英语写作常用名人事例.doc

BillGatesWhenBillGatesmadehisdecisiontodropoutfromHarvard,hedidnotcaretoomuchoftheresult.GatesenteredHarvardin1973,anddroppedouttwoyearslaterwhenheandAllenstartedtheengineofMicrosoft.ManypeopledidnotunderstandwhyGatesgaveupsuchagoodopportunitytostudyintheworldsNo.1University.However,withsizecomespower,MicrosoftdominatesthePCmarketwithitsoperatingsystems,suchasMS-DOSandWindows.Now,MicrosoftbecomesthebiggestsoftwarecompanyintheworldandBillGatesbecomestherichestmanintheworld.ThomasEdisonWecanlearnfromtheexperienceofthegreatinventorThomasAlvaEdisonthatsometimesaseriesofapparentfailuresisreallyaprecursortosuccess.ThevoluminouspersonalpapersofEdisonrevealthathisinventionstypicallydidnotspringtolifeinaflashofinspirationbutevolvedslowlyfrompreviousworks.MotherTeresaMotherTeresa,winneroftheNobelPeacePrize,dedicatedthemajorityofherlifetohelpingthepoorestofthepoorinIndia,thusgainingherthenameSaintoftheGutters.ThedevotiontowardsthepoorwonherrespectthroughouttheworldandtheNobelPeacePrizein1979.ShefoundedanorderofnunscalledtheMissionariesofCharityinCalcutta,Indiadedicatedtoservingthepoor.Almost50yearslater,theMissionariesofCharityhavegrownfrom12sistersinIndiatoover3,000in517missionsthroughout100countriesworldwide.DianaSpencerLadyDianaSpencer,PrincessofWhales,isrememberedandrespectedbypeopleallovertheworldmoreforherbeauty,kindness,humanityandcharitableactivitiesthanforhertechnicalskills.NelsonMandelaMandela,theSouthAfricanblackpoliticalleaderandformerpresident,wasawarded1993NobelPeacePrizeforhiseffortstoantiracismandantiapartheid.NelsonMandelaisoneofthegreatmoralandpoliticalleadersofourtime:aninternationalherowhoselifelongdedicationtothefightagainstracialoppressioninSouthAfricawonhimtheNobelPeacePrizeandthepresidencyofhiscountry.Sincehistriumphantreleasein1990frommorethanaquarter-centuryofimprisonment,Mandelahasbeenatthecentreofthemostcompellingandinspiringpoliticaldramaintheworld.AspresidentoftheAfricanNationalCongressandheadofSouthAfricasantiapartheidmovement,hewasinstrumentalinmovingthenationtowardmultiracialgovernmentandmajorityrule.Heisreveredeverywhereasavitalforceinthefightforhumanrightsandracialequality.BeethovenBeethoven,theGermanComposer,begantolosehishearingin1801andwasentirelydeafby1819.However,thisobstaclecouldnotkeephimfrombecomingoneofthemostfamousandprolificcomposersinarthistory.Hismusic,including9symphonies,5pianoconcertos,severalsenatesandsoon,formesatransitionfromclassicaltoromanticcomposition.GeorgeBushOnJanuary16,1991,PresidentBushorderedthecommencementofOperationDesertStorm,amassiveU.S.-ledmilitaryoffensiveagainstIraqinthePersianGulf.Inlate1992,BushorderedU.S.troopsintoSomalia,anationdevastatedbydroughtandcivilwar.ThepeacekeepingmissionwouldprovethemostdisastroussinceLebanon,andPresidentClintonabruptlycalleditoffin1993.JimmyCarterPresidentCarterspolicyofplacinghumanrightsrecordsattheforefrontofAmericasrelationshipswithothernationscontributedtoacoolingofColdWarrelationsinthelate1970s.In1980,forthefirsttimeinsevenyears,FidelCastroauthorizedemigrationoutofCubabythecountryscitizens.TheUnitedStateswelcomedtheCubans,butlatertookstepstoslowthetidewhenevidencesuggestedthatCastrowasusingtherefugeeflighttoemptyhisprisons.NevilleChamberlainIn1938,BritishPrimeMinisterChamberlainsignedtheMunichPactwithAdolfHitler,anagreementthatgaveCzechoslovakiaawaytoNaziconquestwhilebringing,asChamberlainpromised,peaceinourtime.ElevenmonthsafterthesigningoftheMunichPact,GermanybrokethepeaceinEuropebyinvadingPoland.AsolemnChamberlainhadnochoicebuttodeclarewar,andWorldWarIIbeganinEurope.WinstonChurchillIntheearly1930s,ConservativeM.P.WinstonChurchillissuedunheededwarningsofthethreatofNaziaggressionfromhisseatonaHouseofCommonsbackbench.WithGermantanksracingacrossFrance,ChurchillspoketotheBritishpeopleforthefirsttimeasprimeminister,andpledgedastruggletothelastbreathagainstNaziconquestandoppression.Inthesummerof1940,thedemocraciesofcontinentalEuropefelltoGermanyonebyone,leavingGreatBritainaloneinitsresistancetoAdolfHitler.TheNazileaderwasconfidentthatvictoryagainstBritainwouldcomesoon,butChurchillprophesiedotherwise,tellinghiscountrymenthattheBattleofBritainwouldbetheirfinesthour.BillClintonIn1994,PresidentClintonauthorizedamilitaryoperationtooverthrowHaitismilitarydictatorsandrestoreitsdemocraticallyelectedleader.Ontheeveofinvasion,bloodshedwaspreventedwhenformerpresidentJimmyCarterbrokeredanagreementwithHaitisleadersinwhichtheypledgedtogiveuppower.DwightD.EisenhowerOnJune5,1944,thesupremeAlliedcommanderorderedcommencementoftheD-Dayinvasion,thelargestcombinedsea,air,andlandmilitaryoperationinhistory.Eisenhowertoldthe3millionmenoftheAlliedExpeditionaryForce,Theeyesoftheworldareuponyou!In1956,Israel,Britain,andFranceinvadedEgyptinprotestofitsnationalizationoftheSuezCanal.TheU.S.S.R.andtheUnitedStates,bothvyingforgreaterinfluenceintheMiddleEast,forcedthethreenationstoendtheiroccupationofthestrategiccanal.PrincessesElizabethandMargaretDuringtheBattleofBritain,thechildrenofKingGeorgeVIdeliveredaradioaddresstoBritishchildrenwhohadbeenevacuatedabroad.PrincessesElizabethandMargaret,liketheirparents,weatheredthedarkdaysofWorldWarIIinBritain.GeraldFordNinedaysbeforethefallofSaigon,PresidentFordspokeontheresignationofSouthVietnamesePresidentThieu.Soonafter,theUnitedStateslaunchedamassivehelicopterevacuationoftensofthousandsofanticommunistSouthVietnameseandthelastfewAmericansremaininginthecountry.MohandasGandhiIn1931,Gandhi,thepoliticalandspiritualleaderoftheIndianindependencemovement,wasreleasedfromprisontoattendtheLondonRoundTableConferenceonIndiaasthesolerepresentativeoftheIndianNationalCongress.GorbachesleaderoftheU.S.S.R.,MikhailGorbachevwasagreatforceforpeace,evenatthecostoftheSovietgovernmentsdownfallafter74yearsinpower.AdolfHitlerAfewdaysbeforehisoccupationoftheSudetenland,aconfidentHitleraddressedaNazirallyatBerlinsSportpalaststadium,andreassuredthecrowdthatifwarcamewithBritainandFrancetheGermanWehrmachtwouldbevictorious.PopeJohnPaulIIIn1995,thepopeaddressedtheUnitedNationsontheoccasionofits50thanniversary.ReaffirminghissupportoftheidealsandgoalsoftheU.N.,hepraisedtheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRightsandcalledfortheU.N.tobecomethemoralcenterofafamilyofnations.NikitaKhrushchevandRichardNixonInadefiningmomentoftheColdWar,VicePresidentNixonandSovietleaderKhrushchevengagedinanimpromptudebateaboutthemeritsanddisadvantagesofcapitalismandcommunism.Theexchange,whichtookplaceinMoscowinfrontofareplicaofasuburbanAmericankitchen,wasknownastheKitchenDebate.DouglasMacArthurOnSeptember2,1945,aboardtheUSSMissouriinTokyoBay,themostdestructivewarinhumanhistoryofficiallycametoanendasrepresentativesoftheJapanesegovernmentandmilitarysignedtheircountrysunconditionalsurrender.AfterclashingwithPresidentTrumanoverwarpolicy,MacArthurwasrelievedofhiscommandofU.N.forcesinKoreaandreturnedtotheU.S.forthefirsttimesincebeforeWorldWarII.Givenaheroswelcome,headdressedajointmeetingofCongress,wherehedeclared,Oldsoldiersneverdie,theyjustfadeaway.RichardNixonIn1973,afterfiveyearsoftalks,theUnitedStatesandNorthVietnamreachedapeaceagreementtoendU.S.involvementinVietnam.Twoyearslater,SaigonfelltoNorthVietnameseforcesandVietnamwasunifiedunderCommunistrule.RonaldReaganIn1984,Reagancalledforaninternationalbanonchemicalweapons.Sixyearslater,PresidentBushandSovietleaderGorbachevwouldsignahistoricagreementtoceaseproductionandbegindestructionofbothnationssizablereserves.In1987,duringavisittoBerlin,thepresidentmadeadramaticpleatoSovietleaderMikhailGorbachevtoteardowntheBerlinWall.Twoyearslater,Berlinerswoulddosoontheirownaccord.FranklinD.RooseveltThedayafterJapansattackonPearlHarbor,PresidentRooseveltaddressedajointsessionofCongress,andproclaimedDecember7adatewhichwillliveininfamy.Withonlyonedissent,CongressgrantedhisrequestforanofficialdeclarationofwaragainstJapan.Twomonthsbeforehisdeath,RooseveltmetWinstonChurchillandJosephStalinforthelasttimeatYaltaintheU.S.S.R.TheBigThreeleadersdiscussedmilitaryconsiderationsinthewaragainstGermanyandJapan,andcompromisedontheirvisionsofthepostwarworldorder.TitoIn1963,Tito,theindependent-mindedcommunistleaderofYugoslaviasince1945,visitedtheUnitedStatesduringatouroftheAmericas.HarryTruman ThreedaysafterthebombingofHiroshima,PresidentTrumanwarnedJapanoffurtheratomicattacksuntilitsurrendered.Whennoanswercame,heauthorizedthedroppingofasecondatomicbombonNagasaki.Sixdayslater,Japansurrendered.In1949,TrumansignedtheNorthAtlanticTreatywith10EuropeannationsandCanada-establishingtheNATOmilitaryalliance.ConfuciusConfucius,551B.C.479B.C.NootherphilosopherintheworldhashadmoreenduringinfluencethanConfucius.Forovertwothousandyearshisconceptofgovernment,andhisideasaboutpersonalconductandmorality,permeatedChineselifeandculture.Eventoday,histhoughtsremaininfluential.注：仔细看其中的否定比较句型，词汇的变化TherewaslittleinhischildhoodbackgroundtopredicttheremarkableprestigethatConfuciuseventuallyachieved.HewasborninasmallprincipalityinnortheasternChina,wasrearedinpoverty,andhadnoformaleducation.Throughdiligentstudy,however,heeducatedhimselfandbecamealearnedman.Forawhileheheldaminorgovernmentpost;buthesoonresignedthatpositionandspentmostofhislifeasateacher.Eventually,hismostimportantteachingsweregatheredtogetherintoabook,TheAnalects,whichwascompiledbyhisdisciples.