上外全新版大学英语第四册课件_2

BR main 1 AnEnglishSong DearDiary 2 Questionnaire 3 Warm upQuestions BeforeReading ListentotheSong QuestionsandAnswers 4 BackgroundInformation RichardTomkins Technology StressintheWorkplace BR1 1 ListentotheSong ListentotheSong II BR1 2 QuestionsandAnswers QuestionsandAnswers 1 Howdoesthesingertreathisdiary Why 2 Whatdoesthesingerthinkabouthowotherpeoplespendtheirtime 3 Canweinferwhatattitudethesingertakestowardsthepaceoflifetoday Hetreatsitasafriend towhomhecanpourouthisinmostfeelings Hethinkstheyspendtheirdaysinarush somuchsothattheyhavenotimeforeachotherorforthemselves Itisunwiseforpeopletospenddaysinarush BR2 1 Questionnaire Purpose Directions ScoringandInterpretation Numberof Yes AnswersStressCategory BR2 11 Questionnaire Purpose Directions ScoringandInterpretation Numberof Yes AnswersStressCategory Thepurposeofthisquestionnaireistoincreaseyourawarenessofstressinyourlife BR2 12 Ifyouanswer yes toanyofthefollowingstressindexquestions justclickthesentence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ihavefrequentarguments Ioftengetupsetatwork Ioftenhaveneckand orshoulderpainsduetoanxiety stress IoftengetupsetwhenIstandinlonglines IoftengetangrywhenIlistentothelocal national orworldnewsorreadthenewspaper Idonothaveasufficientamountofmoneyformyneeds Ioftengetupsetwhendriving Attheendofaworkday Ioftenfeelstress relatedfatigue Ihaveatleastoneconstantsourceofstress anxietyinmylife e g conflictwithboss neighbor mother in law etc Ioftenhavestress relatedheadaches 10 BR2 13 Ifyouanswer yes toanyofthefollowingstressindexquestions justclickthesentence 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Irarelyget7to9hoursofsleeppernight Idonotpracticestressmanagementtechniques Irarelytaketimeformyself Ihavedifficultyinkeepingmyfeelingsofangerandhostilityundercontrol Ihavedifficultyinmanagingtimewisely Ioftenhavedifficultysleeping Iamgenerallyinahurry IusuallyfeelthatthereisnotenoughtimeinthedaytoaccomplishwhatIneedtodo IoftenfeelthatIambeingmistreatedbyfriendsorassociates Idonotregularlyperformphysicalactivity BR2 14 Purpose Directions ScoringandInterpretation Numberof Yes AnswersStressCategory Answering yes toanyofthequestionsmeansthatyouneedtousesomeformofstressmanagementtechniques Addyour yes answersandusethefollowingscaletoevaluatethelevelofstressinyourlife Questionnaire BR2 15 Purpose Directions ScoringandInterpretation Numberof Yes AnswersStressCategory 6 20Highstress3 5Averagestress0 2Lowstress Questionnaire BR3 1 Warm upQuestions Readthefollowingshortpassageanddiscussthequestions II BR3 2 Whatdoyouthinkkeeppeopleinsomecountriessobusy 2 Whatmightbetheacute majorproblemsfacingpeopletoday 3 Comparedwithpeople slifeinancienttimes whathavenewtechnology theinformationexplosionandrisingeconomyreallybroughttous 1 Tension Physical mental emotional2 Healthproblems Physical mentalandemotionaldiseases3 Ecologicalpollution Ruptureinozonelayer4 Disturbedfamilyrelations5 Violenceandcruelty6 Corruption Dishonesty Immorality7 Drug addiction8 Neglectoflaw orderandethical moralandsocialdiscipline9 Armaments Nuclearweapons Militarism consumerindustrieseditorofthe wherehehasbeenamemberoftheeditorialstaffsince1983 BR4 1 RichardTomkins FinancialTimes FinancialTimesincludesbusinessandfinancialnewsandanalysis Toknowitbetter logonthefollowingwebsite RichardTomkins BR4 2 Technology Manyhistoriansofsciencearguenotonlythattechnologyisanessentialconditionofadvanced industrialcivilizationbutalsothattherateoftechnologicalchangehasdevelopeditsownmomentuminrecentcenturies Innovationsnowseemtoappearataratethatincreasesgeometrically withoutrespecttogeographicallimitsorpoliticalsystems