高考十二句作文法.doc

高考十二句作文法第一节：高考作文试题分析一高考作文试题分类 高考作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、对比选择型、问题解决型、观点论证型与应用文五种类型。（一）现象解释型此类作文在高考考试作文中最为常见。命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状；其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。例如：1现象解释高考真题（2011年6月）（二）对比选择型此类作文同样是高考考试中常见的类型，它的标志十分明显。作文题目要求较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考试比较两种观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。例如：（2000年6月，1999年6月）（三）问题解决型 此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。如2011年12月真题。（四）观点论证型 此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。如：2009年1月高考真题。（五）应用文 应用文中的信函，也是高考作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会读到一个特定的场景，试题要求考生按照这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。二解决方案1建议考生分解作文观点，扩充内容。2建议考生在写作时只选择自己能够驾奴的句式和词语。3建议考生在文章中长短句搭配使用，用短句表达观点，长句推理分析。4建议考生选用作文模板，限定文章逻辑结构。5建议考生采用固定的句式，限定文章的字数。第二节：写作技巧及作文结构安排一写作技巧。1根据文章大意判断作文题型。2各种题型的写作方法。现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进（限制）这种现象的进一步发展。对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由；阐述第二种（相对或相反的）观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由；表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。3三段式作文的结构安排题型第一段第二段第三段现象解释型描述现象说明现象产生的原因表明个人态度或阐述个人做法对比选择型表明一方或双方由的观点及理表明另一方的观点及理由，指出双方观点不足之处及理由表明个人态度或阐述个人做法问题解决型提出问题分析问题，给出解决方案表明个人态度或阐述个人做法观点论证型提出论点例证论点得出结论或表明个人看法或做法应用文描述事实阐述原因表明观点或提出建议第三节：十二句作文法写作模板一现象解释型写作模板1现象解释型模板一Tojpic sentence has become a common part of peoples life，which has always aroused the greatest concern.what impresses us most is that .The reasons that are varied.信息提示1空格内用概括性的词语填出最近出现的总体现象。2. .现象的具体表现3. 过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。4. Among the various reasons, plays an important role.5.That is to say, 6.What is more, 7.For example, 4描写原因之一。5. 具体说明原因一。6原因二。7 举例说明原因二8When talking about ， 9On the one hand， 10On the other hand, 11In brief, 8.空格一填作者要讨论的现象，空格二填作者的看法。9.支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面。10.理由二或第二个方面。11.总结。2现象解释型模板二1.We have witnessed that 2.According to ， 3.And 4.Many reasons contribute to 1空格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格一根据题目填the chart,thereport等，空格二内填现象的具体表现一。3.现象的具体表现二4.过度句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5. To begin with , . 说明：学生应学习用这些表示序列的词来表示第一，第二，第三6.Moreover, 7.In addition , 8.As a result , 5原因之一。6. 原因二。7原因三。8 原因导致的结果。9.As far as I am concerned, . 就我而言10.First of all, 11.Besides, 12.To conclude, 9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由一。11.理由二。12.总结。We have witnessed that college students vary in reading preference. According to the table of the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, the circulation of popular fictions and general nonfictions accounts for 65.9% and 18.2% respectively. And the table shows that the circulation of science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books is 10.8%and 5.1% respectively. Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon.To begin with, popular fictions usually possess more appealing plot than ther types of books do, so many readers are attracted by popular fictions. Moreover, popular fictions and general nonfictions are easier to be understood. In addition, science and art books demand certain knowledge in special field of study. As a result, more students tend to choose popular fictions and general nonfictions.As to me, Im in favor of books of science and technology. First of all, in order to deepen what Im leaning, I need read more books relevant to my major and observe the new development in science and technology circles. Besides, there books can also broaden my vision. To conclude, college students should choose books according to their interests and needs.3现象解释型模板三1. has been brought into focus.2.Nowdays, 3.In addition, .4.Many reasons contribute to1空格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格内填现象的具体表现一。3.现象的具体表现二4.过度句到分析原因。5. Generally speaking , .6.First of all, 7.More over, 8.Therefore , 5承上启下开始列举原因6. 原因之一。7 原因二。8 对原因一二进行总结。9.As far as I am concerned, 10.As we known , 11.Furthermore, 12.In a word, 9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由一。11.理由二。12.总结。此类型真题有2002年6月、1996年6月。二对比选择型作文模板1模板一1.Different people have different views on 2. Some people perfer, .3. Others tend to, .4.As to me, I agree with /to 1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2表明一部分人的看法。3另一部分的看法。4作者的看法。5. Of course, .6.For example, 7.But, 8.The following reasons can account for my preference 5承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性。6. 举例说明支持第五句。7 转折指出这种观点的不足。8 启下句过度到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由。9.The main reason is .10.A good example to illustrate is that 11.For another, 12. To conclude, 9.支持观点的理由一。10.举例说明理由一。11.理由二。12.总结全文，从长远看来。2002年6月真题：Is a test of spoken necessary? A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the English Test. Different people have different views on it. Some prefer to have such a test. Others tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English. As to me, I agree with the first idea.