非谓语复习.ppt

谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考题点击 1 Can tyouread Marysaid tothenotice 93N A angrilypointingB andpointangrilyC angrilypointedD andangrilypointing 两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语 并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性 故B D皆错 不用and连接时称之为状语 只能用非谓语动词作状语 故C错 2 Suddenly atallmandrivingagoldencarriage thegirlandtookheraway intothewoods 04上海春季 A seizing disappearedB seized disappearedC seizing disappearingD seized disappearing seized和took是并列谓语 disappearing是伴随状语 此题的关键是and的位置 如果and在disappear前 则三个动词并列 make agoodimpressiononsomeoneyoumeetforthefirsttimeisofgreatimportance make offinahurry oneofthechildrenfelldownandbrokehisleg make anothereffortandyouwillsucceed 非谓语做主语 动名词 doing 和不定式 todo 可以做句子主语过去分词 done 不能做句子主语 非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题 第一是并行结构问题 如 Seeingisbelieving Toseeistobelieve 第二需要注意一些结构 在It snouse good point sense value importance 等结构中只用动名词作主语 如 It snousequarrellingwithsuchafellow 注意比较 There snoneedtotellhimaboutit B 在It s adj n 结构中都用不定式作主语 注意两种句型 It seasy difficult hard important possible impossible necessary better apity thefirst thenext thelast thebest notenough 后加forsb todoIt skind nice stupid rude clever foolish thoughtful thoughtless brave considerate 考虑周到的 silly selfish 自私的 后加ofsb todo make agoodimpressiononsomeoneyoumeetforthefirsttimeisofgreatimportance When start remainsaquestion Itisimpoliteofyou arrive late Itisknowntoallthat make funofinpublicisanembarrassingthing Making tostart toarrive beingmade Practice Isitnecessary thebookimmediately A thathereturnsB forhimtoreturnC hisreturningD ofhimtoreturn madehisfatherlosehistemper A TheboywassonaughtyB TheboytobenaughtyC Theboy sbeingnaughtyD Theboy stobenaughty Practice 非谓语做状语 不定式和分词 现在分词和过去分词 都可在句子中做状语不定式做状语可以表示原因 目的和结果分词做状语可以表示时间 原因 条件 结果 让步 方式或伴随状态 既可放在句首也可以放在句末 通常用逗号与句子其它部分分开 特别要注意 分词及其逻辑主语 即整个句子的主语 的一致性 如果分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动关系 即分词中的动作是逻辑主语自己主动做的 分词用现在分词 如果是被动关系 则用过去分词 make offinahurry oneofthechildrenfelldownandbrokehisleg make fromgrapes thewineisofhighquality develop theirlisteningability theyoftenlistentoEnglishnews Making Made Todevelop Practice done和beingdone warn ofdangerahead theyleftatonce On warn ofdangerahead theyleftatonce Warned beingwarned doing和havingdone lie onthebed helistenedtothemusic lie onthebedforalongtime thepoorchildlookedveryweak Lying Havinglain 完成式分词 havingdone 可以表示该动作的时间是在谓语动词所表示的动作以前或已持续了若干时间 重复了若干次 not或never用以表示否定 一般放在分词之前HavinglivedlonginLondon hespeaksthestandardsouth of EnglandEnglish Nothavingeatenhisdinner herushedoutofthehouse Havingfailedtwice hedidn twanttotryagain before already fortwoyears 不定式和分词在句末 不定式在句末常表示结果或目的分词在句末常表示伴随或结果 主动用doing 被动用done Hedied leave nothingbutdebts Hesatintheroom leave alone Theyarrivedhome only find everythinggone Thenewmachineswillworktwiceasfast thus reduce costs Theyarrivedhomeverylate make theirparentsveryangry leaving left andheleft andhewasleft tofind making Practice 结果 reducing 方式和伴随状况e g Themancameintothehouseandfollowedhisthreedogs e g Themancameintothehouseandwasfollowedbyhisthreedogs Themancameintothehouse followinghisthreedogs Themancameintothehouse followedbyhisthreedogs Practice Hedied leave nothingbutdebts Hesatintheroom leave alone leaving left Notice go come sit lie stand 现在分词 过去分词 e g Theycameintotheroomtalkingandlaughing Theywentawayunnoticed Practice 他们坐在黑暗中讲故事 Theysatinthedarktellingstories 那位老人站着被他的孩子们围绕着 Theoldmanstoodsurroundedbyhischildren 如果分词的逻辑主语与句子中的主语不一致 只能用状语从句或分词的独立主格结构Ifweatherpermits weshallgooutforapicniconMonday 状语从句 Weatherpermitting weshallgooutforapicniconMonday 独立主格 Whenthesunhadset wearrivedatasmallvillage 状语从句 Thesunhavingset wearrivedatasmallvillage 独立主格 Allthemoneyspent westartedlookingforwork 被动 Astherewasnotaxi