Theseinnovationstendtotransformtraditionalculturalsystems frequentlywithunexpectedsocialconsequences Thustechnologycanbeconceivedasbothacreativeandadestructiveprocess II BR4 3 StressintheWorkplace II GR main 1 PartDivisionoftheText 2 FurtherUnderstanding ForPart1 ForPart2 GlobalReading Scanning BlankFilling ForPart3 ForPart4 TrueorFalse TableCompletion QuestionsandAnswers GR1 1 PartDivisionoftheText Part Lines MainIdeas 1 2 1 47 48 83 Theauthorgivesthreereasonswhywefeelsotime pressedtoday Noteveryoneistime stressed andinthecaseofAmericanstheyhaveactuallygainedmorefreetimeinthepastdecade GR1 2 PartDivisionoftheText Part Lines MainIdeas 3 4 84 106 107 124 Theperceptionoftime faminehastriggeredavarietyofreactions Theauthorpinsdownthecrux 症结 oftheproblemandputsforwardaremedyforthestresswefeel GR part1 1 1 Scanning Scanpartoneandfindoutthreereasonswhywefeelsotime pressedtoday Andmakeanoteofthetransitionaldevicesusedthere Technology 1 2 3 Informationexplosion Risingprosperity Transitionaldevices apart asecondreason Para 7 Thereisanotherreason Para 11 1 2 GR part1 2 1 BlankFilling Factsarevaluableasevidencethatenhancesthepersuasiveforceofanargumentativepaper Instatingthefirstreason theauthorlistsanumberoffactstotrytoconvincethereadersoftheunfavorableeffectstechnologyhashadonourlives Nowcouldyoufindsomemoresupportingfactsapartfromtheonegivenbelow andputthemdown GR part1 2 2 Themotorcarbringsmoretrafficproblemsthanitpromisestosolve Theaircraftcreatesahighdemandfortime consumingjourneysthatweneverdreamedof 1 Thewashingmachine contrarytoourexpectations multipliesthehoursspentonwashingandironing BlankFilling Technologyproducesthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes e mailsandvoicemails TechnologyeatsfurtherintoourtimebyforcingustohandlesoftwareglitchesoncomputersandfillingourheadswithuselessinformationfromtheInternet 2 3 4 5 6 Insteadofmakingourliveseasier technologygoessofarastocramextraworkintoourleisuretime GR part2 1 1 TrueorFalse 1 Itisconvenienttosaywearealllackingintime F 2 About50percentofpeoplewilltellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone F GR part2 1 2 TrueorFalse 3 IntheU K workinghourshaverisenonlyslightlyinthelast10years T 4 Thegainsoffreetimewereunevenlydistributedonlybecausedifferentgroupsofpeoplegaineddifferentamountoffreetime F GR part3 1 1 Fillinthechartwithavarietyofreactionsprovokedbytheperceptionofthetimefamineandthetroublewithallthesereactions Payattentiontothetransitionaldevices too Anattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftime Tryingtobuytime Reaction1 Reaction2 Thegrowthofthework lifedebate Reaction3 TableCompletion GR part3 1 2 Fillinthechartwithavarietyofreactionsprovokedbytheperceptionofthetimefamineandthetroublewithallthesereactions Payattentiontothetransitionaldevices too Liberatingtimeisuselessifthehoursgainedareimmediatelydivertedtootherpurposes 1 Oneis Para 19 2 also Para 21 3 Athirdreaction Para 22 Trouble TransitionalDevices TableCompletion GR part4 1 1 1 Whatisthecruxoftheproblemtheauthorpointsout Theauthorpointsoutthetimestresswefeelarisesnotfromashortageoftime butfromthetoomanythingswetrytodo 2 Whatisremedyforthestressaccordingtotheauthor sopinion Apossibleremedyisthatweshouldunderstandtheproblemandrealizethatitisnotmoretimeweneed itisfewerdesires QuestionsandAnswers Afterreading Main 1 Vocabulary 2 Dictation 3 Discussion 4 TalkaboutthePictures 5 WritingPractice AfterReading UsefulExpressions Scanning 6 ProverbsandQuotations After 1 useful 1 UsefulExpressions 1 吞噬 2 困于交通堵塞 3 越洋购物旅行 4 在大多数情况下 5 使 摆脱 eatinto stuckintrafficjams thetransatlanticshoppingexpedition inmostcases freesb from