注：and表示时间关系的句子，论语的说法。ThetwocornerstonesofhissystemofpersonalconductwereJenandLi.“Jen”mightbedefinedas“benevolentconcernforonesfellowmen.”“Li”isatermlesseasilytranslated;itcombinesthenotionsofetiquette,goodmanners,anddueconcernforvirtueratherthanwealth(andinhispersonallifeheseemstohaveactedonthatprinciple).Inaddition,hewasthefirstmajorphilosophertostatetheGoldenRule,whichhephrasedas“Donotdountoothersthatwhichyouwouldnothavethemdountoyou.”注：“己所不欲，勿施于人”的说法。Confuciusbelievedthatrespectandobedienceareowedbychildrentotheirparents,bywivestotheirhusbands,andbysubjectstotheirrulers.Buthewasneveradefenderoftyranny.Onthecontrary,thestartingpointofhispoliticaloutlookisthatthestateexistsforthebenefitofthepeople,nottherulers.Anotherofhiskeypoliticalideasisthataleadershouldgovernprimarilybymoralexampleratherthanbyforce.注：仔细观察这个段落的逻辑展开方式和连接词，可以模仿构造段落。Confuciusdidnotclaimtobeaninnovatorbutalwayssaidthathewasmerelyurgingareturntothemoralstandardsofformertimes.Infact,however,thereformswhichheurgedrepresentedachangefromandagreatimprovementoverthegovernmentalpracticesofearlierdays.注：仔细看破折号表示插入语的这句话。Atthetimeofhisdeath,Confuciuswasarespected,butnotyetgreatlyinfluential,instructorandphilosopher.Gradually,though,hisideasbecamewidelyacceptedthroughoutChina.Then,inthethirdcenturyB.C.,ShihHuangTiunitedallofChinaunderhisrule,anddecidedtoreformthecountryentirelyandmakeacompletebreakwiththepast.ShihHuangTithereforedecidedtosuppressConfucianteachings,andheorderedtheburningofallcopiesofConfuciusworks.(Healsoorderedthedestructionofmostotherphilosophicalworks.)注：焚书坑儒的故事MostConfucianbookswereindeeddestroyed,butsomecopiessurvivedtheholocaust,andafewyearslater,afterthedynastyfoundedbythe“FirstEmperor”hadfallen,Confucianismre-emerged.Underthenextdynasty,theHan,Confucianismbecametheofficialstatephilosophy,apositionitmaintainedthroughoutmostofthenexttwomillennia.注：灾难的表达法，用“新名词”引出对前一句话程度的解释的表达法。Indeed,formuchofthatperiod,thecivilserviceexaminationsinChinawerebasedprimarilyonknowledgeofConfucianclassics.Sincethoseexaminationswerethemainroutebywhichcommonerscouldentertheadministrationandachievepoliticalpower,thegoverningclassofthelargestnationonEarthwaslargelycomposedofmenwhohadcarefullystudiedtheworksofConfuciusandabsorbedhisprinciples.注：当时的公务员考试（表达法）Thisenormousinfluencepersisteduntilthenineteenthcentury,whentheimpactoftheWestcreatedrevolutionarychangesinChina.Then,inthetwentiethcentury,theCommunistPartyseizedpowerinChina.Itwastheirbeliefthat,inorderbothtomodernizeChinaandtoeliminateeconomicinjustice,itwasnecessarytomakeradicalchangesinsociety.AstheideasofConfuciuswerehighlyconservative,theCommunistsmadeamajorefforttoeradicatehisinfluence,thefirstsucheffortsinceShihHuangTi,22centuriesearlier.荷马(Homer)Greekepicpoet.TwoofthegreatestworksinWesternliterature,theIliadandtheOdyssey,areattributedtohim.参考事迹:菏马史诗的写作，不是由一个人一朝一夕所完成，而是在漫长的岁月里，由最初口头流传的民间歌谣，经过累世行吟诗人的加工，才逐步形成的一种环绕中心事件的叙事诗。在长期的流传中，经过不断增删，修饰，到公元前九到前八世纪左右，才由盲人诗人菏马整理定型。利用点：Thepeoplewhomakeimportantcontribu