wehadtowalk 状语从句 Therebeingnotaxi wehadtowalk 独立主格 Practice Thework Johnwenttoseeafilm A doneB doingC tobedoneD todo Once it thefilmwillencourageyougreatly A seeingB toseeC youseeD youseeing Notice 分词前可以加when whenever while once until if unless though等连接词 这时分词的逻辑主语必须与句子中的主语一致 主动用doing 被动用donebefore after后一般不直接加done 主动用doing 被动用beingdone Whenheheardthenews heburstintocrying Hearingthenews heburstintocrying Whenhearingthenews heburstintocrying Whenyoungchildrenareleftalone theycangetthemselvesintoallsortsoftroubleveryquickly Whenleftalone youngchildrencangetthemselvesintoallsortsoftroubleveryquickly Left Notice 错 Whilecrossingthestreet ataxiranoverthischild 对 Whilecrossingthestreet thischildwasrunoverbyataxi 对 Whilethischildwascrossingthestreet ataxiranoverhim Hewon tsucceedintheexperimentif give itup Igoforawalkeverydayunless force tostayinbybadweather Whatareyougoingtodoafter leave thiscountry Whenever invite tomakeaspeech themanalwaysgavenoreply giving ifhegives forced unlessIamforced leaving invited Wheneverhewasinvited Practice 不定式 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 不定式todo做后置定语可以表示将要发生的事 被动用tobedone现在分词doing做后置定语可以表示正在进行的事 或某个动作经常发生或状态一直存在 被动用beingdone过去分词done做后置定语可以表示已经做完的事 而且是被动的 1 Themeeting hold tomorrowisunknowntous 2 Themeeting hold nowisunknowntous 3 Themeeting hold yesterdayisunknowntous tobeheld Themeetingwhichwillbeheldtomorrowisunknowntous beingheld Themeetingwhichisbeingheldnowisunknowntous held Themeetingwhichwasheldyesterdayisunknowntous Thereisalotofworkforme do Thereweremanyfans wait outside Thereareseveralreferencebooks leave foryou Practice todo waiting left Notice Theyaretalkingabouttheaccident yesterday A happenedB happeningC whichhappenedD havinghappened havingdone不能做定语 和宾语补足语 如果动作有先后一般不用现在分词 而用定语从句 现在分词作定语是表示主动的含义 即 使人或令人 如何如何e g Itwasafrighteningsound 或 正在 如何如何e g Itisdangeroustoswiminrunningwater e g Doyouknowthemancomingtowardsus themanwhoiscoming 或某个动作经常发生或状态一直存在e g Thebookbelongingtomewasmissing Thebookwhichtomewasmissing belonged e g Anyonewantingtojointheclubwillsignhere Anyonewhowantstojointheclubwillsignhere Oneofthepassengerswho injure diedsoonaftertheaccident Themodelplane make atthemomentisdifficult make Theproblem talk aboutatthemeetinglastnightisofgreatinterest Therearealotofmodelsofcarsforme choose from Theywerestrugglingalongthemountainpath lead tothestop Practice wasinjured beingmade tomake talked tochoose leading Practice What smadeyousoupset threeticketstotheconcert A LostB BecauseoflosingC LosingD SinceIlostMr Smith ofthespeech startedtoreadanovel A tiringB tiredC totireD tobetired Thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers A tosolving makingB tosolving madeC tosolve havingbeenmadeD tosolve made morethan2000rarestamps shewasproudofherself A TocollectB CollectedC HavingcollectedD Collecting Weareallpleased thatourteamhaswonthefinal A tohearB hearingC tobeheardD havingheardThehouses arefortheoldpeopleandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon A builtB tobebuiltC tobuildD beingbuilt withdevelopedcountries Chinastillhasalongwaytogoinmanyaspects A ComparingB TocompareC ComparedD Compare youressaywithhis yourswasmoreinstructive A ComparedB IftocompareC AfterIcomparedD Whencomparing Didyougetabook No I buttherewerenotany A tried tobeleftB hadtried leavingC triedto leftD hadtried haveleftWiththeforest fast alotofrarespeciesarethreatenedwithextinction A todisappearB disappearingC havingdisappearedD disappeared havingdone不做补语 Though delay bythetrafficjam theymanagedtogettotheairportintime study thissubjectforyears shefinallybecameanexpert equip withmostadvancedweapon thesoldiersstandgoodchanceofwinningthebattle Weweresurprisedathis question atthepolicestation delayed Havingstudied Equipped beingquestioned Thecaptain aswellashissoldiers be totravelbydayandbynightaccordingtotheplan move deeplybythehero sdeeds theydecidedtoworkharder Notwork hardenough mydesk matedidn tdowellinthemathtest Hisbrother in lawissaid come backformJapanlastSunday was Moved Nothavingworked tohavecome Whydoyouhavethewater run allthetimewhileyouarewashingtheclothes make herself hear shespokeasloudlyaspossible Shetoldmeeverysincethenshehadbeenlivinginthatsmalltown enjoy aquietlife Theoldmansatthere surround bythechildren Themanputonthecoat openedthedoorand leave home running Tomake heard enjoying surrounded left 非谓语动词作宾补 a 表示感觉和心理状态的动词 比如 hear listento see lookat watch notice observe feel find smell等之后接宾语和动词的现在分词 表示动作正在进行的时候 偶然被看到或听到等等 换言之 用现在分词是表示看到 听到 感到或发现的时候 动作正在进行之中 e g Ineverheardhimspokenillof 我从来未听过有人说他的坏话 e g YesterdayIsawJohnbeatenbyhisfather 强调动作已经完成 与宾语之间的关系为被动关系 Practice 1 Don tbotherme I mlisteningtothebirds A tosingB singingC tosingingD sung2 Hasheeverbeenseen dance Whenpassingtheroom hewasheard cry Johnwasseen beat byhisfather todance crying beaten b 一些表示 致使 使得 等意义的动词 如 have set leave get want make keep等也有类似用法e g Heenteredfirst andleftmestandingoutside 他先进去了 把我留在外面站着 e g Heoftenlefttheworkhalfdone 他时常把工作只做了一半就丢下了 c p 1 Theywantthejob bytheendofthisyear whichweconsider impossible A tohavebeendone tobeB done tobeC done beingD beingdone wanttodo wantdoing wantO todo wantO done 主语 想要做某事 主语 需要被 想要 做某事 想要 被做 2 Pleasehurryhimup Wehardlyhaveanytime A togoB leftC toleaveD leaving3 Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople A haveitdoB haveitdoneC havedoneitD havingitdone havesb dosth haveO doingsth 一段时间里面使 一直做某事e g Hehaduslaughingallthroughthemeal 整个的那顿饭 他使他们大笑不已 won t can thave sb doing 是表示 不允许或容忍 的含义e g Iwon thaveyousayingsuchthingsabouthim 我不允许你说他这种事情 havesth done getsth done 主语叫别人或雇人做某事 且对宾语来说是被动的e g 尽快叫人将伤员送去医院 Get orHave thewoundedmentakentohospitalasquicklyasyoucan 叙述意外的 不幸的事情 并非主语叫他人所为e g Hehad orgot hishouseburntinthelatefire 他的房子在最近一次火灾中烧掉了 4 Sheshouldgethereyes A tobetestedB beingtesteC tohavebeentestedD tested getsb todo getO doing getsth done 使某人做某事 I lltrytogetthecargoing Notice 1 比较 I msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting Pleasekeepyoureyesfixedonyourbooks Icouldnotmakethemunderstandme Icouldnotmakemyselfunderstood 2 makeO doing 没有此结构 3 catchsb doing撞见 抓住某人正做 坏事e g Ifshecatchesyoureadingherdiary she llbefurious 5 Shewasstillfastasleep withherhead deepintoherarms A buryB toburyC buryingD buriedwith 宾语 分词 做宾语补足语 表示谓语动词所表示的动作发生时伴随着的情况 介词with后面的宾语也就是分词所表动作的逻辑主语 用 ing分词表示逻辑主语是主动做某事 用 ed分词表示被动 without也有类似用法 Practice1 1 Bequiet Ican thearwithyou talk soloud 2 Therehewaslyingwithhiseyes open 3 Hewentangrilyaway withoutawordmore speak talking opened spoken Practice2 1 房间里灯还亮着 他没有睡着 2 随着树木的种植 这个城市现在看上去像个大公园 3 有许多功课要做 她不得不待在家里 Withthelightsstillburninginhisroom hedidn tfallasleep Withthousandsoftreesplanted thecitynowlookslikeabigpark Withalotofhomeworktodo shehadtostayathome Practice 1 Unless tospeak youshouldremainsilentattheconference A invitedB invitingC beinginvitedD havinginvited2 Withalotofdifficultproblems themanagerfeltworriedallthetime A settledB settlingC tosettleD beingsettled 3 Didyougetabook No I buttherewerenotany A tried tobeleftB hadtried leavingC triedto leftD hadtried haveleft4 yourhead andyou llseethesun now A Raise risingB Raise raisingC Toraise risingD Lift beingrisen 5 Hestoodthereforawhilewithhishands A raisingB raisedC roseD risen6 Onmywayhome Isawathief moneyfromaladybythepolice A beingcaughtB havingcaughtC caughtstealingD havecaughttosteal 7 I vehadmyradio sosoonbecausemyfatherhadme it A repair doneB repaired doC repairing doD repaired done8 Theseoldpersonswant goodcareof A takingB totakeC takenD betaken 9 Hesteppedintohisroom only alotofthings A finding robbedB tofind stolenC found missedD tofin