英语作文 说明利弊型论说文.doc

第三节 说明利弊型论说文 说明利弊型论说文是四、六级作文中另一常见命题形式，它一般要求作者针对某一事物或某一现象从正反两方面辨证地分析它的优缺点，然后表明自己对该事物或现象的看法。由此可见，此类作文一般可写成“三段式”或“四段式”的文章。 一、说明利弊型论说文的结构模式描述某一现象（事物） 分析其优点 分析其缺点 我的态度或看法。 二、说明利弊型论说文的写作要领在分别说明某一现象（事物）的优点或缺点时，切忌凌乱，一定要有条理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly, secondly, finally; For one thing, For another, 在文章最后一段表明自己的态度或看法时，考生最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的方法以减少某现象（事物）可能带来的副面效应。 三、说明利弊型论说文的范文解析范文 (一) (CET4 1992.12)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1 运动的积极因素2 运动的消极因素3 我的体会Sports are conducive to health. First, they stimulate blood circulation. As a Chinese saying goes, “Running water is never stale and a door-hinge never gets worm-eaten.” Good blood circulation can prevent diseases. Besides, sports help digestion. If one often takes exercise, he will not suffer dyspepsia. Most important of all, sports make one energetic. One who takes exercise everyday is always full of vigor and will never be languid.However, there are also disadvantages for taking exercise. First, if one takes exercise in the morning, he will sweat but he will have to go to work with wet underwear in a hurry, which is harmful to health. Besides, it is also time-consuming to take exercise. If one takes exercise at regular intervals, he can keep fit but most probably he will lag behind in other fields. Worst of all, if one takes exercise without taking in enough nutrition, his health will run down for malnutrition, which is just the opposite to what he wishes.Admittedly, I find it beneficial to health to take exercise. However, I seldom take exercise all my life. When I was young, I refused to take exercise for lack of nutrition. Now I refuse to take exercise because I cannot afford the time to take a bath after taking exercise.范文解析：范文首段开门见山，开篇几即给出主题句 “Sports are conductive to health”，紧接着从三方面说明了参加运动的益处：预防疾病、促进消化、使人精力充沛。根据作者所使用的过渡词语 “first” “besides” “most important of all” 我们可以看出这三大益处在文中并不是处于并列地位的，而是有主次之分的。 考生应该熟记 “most important (worst) of all” 这种表递进的过渡短语，因为在写作中常常会用到它。其中 “blood circulation” “digestion” “dyspepsia” 等与身体健康相关的专业词汇的使用，足可见作者的写作功底。另外，作者还引用了中国的一句成语“流水不腐，户枢不蠹“不，这不仅给文章增色不少，而且也给文章提高了评分档次。文章第二段用转折过渡词 “however” 承上启下，使本段自然转入中心议题 运动的消极因素，紧接着用举例的方法具体说明参加运动可能产生的不良后果。本段同样使用了过渡词语 “first” besides” “worst of all” 与第一段遥相呼应，文章的结构一目了然。其中time-consuming, at regular intervals和malnutrition等词语和非限定性定语从句的运用显示出作者的写作的功底，必然帮助考生获取高分。最后一段作者得出结论：参加运动对健康有益，但突然笔锋一转叙述了他很少参加运动的原因，这多少给读者耳目一新的感觉。在叙述其中的原因时，作者用了两种不同的句式:：“for lack of” 和 “because”。在这里值得一提的是表达原因的句式有很多种，为了让你的作文语言富于变化，考生在平时的学习中就最好注意积累。范文 (二) (CET4/6 1996.1)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Two-Day Weekend You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1 双休日给我们大学生带来的好处2 双休日可能产生给大学生带来的问题3 我应当怎样过好双休日 Generally speaking, two-day weekends are not only a time for us college students to relax ourselves, but also a time to improve ourselves. To have a good rest after a weeks hard work, we have plenty of recreation opportunities. We can read to our hearts content, go sightseeing, and play games with our friends. Some students find part-time jobs on weekends so that they can ease their families financial burdens and know more about the society. However, some students are just wasting their time on weekends. Some spend their time playing cards overnight, playing PC games, even drinking a lot with their friends. Some spend the whole weekend going traveling and feel tired when they return so that their studies will be greatly affected.As a student, I think the first thing we should do is study. Spending two or three hours in going over lessons every weekend will give me great rewards. After finishing my homework, I can do many other things, such as mountain climbing, watching films and skating. Of course, Ill also have a good rest to refresh myself and get well prepared for next weeks study. In short, by planning well we can achieve a lot on weekends. Otherwise, well get nowhere.