地理地质学 托福听力分类词汇.doc

地理地质学词汇radiate辐射molecule分子coal煤drilling钻井gas hydrate天然气水合物tidal潮汐的mud泥gravity重力front锋（指冷热空气团交汇线）gulf海湾air masse气团ozone臭氧albedo星体反照率geysers间歇泉eject喷出avalanche雪崩crust地壳hemisphere 半球fumarole火山区的喷气孔carbon dioxide二氧化碳mantle地幔meridian子午线 / 经线core地核parallel平行圈continental crust大陆地壳latitude纬线oceanic crust 海洋地壳longitude经线 / 经度layer / stratum地层elevation海拔stratigraphy地层学altitude高度 / 海拔fault断层horizon地平线fault plane断层面equator赤道fault zone断层带temperature latitudes温带地区rift / crack / split断裂tropics热带地区disintegration / decomposition分解Arctic / the North Pole北极erosion腐蚀Antarctic / Antarctica 南极fossil化石the Antarctic Continent南极洲igneous rock火成岩the Antarctic Circle南极圈sedimentary rock沉积岩the Arctic Circle北极圈metamorphic rock变质岩aurora极光limestone石灰岩tropics of Cancer 北回归线granite花岗岩tropics of Capricorn 南回归线marble大理石international date line国际日期变更线lithosphere岩石圈time difference 时差magma / molten lava岩浆time zone时区quartz石英topography 地形 / 地形学mineral矿物plain平原ore矿石plateau / highland 高地deposit矿床lowland 低地rubble碎石basin盆地debris残骸oasis绿洲platinum白金/铂金enclave飞地silver银peaksummit山峰copper黄铜cordillera / ranges山脉aluminum铝carven / cave 洞穴tin锡terrain地域lead铅subterranean地底下zinc锌coastland沿海地区nickel镍coastline海岸线mercury汞/水银watershed分水岭sodium钠upper reaches上游gem宝石lower reaches下游diamond钻石tributary 支流emerald绿宝石deposit沉积ruby红宝石spring / fountain泉水glacier冰川iceberg 冰山glacial冰川的riverbed河床glacial epoch / age / period冰川期gulf / bay 海湾glacial drift冰渍waterfall 瀑布moraines冰碛cascade小瀑布；喷流iceberg冰山reef暗礁volcano火山tide湖水active volcano活火山torrent水的急流extinct volcano死火山tropical rain forest热带雨林dormant volcano休眠火山continental island大陆岛(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）volcanic island火山岛(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）coral island珊瑚岛eruption火山喷发islet小岛crater 火山口peninsular半岛caldera（开口较大的）火山口archipelago群岛depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地delta三角洲lava火山岩浆landlocked area内陆volcanic dust火山尘inland waterway内陆河volcanic ash火山灰subcontinent次大陆geyser间歇喷泉cliff山崖hot spring温泉valley山谷earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震hillside / mountain slope山坡seismic地震的continental shelf大陆架seismology地震学canyon / gorge峡谷magnitude震级channel / strait 海峡seismic intensity scale震烈度remote-sensing遥感的seismic wave地震波terrestrial地球的 / 陆地的transverse wave横波terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热longitudinal wave纵波terrestrial magnetism 地磁epicenter震中continental drift plate tectonic theory大陆漂移学说epicentral distance震中距sea-floor spreading海床扩展aftershock余震evaporation蒸发cataclysm灾变salinity含盐度tsunami / tidal / force海啸ocean bottom海床undersea landslide海底山崩sediment沉积物melt global warming全球逐渐变暖tropical热带的aquifer蓄水层temperate 温带的swamp沼泽frigid寒带的peat bog泥炭沼泽frost heaving冻胀现象Great Canyon大峡谷tundra苔原，冻原Nile River尼罗河fieldstone卵石Colorado river科罗拉多河the Mediterranean Sea地中海crumples zones地质缓冲地带the primeval forest原始森林bedrock岩床Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)bulge凸起物fjord峡湾Pompeii庞贝coral reef珊瑚礁precipice悬崖Chalk白垩纪eon世；纪；代cataclysm大洪水glacier冰河ridge山脊；分水岭Pangaea盘古大陆abyss深渊dune沙丘territory版图；领土；地域Lagoon咸水湖Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉stratigraphy地层学swampy沼泽aquifer地下蓄水层bedrock基岩calcite方解石canyon峡谷cave洞穴chamber腔，室temperate温和的terrestrial陆地的clay黏土compression压缩crack破裂，裂缝crystallize使结晶debris残骸deformation变形vegetation植被weather使风化deposit沉淀、押金、沉淀物ero