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long enough to fully display participants ability to spoken in English. For example, if a candidate draws a topic which he of she is not familiar with, its hard to show his or her command of spoken English. But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practise spoken English. The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances college students awareness of the importance of spoken English. A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability. For another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier. From the foregoing, I think a test of spoken English is of necessity. 2模板二1.There is no complete agreement among people as to 2. Some people consider, .3. However, others think, .4.Some people may say 5. They hold this opinion because .6. However, others believe, 7.They argue that, 8.Personally,I am in favor of the 9. Firstly, . 10.Secondly, 11.Most important of all 12.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/I may reasonably conclude that 1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2表明一部分人的看法。3另一部分的看法。4观点一的理由。5深入阐述观点一的理由。6. 观点二的理由。7 深入阐述观点二的理由。8 我的看法。9.个人看法依据一。10. 个人看法依据二。11. 个人看法依据三。12.总结全文。三问题解决型作文模板1模板一1. With the development/improvement of , .2. It is necessary that .3. On the one hand, .4. On the other hand, 5. Therefore, how to is worth paying attention.6.Firstly 7.Secondly 8.For example, 9. Thirdly, .10.In other words, 11.In fact, ways to are countless.12.Its high time that 1空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。2关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。3解决问题很必要的理由一。4解决问题很必要的理由二。5承上启下，填要解决的问题。6. 解决办法一。7 解决办法二。8. 举例解释解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 阐明解决办法三。11. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。12. 强调解决问题时不可待。2004年1月真题：Reduce Waste on CampusWith the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious. It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has already caused a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible. Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. For example, we should use a basin when we clean faces. Thirdly, we should be economical. In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need.In fact, the ways to reduce waste on campus are countless. Its time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way.2模板二1. There has been a discussion recently abouot.2. It is obvious that.3. Additionally, .4. So it is high time, 5. First of all, 6.The reason is7.Secondly8.That is to say,9. Thirdly, .10.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted,11.As for me, 12.All in all, 1提出现存的问题。2解决问题很必要的理由一3解决问题很必要的理由二。4承上启下，说明解决问题的必要性。5解决办法一6解决办法一的理由.。7解决办法二。8. 阐明解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。11. 小结解决问题的根本途径。12. 总结全文。Reduce Waste on CampusThere has been a discussion recently about waste on campus. It is obvious that a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity have been caused by waste. Additionally, our waste adds our parents and society a burden. So it is high time that we took actions to reduce the waste on campus.First of all, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes and dishes. The reason is that there is a great shortage of water in the word. Secondly, we should be economical. That is to say, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. Thirdly, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms so as to save electricity as much as possible.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. As for me, the cultivation of good habit of thrift is most important for all of us. All in all, every college student should join in the efforts to combat the waste on campus.四、观点论证型作文模板1模板一1. It is true that .2. However, .3.I think .4. can be listed as follow.5. First of all, 6. Secondly 7.For example 8.Thirdly, 9. A case in point is . （=For example）10.It goes without saying that （不言而喻，）11.There is no doubt that 12.In conclusion 1提出普遍存在地观点。2谈不同地观点。3自己地观点，即文章地论点4过度句，转折到观点地论证，由题目选择具体的词。5论证理由一6论证理由二。7举例具体说明理由二。8. 论证理由三。9. 举例说明理由三。10. 提出执行该观点时应注意的事项。11. 得出结论。12. 总结全文。It Pays to Be Honest （诚实有益）It is true that most of us value honesty highly. However, nowadays we often confront confidence crisis such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. I think that we should be honest because being honest is not only the whole society. The reasons can be listed as follows.Firstly, only honest people can be truly respected by the others and can make more friends over a long period of time. Secondly, honesty, which is the traditional virtue (传统美德) of the Chinese people, can make our life easier and more harmonious. For example, consumers will not be afraid of being overcharged if dealers are honest, and on the contrary dealers can win more customers. Thirdly, honesty can make our society. A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate.It goes without saying that being honesty is of benefit to both the whole and the individual. There is no doubt that we should foster the spirit of honesty. In conclusion, laying stress on honesty will become the public morals in our society.2模板二1. Some people believe that.2. The truth is deep and profound.3. As we know,.4. In addition,.5. There are numerous examples 6. A case in point is7.There is close to suggest8.For another example9.Moreover,.10.All mentioned above tell us11.But one thing we have to notice is that 12.In a word, 1直接提出本文的观点。2进一步强度观点的正确性。3论证理由一4论证理由二5承上启下。6举例一具体论证。7总结例一。8. 举例二具体论证。9. 举例三具体论证。10. 总结上下，重申论点。11. 指出该论点应注意什么。12. 总结全文。