After 1 useful 2 6 个人的穿着打扮 7 处理软件故障 8 除去技术发展 9 信息爆炸 10 从世界各个角落 personalgrooming fixsoftwareglitches technologyapart theinformationexplosion fromeverycorneroftheworld UsefulExpressions After 1 useful 3 11 在整个世界学术界 12 在 的推动下 13 适用于 14 预测小组 15 分配不均匀 inthewholeworldofscholarship drivenonby applyto forecastinggroup beunevenlydistributed UsefulExpressions After 1 useful 4 16 抚养子女 17 做有报酬的工作 18 家务杂活 19 越做越大的市场 20 家政服务 nurtureoffspring takepayingjobs householdchores agrowthmarket conciergeservices UsefulExpressions 21 更充分地利用 makebetteruseof 22 工业革命 industrialrevolution 23 注定 bedoomedto After 1 scanning 1 1 Scanthetext circleallphrasescontainingahyphen andthenexplaintheirmeaningsandhowtheyareformed 1 ever increasingquantitiesoftime Para 1 2 horse drawncarriage Para 3 3 time consumingjourneys Para 4 4 thelaptop on the beachsyndrome Para 6 5 feeltime pressed Para 7 6 ever largerquantitiesofgoodsandservices Para 11 thequantitiesoftimeincreasingallthetime thecarriagedrawnbythehorse journeysconsumingtime thesyndromecausedbygoingtothebeachwithalaptop thequantitiesofgoodsandservicesthatbecomelargerandlarger feelthepresscausedbythelackoftime Scanning After 1 scanning 2 7 betime starved Para 12 8 theLondon basedHenleyCenter Para 14 9 beself imposed Para 14 10 hour by hourlogs Para 15 11 themid 1960s Para 16 12 empty nesters Para 17 belackingintime theHenleyCenterwithitsheadquarterlocatedinLondon beimposedbyone sown logswrittenatdifferenthours themiddleofthe1960s Scanning peoplewithoutoffsprings After 1 scanning 3 Scanning 13 pre schoolchildren Para 17 14 on lineretailers Para 21 15 work lifedebate Para 22 16 long hoursculture Para 22 17 family friendlyworkingpolicies Para 22 18 thecell phone Para 28 childrenbeforeenteringtheschools retailersshoppingonline debateon whichtochoose workorlife thetraditiontoincreasetheworkinghours thepoliciesusedintheworkingplacestotreatemployeesinafriendlywaylikemembersinafamily themobilephone After 1 scanning 4 2 Makewordswiththefollowingprefixesorpatterns 1 ever 2 self 3 pre 4 adj n ed5 adv v ed ever green ever lasting ever more self control self made self educated pre history pre mature pre recorded blue eyed simple minded left handed well informed much used poorly dressed Scanning After 2 dication 1 Dictation StudentsOfferInsightintoExam timeStress weekmeansdifferentthingstodifferentstudents Forsomestudents examsarenosweat 不费力地 First yearbusinessstudentJoeTirpaksaid Idon tletexamsstressmeoutbecauseI mI masasIcanbe Forothers isthekeytotheirexamjitters 神经过敏 Second yearmarinesciencestudentZacDuvalsaid Havingayearofexperiencehashelpedmeknowhowtomytimeandbewell prepared Finals confident well prepared experience gettingover schedule II After 2 dictaion 2 Dictation Thenthere stheofstudentsonwhoacquirethatsweaty wild eyedlookfromspendinghourshunched 弓起背部 overabookunderahotdesklamp First yearsportsmanagementstudentSteveMcMenaminsaidhe susuallyoneofthosestudents I mthinkingI llbespendingalotoftimeonmyporch 走廊 studying hesaid Theproblemofstressisnotanewone majority campus sleepless stressed out After 3 discussion 1 Readtheshortpassageanddiscussthefollowingquestionsinsmallgroups II Discussion After 3 discussion 2 1 Whatisyourattitudetowarddesire 2 Whatmotivatesustodesire 3 Putforwardyouropinionaboutheatofcarsandhousespurchaseamongyoungpeople Discussion After 4 pictures 1 TalkaboutthePictures After 4 pictures 2 TalkaboutthePictures Clickthepicturetoreturn After 4 pictures 3 TalkaboutthePictures Clickthepicturetoreturn After 4 pictures 4 TalkaboutthePictures Clickthepicturetoreturn After 4 pictures 5 TalkaboutthePictures Clickthepicturetoreturn After 4 pictures 6 