范文解析：范文首段开门见山，概括了双休日给大学生带来的好处：给他们提供了休息的时间和提高自己的机会。紧接着，作者 通过举例进一步说明了大学生在双休日可以做的有意义的事情。本段的闪光点在于 “recreation” “ease financial burdens” “to our hearts content” 等词语的运用，因为双休日这个话题太普通就更需要考生用一些在大学里掌握的一些新的词汇来发表自己的看法，这样才能使文章显得与众不同。另外，本段表达的内容虽然都很简单，但作者使用的句式却富于变化，既有简单的并列句，又有 so that引导的结果状语从句，还有不定式做状语的复合句。第二段中转折过渡词 however 承上启下，使本段自然转入本段的主题 双休日可能带来的问题。这里值得考生学习的是作者没有直接将提纲翻译成英语作为该段的主题句，而是自己重新拟订了一个主题句。本段主要从浪费时间这个角度来阐述双休日的负作用，论证方式主要是举例说明，所引用的事例非常真实、典型且具代表性，因此也相当具有说服力。第三段as a student 承上启下，转入从作者本人的角度表达自己合理利用双休日的打算。其中， “the first thing ” “after” of course,also” 等过渡词语比 “first” “second” “finally” 更具有鲜明的特点，表明考生的语言灵活而不落俗套。最后作者成功收尾，得出结论：只要计划的好，我们的双休日就可以过得非常有意义。总而言之，本文紧扣主题，结构严谨，说理透彻，逻辑性强。四、说明利弊型论说文的常用句型l 说明事物优点的常用句式1. There are several advantages in / of The first / biggest advantage is that有几方面的优点，第一个/最大的优点是2. Nothing / Few things can equal / match with/ be compared with in terms of在方面，（几乎）没有什么东西可以和相媲美。3. For all / in spite of / Despite the disadvantages / side effects, it has its compensating advantages / beneficial effects尽管存在一些缺点 / 负面影响，但它并非一无是处。4. has a positive impact/ influence/ effect on peoples lives. 对人们的生活起到一种积极的作用。5. . is playing an increasingly important role in peoples lives.在人们的生活中扮演一个越来越重要的作用。l 说明事物缺点的常用句式1. However, , just like anything else, has its negative side as well.但是，和其他事物一样， 也有其不好的一面。2. Of course, the disadvantages can not be ignored.当然，缺点也是不能忽视的。3. However, it still has some drawbacks.但是它还是有一些缺陷。4. However, just as everything has two sides ,also has many disadvantages.但是，正如每个个事物都有两面性一样， 也有很多缺点。5. However, may also cause/ bring about/ lead to/ result in/ contribute to some problems.但是， 也可能诱发一些问题。6. However, its often blamed for its obvious defects.但是，它经常因一些明显的缺陷而受到指责。7. Everything has two sides. is no exception.每个事物都有两面性， 也不例外。8. As the proverb goes, every coin has its two sides/ no garden without its weeds/ every medal has its reverse. is no exception.正如有句言语所说的那样，每件事物都有利有弊。也好不例外。9. However, the negative aspects are also apparent/ obvious/ evident. To begin with,. To make matters worse,. Worst of all,不足之处也是显而易见的.首先, ;更糟的是, ;最后。10. The side effects has exerted on human beings can be boiled down to several major ones as follows. First, Second, In addition,. 对人类产生的副作用归纳起来有以下几个方面。其一，；其二，；此外。l 表明事物利大于弊的常用句式1. As to me, I think the advantages outweigh/ carry more weight than the disadvantages.就我而言，我认为利大于弊。2. Anyway, I still believe has more advantages than disadvantages. 不管怎样，我仍然相信 的利大于弊。3. But for me, I think what is more important is its positive side.但就我而言，我认为它积极的一面更加重要。4. The advantages of / derived from far outweigh / are much greater than the disadvantages / problems entails.的优点远远多于它引发的问题。五、熟能生巧模板（一）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Keeping a Pet. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 养宠物有很多优点。2. 宠物也会引发一些问题。3. 我的态度 Nowadays it is common to see _ 描述养宠物的现状_.There are many advantages of keeping a pet. For one thing, _ 优点之一_ _.For another, _ 优点之二_.However, keeping a pet, just like anything else, has its negative side as well. Itmay also give rise to some problems. For example, _ 举例说明缺点之一_.Worst of all, _ for the reason that _ 指出缺点之二_.说明其中原因 To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, _.强调养宠物的重要性 模板（二）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Working at Home. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 居家办公有很多优点，如：节约上班往返时间等。2. 居家办公也有很多弊端，如：孤独感、混淆生活与工作等。3. 