高中英语语法情态动词专题(精辟).doc

考点识别：情态动词为必修三的语法点，从近几年的高考情况看，对情态动词的考查为高考重点项目之一，高考的热点依次为：推测和能力，必要性，请求建议命令，所以要求考生准确把握情态动词的意义和用法。一、表推测词形肯定否定must必然；一定should按说应该应该不会ought to按说应该应该不会can/could可能/微弱的可能不可能may/might也许/微弱的可能可能不会技巧：做到情态动词表示推测的题，一定要把题目读完，根据题目所提供的信息判断填空部分所需要的语气。e.g. He must be the wanted man, for hes exactly like this picture. （因为他和照片很像，能够判断出语气是很肯定的） (2011 北京， 24)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not二、表能力 can:表示现在的能力 could：表示过去的能力 be able to will be able to: 将来的能力 was/were able to：过去有能力并且成功地做了某事技巧：这三个词不易混淆，所以做此类题时，一般通过翻译就能选出答案。但是要注意题目的时态。e.g. (2010全国II, 17) Im afraid Mr. Harding A see you now. He is busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 不能 (2011 四川，20) The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they A .A. can B. may C. must D. should三、表必要性 must: 一定，必须 mustnt: 不准，强行禁止 have to: 不得不 dont have to: 不必need: 需要 neednt: 不需要e.g. (2011 上海， 28) I D worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.A. cant B. mustnt C. darent D. neednt不需要四、表请求、建议、命令、允许、禁止1.表示请求、建议 shall：用于一、三人称，表示征求对方意见。 may/might：表示允许、请求。 will/would：用于第二人称，表示请求或建议。e.g. Shall the driver wait outside?司机在外边等着可以吗？2.表示命令、允诺 must 必须 mustnt 禁止；不准 should/ought to 应该 shouldnt/oughtnt to 不应该 (易错点) shall:常与二、三人称连用，表命令、警告、威胁、允诺。 will:表示意愿、决心。e.g. （2011 陕西卷）Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You _D_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall（允诺）情态动词+ have done一般考试时，常与虚拟语气连用来作为考点。翻译该句型时，加个“本”字即可。情态动词+ have done 用法 例句must have done一定/准是/想必做了It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.can/could have done本来能够做Can he have gone to his aunts home?cannot/couldnt have done过去不可能做了He cannot have forgotten the accident.may/might have done也许/或许已经做了Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.should/ought to have done本该做而实际上未做You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做而实际上做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.neednt have done本不必做而做了You neednt have taken a taxi here, because it was very near to my house.had better（not） have done当时最好做了(没做)You had better have finished it on time. would rather（not） have done 宁愿当时做了（没做）I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.would like/love to have done 过去愿意做但未做成I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.e.g. (2008, 江苏，35)Im sorry. I B at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted易错点：1. cannot but+ do sth :不得不/只好做某事e.g. I cannot but choose to go.另外，表达该意思的其他句型有： cant help but do cant choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice but do 2. may as well + do: 最好，倒不如 e.g. You may as well do it at once. 3. should 还可用在if 引导的条件状语从句中，表示“万一” e.g. (09天津15) This printer is of good quality. If it _B_ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might 万一 “Why/How should” ,表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到惊讶，意为“竟会”e.g. Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚？4. must 表示“非要，偏要，硬要”e.g. （2011全国卷二） If you _C_ smoke, please go outside. (如果你非要抽烟，请到外面抽)A. can B. should C. must D. may5. dare/need 做情态动词时，后加do，否定式为darent/ neednt +do 做实义动词时，后加 to do，否定式为 dont/doesnt/didnt + to do自我演练1We have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.Amay notBneedntCcantDmustnt 2.-_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? -Sorry Sir, but its urgent. A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would3. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. can B. might C. would D. need4. Its quite warm here; we _turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. wouldnt5. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt6. Will you read me a story, Mummy? -OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall7. They _ have arrived at lunch-time but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should8. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will9. It _be the postman at the door. It is only six oclock. A. mustnt B cant C wont D neednt 10. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.A .cant B .neednt C .may not D .will not11. - _ I take the book out? - Im afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 12. -I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.- Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. A .could B. shall C .must D. may 13. Doctors say that exercise is importan