plants or meat? more adj. 意为“更多的，更高程度的”，是many 与much的比较级。Since that day, more men gave him more help. 从那一天起，更多的人给予了他更多的帮助。This book is more interesting than one. 这本书比那本书更有趣。友情提示：与more有关的短语more and more 越来越（多） much more 更加，何况 more of less 或多或少never more 决不再 no more 不再；不再存在 no ( not any) more than 不过，仅仅the more,the more 愈,愈2.These apples look good! 这些苹果看上去很好。look 在此为连系动词，意为“看起来”，其后面跟形容词作表语。英语中常用的系动词有：一“是”（即be动词）；二“保持”（即keep,stay）;三“变化”（即get, become, turn）;四“起来”（即feel, sound, look , smell, taste）。The coat looks very beautiful. 这件大衣看起来很漂亮。Winter is coming. It is getting shorter and shorter. 冬天来了，天变得越来越短。The idea sounds very good. 这个主意听起来很好。3. People use plants in many ways. 人们用多种方式来使用植物。way 的用法way n. 意为“方法”。The best way to learn English is to use it . 学英语最好的方法是使用它。way n. 意为“道路”。Can you tell me the way to the hospital? 你可以告诉我去医院的路吗？in many ways 用多种方式 in this way = by this means 用这种方式 by the way 顺便说一句4.There are about eighty housand different plants in the world that people can eat.在世界上人们可以吃的不同植物大约有8万种.about adv. & prep.adv. 意为“附近,到处”The children were rushing about. 小孩们到处乱跑.We are going to the park at about 8 tomrrow morning. 明天上午8点左右我们打算去公园.prep. “在周围,关于”I will tell you a story about birds. 我要给你讲一个关于鸟的故事。Have you a book about you? 你带着书吗？What do you know about him? 关于他，你知道些什么？语法：在此句中，that people can eat是一个定语从句，修饰plants. 修饰plants,that是关系代词。I like the flowers that you gave me. 我喜欢你给我的花。Houses that overlook the lake cost more. 俯瞰湖泊的房子要价高些。知识拓展：当定语从句所修饰的名词为人时，要用引导词who 或that,whom或 that ，whoseFind the girl who is wearing a green coat . 请找到那个穿绿色上衣的女孩。（先行词为人）I still remember the girl (whom / that ) that we saw yesterday. 我还记得我们昨天见过的那个女孩。Yesterday I saw a girl whose coat was green. 昨天我看见一个穿着绿色上衣的女孩。当先行词是物时，关系词可以用that或which.。The green coat which / that the is wearing is made of cotton. （先行词为物） 那个女孩穿着的那件绿上衣是棉制的。并列的先行词又表“人”又表“物”时，只能用that。I still remember the girl and her green coat that we saw yesterday. 我还记着我们昨天见到的那个女孩和她的那件绿色上衣。下列情况只用that不用which ：先行词被最高级修饰；先行词被序数词或 the last， the only ，the very修饰；先行词是不定代词时（如：all, one ,much , nothing）。This is the best film that Ive ever seen . 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。This is the only film that Ive ever seen . 这是我看过的唯一的一部电影。Is there anything that is interesting ? 有什么有趣的事吗？从句的谓语动词要与先行词一致。I like the book which / that is on the desk . 我喜欢桌上的那本书。I like the books which / that are on the desk . 我喜欢桌上的那些书。经典考题：认真选一选Do you know Hong Zhanghui ? Yes. Hes the college student _ has moved Chinese people a lot .A. who B. which C. what D. whom解析：句意为“你认识洪章辉吗？”“是的。他是一句感动了许多中国人的大学生。”所需填空部分为引导词，并且在定语从句中作主语，又先行词为人，故要选表人的关系代词who。whom只能在定语从句中作宾语。答案：AI like the music _ I can dance to .A. that B. whose C. when D. how 解析：句意为“我喜欢那支我能伴跳的音乐。”所需填空部分为引导词，并且在定语从句中作宾语，又先行词为事物，故要选表事物的关系代词that。