高三英语基础知识复习备考资料(二).doc

龙泉驿区高三英语攻关小组高考英语基础知识第二、三轮复习备考资料 BOOK III 第 13 页 共 13 页 Module 1 Europe.高频单词必记1. _横过，穿过 (prep.) 2. _长筒靴，皮靴 (n.) 3. _面向，面对 (v.) 4. _山脉，范围，射程 (n.)5. _美术馆， 画廊 (n.) 6. _象征，符号 (n.) _7. _建筑师 (n.) 8. _计划，项目，工程(n.) 9. _雕刻，泥塑 (n.) 10. _发源地 (n.) 11. _文明 (n.) 12. _古代的 (adj.) 13. _在对面 (prep.) 14. _协议，契约 (n.) 15. _统治，治理 (v. ) 16. _领袖，领导人 (n.) 17. _代表 (n.) 18. _产品，农产品 (n.) _19. _大陆，洲 (n.) 20. _ 局面，处境，位置(n.) 21. _地理 (n.) .重点短语必背 1because 因为；由于2be known 作为而出名/闻名3ever 自从一直4 the coast 离海岸不远(的海上)5have common (with .) 与有共同点6in of 据；依照7. the other hand 另一方面；反过来说8.little _ little 一点点地；逐渐地.经典句型必会1Between France and Spain is another mountain range the Pyrenees. （当地点状语放在句首时，所引导的句子应用完全倒装）2Neither Amy nor Helen is English. （neither . nor . 连接两个主语时，谓语动词选择应遵循“就近原则”。 与之类似的还有There be句型; eitheror; not only but also; notbut; or）. Grammar1. Passive voice: present and past forms被动语态的现在式和过去式The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio GaudiAthens is known as the birthplace of western civilization构成：is/am/are+v.过去分词was/were+v.过去分词2. Subject and verb agreement主谓一致My family lives in Cardiff.The whole class is here. Function Describing location描述位置 In, on, between, in the middle of, on the coast of, off the coast of, on the left, on the right, in front of, behind, near, next to, opposite, above, below, in the south of, to the east of.课标话题：周围的环境（Personal environments）1. 欧盟和一些欧洲国家与中国在地理位置、文化、经济等方面的对比2. 能介绍国家所在地、首都、著名文艺建筑、文化和语言概况Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries.高频单词必记1 vt.测定；测量；评估2 n. (根据概率得出的)预期数额3 n. 位置4 n. 数字5 adj. 拥挤的6 n. 交换7 n饥饿 adj.饥饿的8 n贫穷 _ adj.贫穷的9 n发展_ v(使)发展，(使)成长 adj.发展中的 adj.发达的10 vt.教育；培养；训练 n教育11 n类似；相似 adj.相似的12 adj.不幸的；遗憾的 (反义词) adj.幸运的 n运气；命运13 adj.工业的 n工业14 adj. 受到污染的；被污染的 v. 污染 n. 污染 15 n. 娱乐 vt. 使娱乐；款待.重点短语必背 1up 达到；直到；到为止2 progress 取得进步3 the top of 在顶端4 the bottom of 在底部5make 努力6be connected 与有联系；与有关7make comparisons 对进行比较8be close 接近；靠近9increase . (以幅度)增加.经典句型必会1Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. (although引导让步状语从句)2Its an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age .(“of表特征的名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征)3Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. （while在此用作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意思是“然而，但是”）. GrammarLink words连词but, however, although, while. Function Making comparisons作比较 as many/much as, fewer/less than.课标话题：周围的环境（Personal environments）；社会(Society)1. 对国家、地区、城市和城镇进行比较2. 对人类社会发展的差异进行分析2. 描写自己的家乡，为家乡写一则广告Module 3 The Violence of Nature.高频单词必记1 n灾难2 vt. 引起；导致3 vi. 发生4 vt. & n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击5 vt. 毁坏6 adj. 以前的7 n. & v. 损失；损害8 vt.埋葬 n埋葬；葬礼9 adj.猛烈的； 激烈的；强烈的 n暴力10 n(火山的)爆发，喷发 vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发11 n可能；可能性 adj.可能的12 adv.幸运地；幸亏 _ adj.幸运的 n幸运；运气 adj.不幸的；运气不佳的13 n警告 v警告； 注意14 vt. 经历n. 经历，经验 adj. 有经验的 15 adj.吓人的；可怕的 v使惊吓，使吓倒.