TalkaboutthePictures Clickthepicturetoreturn After 4 pictures 7 TalkaboutthePictures Clickthepicturetoreturn After 5 1 WritingPractice 1 Lookatthecaricature andA describethepictureaccordingtoacertainorder B thinkaboutthepossiblemorals 2 Writeacompositionofabout200words titled HealthorWealth basedonthefollowingChineseoutline 1 提出两种对健康和财富取舍的不同观点 2 列举出支持这两种观点的理由 3 你的观点 Model After 5 2 WritingPractice After 6 1 ProverbsandQuotations Thegreaterwealthiscontentmentwithalittle Toomuchcuriositylostparadise Betteralittlefiretowarmus thanagreatfiretoburnus Wealwayshavetimeenough ifwewillbutuseitaright JohannWolfgangvonGoethe Germanpoet 人生最大的财富是知足 太多好奇心 逐出天堂门 宁要小火烘烤 不要大火烧焦 只要我们能善用时间 就永远不愁时间不够用 德国诗人J W 歌德 5 Wemustdealwithpleasureaswedowithhoney onlytouchthemwiththetipofthefinger andnotwiththewholehandforfearofsurfeit SaintBede Britishbishop6 Ourlifeisfritteredawaybydetail Simplifyit simplifyit HenryDavidThoreau Americanwriter After 6 2 ProverbsandQuotations 我们应该像吃蜂蜜那样对待享受 只用指尖蘸 而不是用整只手去抓 以免吃得太多 英国主教圣比德 我们的生活都被琐事浪费掉了 简单点 简单点 美国作家H D 梭罗 Article1 OldFatherTimeBecomesaTerrorOnceuponatime technology wethought wouldmakeourliveseasier Machineswereexpectedtodoourworkforus leavinguswithever increasingquantitiesoftimetowasteawayonidlenessandpleasure Butinsteadofliberatingus technologyhasenslavedus Innovationsareoccurringatabewilderingrate asmanynowarriveinayearasoncearrivedinamillennium Andaseachinventionarrives iteatsfurtherintoourtime Article2 S Themotorcar forexample promisedunimaginablelevelsofpersonalmobility Butnow trafficincitiesmovesmoreslowlythanitdidinthedaysofthehorse drawncarriage andwewasteourlivesstuckintrafficjams Theaircraftpromisednewhorizons too Thetroubleis itdeliveredthem Itsveryexistencecreatedademandfortime consumingjourneysthatwewouldneverpreviouslyhavedreamedofundertaking thetransatlanticshoppingexpedition forexample orthetriptoaconventionontheothersideoftheworld Article3 Inmostcases technologyhasnotsavedtime butenabledustodomorethings Inthehome washingmachinespromisedtofreewomenfromhavingtotoiloverthelaundry Inreality theyencouragedustochangeourclothesdailyinsteadofweekly creatingseventimesasmuchwashingandironing Similarly theweeklybathhasbeenreplacedbythedailyshower multiplyingthehoursspentonpersonalgrooming Meanwhile technologyhasnotonlyallowedworktospreadintoourleisuretime thelaptop on the beachsyndrome butaddedthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes e mailsandvoicemails IthasalsoprovideduswiththeopportunitytospendhoursfixingsoftwareglitchesonourpersonalcomputersorfillingourheadswithuselessinformationfromtheInternet Article4 Technologyapart theInternetpointsthewaytoasecondreasonwhywefeelsotime pressed theinformationexplosion Acoupleofcenturiesago nearlyalltheworld saccumulatedlearningcouldbecontainedintheheadsofafewphilosophers Today thoseheadscouldnothopetoaccommodatemorethanatinyfractionoftheinformationgeneratedinasingleday Article5 S News factsandopinionspourinfromeverycorneroftheworld Thetelevisionsetoffers150channels TherearemillionsofInternetsites Magazines booksandCD ROMsproliferate Inthewholeworldofscholarship therewereonlyahandfulofscientificjournalsinthe18thcentury andthepublicationofabookwasanevent saysEdwardWilson honorarycuratorinentomologyatHarvardUniversity smuseumofcomparativezoology Now Ifindmyselfsubscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminuteproportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship Article6 S Thereisanotherreasonforourincreasedtimestresslevels too risingprosperity Asever largerquantitiesofgoodsandservicesareproduced theyhavetobeconsumed Drivenonbyadvertising wedoourbesttooblige webuymore