答案：AIm a football fan. Im interested in everything _ is about the 2007 World Cup.A. who B. that C. which D. what解析：句意为“我是一个足球迷。我对有关2007年世界足球杯的任何事都感兴趣。”先行词为everything时，关系代词只能用that。答案：BThe book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting.A. 不填 B. why C. when D. what解析：句意为“我昨天买的那本书很有趣。”在此句中，先行词book为物，关系代词可用that或which，并且当它们在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。答案：A在世界上用“in the world”，全世界用“all over the world”或“around the world”。5.But half of the worlds food comes from only three plants: rice ,corn, wheat. 但是世界上一半的食物只来源于三种植物:水稻，玉米和小麦。生词：corn n. 玉米 wheat n. 小麦The farmers are growing corn in the field. 农民正在地里种玉米。The bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的。half of the worlds food 意为“世界上一半的食物”或“世界上二分之一的食物”。友情提示：你知道分数的读法吗？在英语中，分数的读法应该是先读分子，后读分母，分子用基数词读，而分母用序数词读。One third of the students in our class are girls.我们班上三分之一的学生是女生。当分子大于1时，应该在分母即序数词后加-s.Two third of the earth is covered with water. 地球的三分之二被水覆盖着。当表示分数的短语作主语时，应视其表达的单复数含义确定谓语动词的变化。Half of the worlds telephone calls are made in English. 世界上二分之一的电话通话用的是英语。come from = be from 为固定短语，意为“来自；出自”。He comes form London. 他是伦敦人。This poem comes from his new book. 这首诗出自他的新书。友情提示：与come有关的短语come back 回来 come in 进来 come off从离开,脱离 come up with 赶上,追上 come to 苏醒 come true 实现The door opened and the teacher came in. 门开了,老师走了进来.Come off the grass! 勿踏草地!Ive always dreamed of coming to China, and now my dream has come true. 我总是梦想来中国,现在我的梦想变成了现实.经典考题：认真选一选Half of the students in our class _ villages.A. be from B. is from C. comes from D. come from解析：句意为“我们班一半的学生来自农村乡村”。“Half of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词。the students为复数形式，故谓语动词用复数形式。come from 为固定搭配，意为“来自”。故应用come from。答案：D6.For shelter. 建住所。生词：shelter n.& v.n. 意为“蔽所；庇护；居所；住处Human beings need food,clothing and shelter. 人类有衣、食、住的需求。The fox was running for the shelter of the trees. 狐狸朝树丛跑，想要躲藏起来。v. 意为“保护；掩蔽”。Trees shelter the house from the wind. 树给房子挡住了风。We sheltered from the rain in a doorway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。7.We use wood from trees to build houses and furniture. 我们用树上的木材建房子、造家具。生词：furniture n. 意为“家具”。People usually use wood to make furniture. furniture 为不可数名词，意为“家具”，若指“一件家具”时，可用 a piece of furniture或 an article of furniture；若指“一套家具”时，可用a set of furniture; 若指许多家具时，用much而不用many。There are only two pieces of furniture in my room. 我的房间里只有两件家具。They bought much furniture yesterday. 昨天他们买了许多家具。8.Tables, chairs and beds are furniture . 桌子、椅子和床都是家具。这是一个简单句，and连接的是并列主语，不是两个单独的分句，谓语动词用复数形式，不能就邻近原则进行选择。Mum and Dad were not a home. 爸爸和妈妈都不在家。某些简单句结构比较特殊，只包含一个词或一个成份。如问候语、告别语、感谢语、祝贺语、反应语和感叹语。Good morning ! 早上好。Happy New Year ! 新年愉快！9.So is your desk. 你的桌子也是。此句为倒装句。so代替上文提到的内容，句中动词的选择取决于上文中所用的动词。She can swim; so can her brother. 她会游泳。她弟弟也会。Mr. Li is a teachea;so is his wife. 李先生是位教师，他妻子也是。