重点短语必背 1pick 卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；(偶然)学会2take 去掉；脱掉；起飞；兴旺3 average 平均起来4end 结果为， 以结束5set fire set . fire 放火(焚烧)； 纵火烧6 fire 着火7put 扑灭(火)8 place 发生9 all 总共，总计.经典句型必会1. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. (leave宾语宾语补足语)2. When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. (there is/was the possibility of表示“有的可能性”). Grammar1 The past perfect passive过去完成时被动态（1） By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.（2） Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas. 构成：had been +v.过去分词2 Indirect speech间接引语陈述句sb. said that特殊疑问句sb asked who/what/when/where/why一般疑问句sb. asked if/whether. Function Giving a definition下定义.课标话题：自然（Nature）1. 常见自然灾害及其破坏性 2. 描述一场自然灾害的个人经历，包括爆发时间、地点、情形、经过、最后结果、造成的危害、人员财产损失情况、救灾工作等Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia.高频单词必记1 adj.大量的；大规模的2 n. 战役；活动3 n. 进程；过程4 n. 环境5 v. 重新利用；再循环6 n. 根据；证明7 adj. 紧急的8 adv. 绝对地；完全地9 adj.吓人的；可怕的 vt.吓唬；使害怕 n恐惧；害怕10 n力量；力气 v加强 adj.强壮的11 adj.主要的；多数的 n大多数12 vi.抱怨；发牢骚 n抱怨13 n保护 v保护14 n. 化学药品 n. 化学 n. 化学家；药剂师 15 adj. 关心的；担心的 n. & v. 关心，担心 .重点短语必背 1cut 砍倒；减少，缩减2be caught 突然遭遇(风暴等)3one another 一个接一个地4have a bad effect 对有坏影响5take 吸收；欺骗；理解6give 放出；发出7 a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲8look 浏览；翻阅；翻找.经典句型必会1They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. (so .that .引导结果状语从句)2Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification”(sb. / sth. appears to do sth.某人/某物似乎做某事. 注意采用不定式的正确形式。本句为不定式完成式。)3The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. （if possible是if it is possible的省略形式。类似的还有if /when necessary, when possible等）. Grammar1. The different types of infinitive不定式的各种形式to do, to be done, to be doing, to have done, to have been done2. Expressions with but+ infinitive“but+不定式”结构I cant (help) but agree.We do nothing but talk about it.Function Expressing strong opinions 表达强烈的情感I couldnt agree with you more.It couldnt be worse.课标话题：世界与环境(The world and the environment): 1.描述环境污染及给人们生活带来的不良影响2. 能对减少污染、保护环境提出合理的建议Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China.高频单词必记1 n 秩序2 n. 原则；准则3 n. 职位4 vt. 强调5 vi. 辞职6 n. 状况；条件；环境7 n哲学家 n哲学8 n思想家 vi.思考 n思想9 n顾问 v建议 n建议10 adj.有影响的 n& vt.影响11 n诚实 adj.诚实的12 n公正 adj.公正的_ adv.正好，恰好；仅仅，只是；刚才13 vt.发明 n发明 n发明家14 n争论；辩论；议论 v争论；争辩15 adj. 平等的 n. 平等16 n. 贡献 v. 贡献.重点短语必背 1be war with与交战2bring 养育；抚养；呕吐3become interested 对感兴趣4be proud of/take pride 为自豪5 conclusion 总之6 the first time 第一次7wake 叫醒.经典句型必会1. Treat others in the way you want to be treated. (way“方式，方法”，作先行词时，若从句中需要方式状语，用in which，that或省略关系词的形式引导定语从句)2Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. （“the reason why . is that .”中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句）3. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. （where引导的定语从句修饰先行词state，类似的先行词还有situation, position, stage, case, point等）. GrammarDefining attributive clauses限制性定语从句(1).Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.(2) But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.(3) It is the country in which silk was first invented.(4) He is a man of whom China can be proud.注意关系代词做介宾，介词可前置的现象。. Function Giving reasons陈述理由Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from the animals is that man is good.课标话题：1. 历史与地理（History and geography）（1） 中国古代的伟大发明（2） 中国古代思想2.能描述某一现代发明物、阐述其有利和不利之处Module 6 Old and New.高频单词必记1 n建筑物； 结构2 vi. 始于(某一历史时期)3 vt. 发(电)4 adj. 狭窄的5 vt. 迁移；搬迁6 adj. 荒唐的；可笑的7 adj. 巨大的；庞大的8 vi. (飞机)失事；坠毁9 n(土木)工程 n工程师10 vt.容纳(乘客等) n住宿，工作场所11 n建造；建设；建筑 vt.建设；建造12 adj.全球的 n球状物；(the)地球13 n观察台 vt.观察 _ n观察14 adj.历史的；有关历史的 adj.具有历史意义的 n历史15 adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的 adj.凝固的；冻僵的 v使凝固.重点短语必背 1.date _ 起源于；始于2work 算出；解决3dream 梦想，渴望4 that 既然，由于5hold 阻止6 true (梦想等)变成现实7provide . 为提供8 sense 有意义；有道理9bring _ to 结束；终止.经典句型必会1It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.(it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.为真正的主语)2Is it possible to see the relics now that they have been submerged? (Is it possible to do .？做有可能吗? ). Grammar1. Non-defining attributive clauses非限制性定语从句2. Contraction of attributive clauses定语从句的缩略形式 (1). I met a man my grandfather worked with for thirty years.(2). I visited the house my grandparents used to live in.(3). The people living in the village have moved to other places. Function Adjectives expressing strong feelings表达强烈感情的形容词enormous, fascinating, wonderful, freezing, astonished, excellent, boiling, ridiculous, exhausted, delighted.课标话题：周围的环境(Personal environments)1. 制作新闻简报，描述家乡的巨大变化 2. 能简要介绍著名建筑工程3. 撰写电子邮件 BOOK IVModule 1 Life in the Future.高频单词必记1 adj. 替换的；供选择的2 n. 命令；指令3 n. 娱乐；消遣4 n. 费用；价钱5 adv. 最后；终于6 vt. 造成形状7 n. 预测 vt. 预言；预料8 _ adj.危险的；冒险的 n& v. 危险；冒险9 vi. 依赖；依靠 adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的10 n. 罪犯；犯人 n罪；罪行11 vt. 供给动力 n力 adj. 强有力的；权力强大的 12 adv.无疑地；确定地 adj. 清楚的；明确的13 n. 失去能力；伤残 v. 使人丧失能力；使残废 adj. 残废的；有残疾的14 vt. 系；贴；连接 n. 喜爱；附件15 adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的 n. 乐观主义.重点短语必背 1run (某物)用完；不多了；没有了2rely 依靠3 an order/orders 订购4use 用完5 sure 肯定地6get rid 除掉；处理掉7free of 免费8look 小心；当心.经典句型必会1Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. (no matter where 引导让步状语从句表示“无论在什么地方都”，此时可替代为wherever.)2Im too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future! (too . to do sth. 太而不能做某事)3Not all predictions come true. (not all. 表示部分否定). Grammar The future continuous将来进行时Where will we be living in twenty years time?We wont be living underground or in space. Function Ways of talking about the future谈论未来What will the city of the future look like?Theyre going to get bigger before they get smaller. 课标话题： 个人情况(Personal information)；计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)1. 对未来的城市的环境描述2. 能描述对未来的生活状况的预测3. 能谈论自己未来的梦想和计划Module 2 Traffic Jam.