travelmoreandplaymore butwestruggletokeepup SowesufferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance theconfusionofendlesschoice Ofcourse noteveryoneisoverstressed It saconvenientshorthandtosaywe realltime starved butwehavetorememberthatitonlyappliesto say halfthepopulation saysMichaelWillmott directoroftheFutureFoundation aLondonresearchcompany Article7 You vegotpeopleretiringearly you vegottheunemployed you vegototherpeoplemaybeonlyperipherallyinvolvedintheeconomywhodon thavethissituationatall Ifyou reunemployed yourproblemisthatyou vegottoomuchtime nottoolittle PaulEdwards chairmanoftheLondon basedHenleyCentreforecastinggroup pointsoutthatthefeelingof pressurescanalsobeexaggerated orself imposed Everyonetalksaboutitsomuchthatabout50percentofunemployedorretiredpeoplewilltellyoutheyneverhaveenoughtimetogetthingsdone hesays Article8 S It salmostgottothepointwherethere sstressenvy Ifyou renotstressed you renotsucceeding Everyonewantstohavealittlebitofthisstresstoshowthey reanimportantperson Thereisanotheraspecttoallofthistoo Hour by hourlogskeptbythousandsofvolunteersoverthedecadeshaveshownthat intheU K workinghourshaverisenonlyslightlyinthelast10years andintheU S theyhaveactuallyfallen evenforthoseinprofessionalandexecutivejobs wheretheperceptionsofstressarehighest Article9 S IntheU S JohnRobinson professorofsociologyattheUniversityofMaryland andGeoffreyGodbey professorofleisurestudiesatPennStateUniversityfoundthat sincethemid 1960s theaverageAmericanhadgainedfivehoursaweekinfreetime thatis timeleftafterworking sleeping commuting caringforchildrenanddoingthechores Thegains however wereunevenlydistributed Thepeoplewhobenefitedthemostweresinglesandempty nesters Thosewhogainedtheleast lessthananhour wereworkingcoupleswithpre schoolchildren perhapsreflectingthetrendforparentstospendmoretimenurturingtheiroffspring Article10 S Thereis ofcourse agenderissuehere too Advancesinhouseholdappliancesmayhaveencouragedwomentotakepayingjobs butaswehavealreadynoted technologydid notendhouseholdchores Asaresult weseeappallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetimebetweenthesexes AccordingtotheHenleyCentre workingfathersintheU K average48hoursoffreetimeaweek Workingmothersget14 Article11 S Inequalitiesapart theperceptionofthetimefamineiswidespread andhasprovokedavarietyofreactions Oneisanattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthesmallestpossibleinvestmentoftime Peopletodaywantfastfood soundbytesandinstantgratification Andtheybecomeupsetwhentimeiswasted Peopletalkaboutqualitytime Theywantperfectmoments saystheHenleyCentre sEdwards IfyoutakeyourkidstoamovieandMcDonald sandit snotperfect you vewastedanafternoon andit sasensethatyou velostsomethingprecious Ifyoulosesomemoneyyoucanearnsomemore butifyouwastetimeyoucannevergetitback Article12 S Peoplearealsotryingtobuytime Anythingthathelpsstreamlineourlivesisagrowthmarket OneexampleiswhatAmericanscallconciergeservices domestichelp childcare gardeninganddecorating Andon lineretailersareseeingbigincreasesinsales thoughnot asyet profits Athirdreactiontotimefaminehasbeenthegrowthofthework lifedebate Youhearmoreaboutpeopletakingearlyretirementorgivinguphighpressurejobsinfavourofoccupationswithshorterworkinghours AndbodiessuchasBritain sNationalWork LifeForumhavesprungup urgingemployerstoendthelong hourscultureamongmanagersandtoadoptfamily friendlyworkingpolicies AsGodbeypointsout thestresswefeelarisesnotfromashortageoftime butfromthesurfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit It sthekidinthecandystore hesays There sjustsomanygoodthingstodo Thearrayofchoicesisstunning Ourfreetimeisincreasin