经典考题：认真选一选“I usually go to bed late at night. And you ?” “_”.A. So I do B. So do I C. So am I D. So I am解析：句意为“我晚上经常很晚才睡觉，你呢？”“so+助动词或情态动词+主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适合于后者。此结构中的助动词应与上句相同，故用So do I。答案：B10.Doctors use medicine to help sick people. 医生用药品给医生治病。生词：medicine 指起治疗作用的“药”，通常只指口服的药，一般不用复数形式。Take the medicine three times a day. 这种药每天服三次。Ill give you some medicine to make you sleep better. 我可以给你一点药吃，让你睡得好一些。medicine用于指药的种类时，常用复数形式。We make many medicines from plants. 我们从植物中获取很多种药材。在英语中，表示“吃”药，应该说take some medicine，而不用eat或drink.sick adj. 意为“生病的，有病的”时，即可作表语，也可作定语。She was sick in bed with a cold. 她因感冒而卧病在床。Hes not at work today because hes looking after his sick child. 他今天没上班，因为他在照顾生病的孩子。帮你辨析：sick 与 ill ill adj. 意为“生病的”时，通常用作表语。例如：sick mother意为“生病的母亲”，而 ill mother 意为“坏的母亲”。 sick还有“恶心的；想吐的”意思，用作表语或补足语。而ill无此意，但它能表示“身体不适”和“受伤”。The smell made him sick. 这种气味叫他恶心。He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move. 船一开动他就觉得想吐。The color makes me feel quite ill. 这颜色使我感到很不舒服。经典考题：认真选一选He wants to study Chinese _.A. medical B. medicines C. medicine D. medicinal解析：句意为“他想研究中医”。Chinese 修饰名词,而medical与medicinal都是形容词，前者意为“医学的，医疗的”；后者意为“药用的”。可直接排除A、D两个选项。Medicine作“医学”讲时，为不可数名词。故应用medicine。答案：CDoctors use medicine to help _ people.A. ill B. sick C. sickness D. illness解析：句意为“医生用药物来帮助患者”。修饰名词people应该用形容词，sickness，illness均为名词，排除C、D选项；ill当“生病的”讲时，只能作表语不能作定语，而sick即可作表语，也可作定语。故应用sick。答案：B11.Do you have a hat made of straw? 你有草帽吗？生词：straw n . 稻草；纸（塑料吸管）May I have a straw for my drink? 我可以要根吸管喝饮料吗？Farmers often wear hats in hot day. 在大热天农民们经常戴草帽。语法：句中made of straw 是过去分词短语，在句中作定语，修饰hat.He lived in a village called Gum Tree. 他住在一个叫做桉树村的村子里。The boy called Li Ming is my brother. 那个叫李明的男孩是我弟弟。12. Look at the things on your desk . 看一下你桌上的东西。look at 固定短语，意为“看” look after 意为“照顾，照料”look for 意为“寻找”经典考题：认真选一选Im looking _ my book . Please help me .A. at B. after C. for解析：句意为“我正在找我的书，请帮帮我”。look for意为“寻找”。答案：CLook _ the blackboard , please .A. at B. after C. for解析：句意为“请看黑板”。look at意为“看”，注意用介词at.答案：AThere are new words in this story . Sometimes we look _the new words in our dictionaries.A. at B. up C. for解析：句意为“这个故事里面有许多新单词。有时在字典里查这些新单词。”查字典，用固定搭配look up。答案：B13.What would happen to us if there were no plants? 如果没有植物我们会怎么样？happen作为不及动词，意为“发生”。sth. +happen to +sb. 意为“某人出了某事（常指不好的事发生在某人身上）”。An accident happened to him last week. 上周他出了一起车祸。What happened to you ?(= What was wrong / the matter with you? ) 你怎么啦？sth.+happen +地点/时间,意为“某地或某时发生了某事”。An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。sb.+happen +to do sth. 意为“某人碰巧做某事”。I happened to meet her in the street. 我碰巧在街上遇到她。happen不能用于被动语态，不能说：The story was happened last year. 但可以说：The story happened last year. 意为这个故事发生在去年。happen为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。要表示这事发生一年了，不能说：This happened for one