高频单词必记1 vt. & n展示；陈列2 n. 收据3 n. 车费4 n. 目的地；终点5 vt. 提供6 vi. 反应7 n. 解答；答案8 n. 心情；心境9 vt. & n. 限制 adj. 有限的 (反义词) adj. 无限的10 adj. 方便的 n. 方便，便利11 vt. 探索 n探索者_n探索12 n. 执照；登记 vt.记录，登记13 n. 执照；许可证 n. 许可 v. 许可14 adj. 给人印象深刻的 n. 印象 v. 给留下印象.重点短语必背1be connected 与相连2be/get in 被困在3 no time 马上；一会儿；立刻4 around 到处旅行；四处走动5 construction 正在建设之中6switch 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)7keep 保持冷静8 way (俚语)肯定不；没门儿.经典句型必会1Its a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese. (have . done 意为“让被做”。使役动词接过去分词做宾补。)2You should not only listen to the teachers and your classmates pronunciation, but also to tapes and broadcasting. (not only . but also . “不但而且”，连接两个并列成分)3A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. 此句中suggest 意为“表明，暗示”，其后从句用陈述语气；意为“建议”时，其后从句用虚拟语气，即(should) do. GrammarImperatives祈使句Turn right.Dont go faster than 90 kph. Function Giving advice 提出忠告 You should Make sure you Its a good idea to Why not?/Why dont you. 课标话题：日常生活(Daily routines); 旅游与交通(Travel and transport)1. 拥挤的交通、交通堵塞现象2. 描述本地的交通状况3. 能针对交通拥挤现象，提出解决问题的办法Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication.高频单词必记1 adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的2 n. 协议；交易3 vt. 包括4 vi. 张开5 v. 恐慌；惊慌6 n. 请求；要求7 n. 恩惠；善意的行为8 adj. 现场的9 n. 交流；沟通 vi 交流10 adj. 正式的 (反义词) adj. 非正式的11 n. 判断；意见 v. 判断12 n. 平等 adj. 公平的13 adj. 有感染性的 vt. 传染 n. 传染，影响14 vi. 变化 n. 变化，多样化，种类 adj. 易变的；变化的_adj. 各种各样的；多方面的15 adj. 无意的；不知不觉的 adj. 意识到的；自觉的.重点短语必背 1 guard(保持)警惕2make a 达成协议；做成交易3hold 举起4give 暴露(自己的情况)5lift 举起6up and 一上一下地7 accident 偶然地8say hello 向问好.经典句型必会1One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread.(palm outwards and five fingers spread 为独立主格结构作状语)2When in Rome, do as the Romans do. (when in Rome 为状语从句的省略形式)3Body language is fascinating for anyone to study.(此句为“主语系动词形容词不定式”结构，不定式用主动表示被动)类似的还有:主语+be+ pleasant/comfortable/easy/difficult/ hard/nice+ to do . Grammar1. Adverbial clause of condition条件状语从句 (1) If you meet someone you usually shake his/her hand.(2) Unless youre very unlucky youll soon think of something.2. Adverbial clause of concession让步状语从句 (1) Whatever you do, dont leave immediately after the meal is finished.(2) However hungry you are, you shouldnt start to eat before your host does. Function Giving advice You should You shouldnt You must You mustnt. 课标话题：日常活动(Daily routines)1. 日常生活中的非言语交际及其意义 2. 回复邀请信函Module 4 Great Scientists.高频单词必记1 adj. 主要的2 n. 人物3 vt. 出版4 vt. 支持5 vt. 改变；转换6 vt. 取代；以代替7 n. 数量8 vi.(烟雾)消散9 vi.逃跑；逃避10. adj. 农业的 n. 农业11 adj. 原来的；最初的 n. 起源12 vi. 毕业 n. 毕业13 vi. 爆炸 _n. 爆炸；爆炸声14 adj. 个人的 n. 人格；个性15 vt. 教育 n. 教育 n. 教育家.重点短语必背1.bring 培养；养育2as a result 由于的结果3be known 因而出名/闻名4earn ones 谋生5come power 掌权6. have/make a 取得突破；攻破7the key to sth. 做某事的关键8experiment 对进行实验.经典句型必会1He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly. (不定式短语to have more rice and to produce it more quickly在句中作表语)2Soon the Mongols learned how to m