诚信的重要性 作文It Pays to Be HonestSome people believe that many dishonesties, such as cheating, overcharging, fake commodities, etc. ruin our normal life, and they maintain that being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to oneself. The truth is deep and profound. As we know, if one is honest, other people will deeply respect him or her, and are willing to make friends with him or her. In addition, being honest can make peoples life easier and more harmonious.There are numerous examples supporting the argument. A case in point is that Singapore which is a society of trustworthiness and integrity has a comparatively low criminal rate. This is close to suggest that honesty can make our society more stable, and all people can live a peaceful life there. For another example, buyers usually like to make a deal with the dealers they trust. Moreover, the dealer, such as Tongrentang Herbal Medicine Shop which runs business honestly is more likely survive the fierce market competition.All mentioned above tell us that it is high time that we took action to fight against dishonesty. But one thing we have to notice is that sometimes we need white lies to comfort the patients who have suffered serious illness. In short, we should let the dishonesty have no place to stay in our society.五应用文作文模板1建议信模板DateDear1. I am delighted to learn that . 2. It .3. In my opinion, .4. On the one hand, .5. On the other hand, 6. As to the , I suggest .7.If 8.It is unnecessary for you to 9. In addition, .10.I am sure 11.Please inform me 12.I am looking forward to Sincerely yours, Signature:1写信的原因。2引出作者的建议。3表达建议内容。4提出建议的理由一。5建议的理由二。6具体到某一方面的建议内容。7供被建议人选择的条件。8建议内容的另一方面。9其它的建议。10对建议内容的评价。11. 对建议内容所做出的承诺。12. 表达个人的愿望。A Letter to a SchoolmateJune 7th, 2001Dear Wang,I am delighted to learn that you will visit me for a week during this national days. It has been several years since we departed last time, and I am looking forward to your visit. In my opinion, Nanjing is your best choice for this holiday. On the one hand, there are many places of interest and historical sites in Najing. On the other hand, Nanjing is a cultural center with various artistic and musical performances.As to the famous sites, I suggest that you should visit the Confucius Temple and Dr. Sun Yetsens Mausoleum. If you are interested in parks, the XXX park will be your best choice. It is not necessary for you to bring anything except your sweaters since it is a little chill in the evening. In addition, as there will be many people at the railway station, you should not leave your belongings unattended! I am sure you will enjoy your visit in Nanjing.Please inform me once you have made your decision. I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Sincerely Yours, Zhang Ying. 2批评、抱怨、投诉信模板DateDear1. My name is.2. I am.3. I venture to write you a letter about.4. The focus of the complaint is.5. For one thing, 6. For another,7. Honestly speaking, 8.But9. Besides,.10. All in all, there is still much room for improvement.11.I do hope 12.Thank you for your time and kind consideration. Sincerely yours, Signature:1写信人的姓名。2写信人的身份。3表达抱怨的内容。4提出抱怨内容的核心点。5抱怨内容的一方面。6抱怨内容的另一方面。7客观的评论。8抱怨产生的原因一。9抱怨产生的原因二。10总结说明所抱怨现象或事物还有很大改进空间。11. 表达本人的愿望。12. 信件结尾的常用语。A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on CampusJan. 6th, 2002Dear Mr. President,My name is Li Ming. I am a junior student of the civil engineering school in this university. I I venture to write you a letter about the canteen service on campus, which has given rise to many complaints among students.The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. For one thing, the rice is very hard, the steamed breads are usually sold cold and vegetables are often overcooked. For another, the prices of the foods are surprisingly high. Honestly speaking, the dining environment has been improved since last year. But there are still not enough space and seats for us to have our meals there. Besides, the attitude of the canteen staffs is not hospitable at all.All in all, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope we will not suffer another year. Thank you for your time and kind consideration.Sincerely yours.Li.3、暑假简直求职申请信模板DateDear Mr. Manager,1. I am LiHua,a high school student . I will graduate from. 2. I have read an advertisement that your company is going to employ a few part-time wokers.3. I am applying for the job of .4. My training in team-work and communicating skill definitely meets your requirements.5. I also have some experience in 6. You will find that I am equal to the job.7. My complete resume is attached by this letter.8.May I have a personal interview at your convenience? 9.my telephone No. is 10. I am looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Signature:1自我介绍。2我看到招聘简直的广告。3我想申请应聘兼职。4介绍自己接受过的训练能满足公司的要求。5介绍自己的其他工作经历。6表明自己有信心能胜任这份工作7附上简历8问什么时候对方方便可以给与一个面试9留电话号码 10期待回复。以下是常用的几种信件1、感谢信十一期间(National Holiday)，你的同学晓璐邀请你到他家乡做客。你受到了他们一家人的热情款待，并且参观了很多漂亮的名胜古迹。请写一封感谢信给你的同学，主要包括如下内容： 1感谢同学的热情邀请； 2对他及家人的热情款待表示感激； 3表达他家乡的美景给你留下了深刻的印象； 4再次感谢他们一家人，并真诚地邀请你的同学到你家里做客。Dear Xiaolu, I am writing to thank for your having invited me to your home during this National Holiday. To begin with, I am very grateful for the hospitality you and your family showed to me. Moreover, the fantastic interested places in you homet