我的看法 Nowadays，with the development of science and technology, particularly computer and telephone technology, it has been made a reality that _ 说明现状_.Generally, people enjoy working at home for the following benefits. For onething, _ 优点之一_.For another, _ 优点之二_.Most agreeable of all, _ 优点之三_.While working at home allows much more freedom than working in office, some problems can not be ignored. For example, _ 举例说明缺点之一_.Besides, _ 缺点之二_. Whats more,_ . 缺点之三 For all the possible problems arising from working at home, I still believe _ 对未来前景的预测_.模板（三）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Studying Abroad. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 留学海外有很多益处2. 留学海外也会遇到一些问题3. 我的态度 Nowadays, studying abroad gains popularity in China. Many rich parents would rather send their children abroad to receive education than let them be educated in China. As everything has two sides, studying abroad is not an exception. There are many advantages for people to attend schools abroad. In the first place, _ 利益一_Secondly, _ 利益二_.Thirdly, _ 利益三_.Of course, attending schools abroad may also bring about a series of problems.The most serious problem is _ 问题一_.As a result, _ 由此产生_.的新问题Besides, _. 问题二Inevitably, _.由此产生的新问题Furthermore, _. 问题三Therefore, _ 我的态度_.模板（四）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Reference Books. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 各种各样的参考书给学生们的学习提供了一定的帮助。2. 但是过分依赖参考书会产生许多副面效应。3. 我认为 Nowadays students constantly find themselves flooded with all kinds of referencebooks. Reference books themselves are of no harm. Generally speaking, most of them_ 参考书的_好处_. For example _ 举例说明_.However, depending too much on reference books has many negative effects. Tobegin with, _ 弊端一_.Besides, _ 弊端二_.Worst of all, _ 弊端三_. In my opinion, we should _ 我的态度_.模板（五）Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Electronic dictionaries. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 电子词典有很多好处2. 电子词典也有许多弊端3. 我的看法是 In recent years electronic dictionaries _ 说明现状_. Compared with a traditional dictionary, this kind of new dictionary has manyadvantages. First, _ 优点之一_.Besides, _ 优点之二_.Most important of all, _ 优点之三_.On the other hand, electronic dictionary has its disadvantages. First, _ 弊端之一_.In addition, _ 弊端之二_.Last but not the least, _ 弊端之三_.In my opinion, _ 我的态度及建议_.七、参考范文模板（一） Keeping a Pet Nowadays it is common to see people keep a dog or cat or a pet of another kind all over the world.There are many advantages of keeping a pet. For one thing, pets are good companions. This is especially important for people who live alone and for the old who do not go out much. Some pets can also help to protect the house from thieves. For another, dogs and cats like to play and can give hours of amusement to children and adults. Taking care of an animal also helps children to develop a sense of responsibility and to learn about the nature. However, keeping a pet, just like anything else, has its negative side as well. It may also give rise to some problems. For example, some pets are dirty and tend to transmit some sort of disease. Worst of all, Some dogs may attack and seriously injure small children for the reason that their owners dont train them properly or actually encourage them to be aggressive. To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, especially for lonely people and children. Meanwhile, it is, however, quite necessary to bear in mind that pets should be well trained lest they attack people.模板（二）Working at HomeNowadays，with the development of science and technology, particularly computer and telephone technology, it has been made a reality that some p