朗文词典注释所用2000核心词汇集.doc

朗文词典注释所用2000核心词汇集The Longman Defining VocabularyWords used in the definitions in this dictionaryAll the definitions in this dictionary have been written using the words in this list. If a definition includes a word that is not in the list, that word is shown in small capital letters.The Defining Vocabulary has been carefully chosen after a thorough study of all the well-known frequency lists of English words. Furthermore, only the most common and entral meanings of the words in the list have actually been used in definitions. We have also used a special computer program that checks every entry to ensure that words from outside the Defining Vocabulary do not appear in definitions. Word class restrictionsFor some words in the list, a word class label such as n or adj is shown. This means that this particular word is used in definitions only in the word class shown. So anger, for example, is used only as a noun and not as a verb. But if no word class is shown for a word, it can be used in any of its usual word classes: answer, for example, is used in definitions both as a noun and as a verb. Compound wordsDefinitions occasionally include compound words formed from words in the Defining Vocabulary, but this is only done if the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word businessman (formed from business and man) is used in some definitions. Prefixes and suffixesThe main list is followed by a list of common prefixes and suffixes. These can be added to words in the main list to form derived words, provided the meaning is completely clear. For example, the word nervousness (formed by adding -ness to nervous) is used in some definitions. Phrasal verbsPhrasal verbs formed by combining words in the Defining Vocabulary (for example, put up with) are not used in definitions in the dictionary, except in a very small number of cases where the phrasal verb is extremely common and there is no common equivalent. So, for example, give up (as in give up smoking) and take off (as in the plane took off) are occasionally used. Proper namesThe Defining Vocabulary does not include the names of actual places, nationalities, religions, and so on, which are occasionally mentioned in definitions. Pearson Education Limited 1999A total of 2043 words,by QxleeAaabbreviationabilityableaboutabove adv, prepabroadabsenceabsent adjacceptacceptableaccidentaccidentalaccording (to)account nachieveachievementacidacrossactactionactiveactivityactor, actressactualactuallyaddadditionadditionaladdressadjectiveadmirationadmireadmitadultadvancedadvantageadventure nadverbadvertiseadvertisementadviceadviseaffairaffectaffordafraidafter adv, conj, prepafternoonafterwardsagainagainstage nagoagreeagreementaheadaimair naircraftairportalcoholaliveall adv, pron, determiner, predeterminerallowalmostalonealongalphabetalreadyalsoalthoughalwaysamongamount namuseamusementamusinganancient adjandanger nangle nangryanimalannounceannoyannoyinganotheransweranxietyanxiousanyanyoneanythinganywhereapartapartmentappearappearanceappleapprovalapproveareaargueargumentarm narmyaroundarrangearrangementarrivalarriveartarticleartificialasas opposed toashamedaskasleepassociationatatomattackattemptattendattentionattitudeattractattractiveauthorityautumnavailableaverage adj, navoidawake adjaway advawkwardBbabyback adj, adv, nbackgroundbackward(s) advbadbag nbake vbalanceball nband nbank nbar nbase n, vbasicbasketbath nbattle nbebeach nbeakbeam nbeanbearbeatbeautifulbeautybecausebecomebedbeerbeforebeginbeginningbehavebehaviourbehind adv, prepbeliefbelievebellbelongbelowbelt nbendbeneathbeside(s)bestbetter adj, advbetweenbeyond adj, adv bicycle nbig adjbillbirdbirthbitbitebitter adjblack adj, nbladeblameblind adjblockbloodblowblueboard nboatbodyboilbombbone nbook nboot nborder nboredboringbornborrowbothbottle nbottom nbowl nbox nboybrain nbranch nbrave adjbreadbreak vbreakfast nbreastbreathbreathebreedbrickbridge nbrightbringbroad adjbroadcast vbrotherbrown adj, n brushbuild vbuildingbullet burnburst vburybusbushbusinessbusybut conjbutter nbutton nbuy vby prepCcake ncalculatecall vcalm adjcameracamp n, vcancapcapital ncarcardcarecarefulcarelesscarriagecarrycase ncastlecatcatch vcattlecauseceilingcelebratecellcentralcentre ncenturyceremonycertain adj, determiner chain nchair nchance nchangecharacterchargechase vcheapcheat vcheckcheek ncheerfulcheesechemicalchemistrychequechestchickenchiefchildchildrenchinchocolatechoice nchoosechurch ncigarettecinemacircle ncircular adjcitizencityclaim vclass nclayclean adj, vclear adj, vclevercliffclimb vclock nclose adj, adv, vclothclothesclothingcloud nclub ncoalcoast ncoat ncoffeecoin ncold adj, ncollar ncollect vcollegecolourcombcombinationcombine vcomecomfortcomfortablecommandcommitteecommon adjcommunicatecommunicationcompanycompare vcomparisoncompetecompetitioncompetitorcomplaincomplaintcompletecompletelycomplicatedcompound ncomputerconcern vconcerningconcertcondition nconfidenceconfidentconfuseconfusingconnectconnectionconsciousconsiderconsistcontaincontainercontinuecontinuouscontract ncontrolconversationcook n, vcopycorncorner ncorrect adj, vcostcottoncoughcould council ncount vcountry ncountrysidecouragecourse ncourt ncovercow ncrack n, vcrash n, vcrazycream ncreaturecrimecriminalcriticismcriticizecrop ncross n, vcrowdcruelcrush vcrycup ncupboardcurecurlcurrent ncurtain ncurvecustom ncustomercutcycle vDdaily adj, advdamagedancedangerdangerousdarkdate ndaughterdaydead adjdeal ndeal withdeathdebtdecaydeceivedecidedecisiondecoratedecorationdecreasedeep adjdefeatdefencedefenddefinitedefinitelydegreedelaydeliberate adjdeliberatelydelicatedeliverdemanddepartmentdependdependentdepthdescribe descriptiondesert ndeserve designdesirabledesiredeskdestroydestructiondetail ndeterminationdetermined developdictionarydie vdifferencedifferentdifficultdifficultydig vdinnerdirectdirectiondirtdirty adjdisappointdisappointingdiscoverdiscoverydiscussdiscussiondisease ndish ndismissdistancedistant dividedo vdoctor ndocument ndog ndollardoordouble adj, v, predeterminer doubtdown adv, prepdraw vdrawerdreamdress n, vdrinkdrive n, vdropdrug ndrum ndrunk pastpart, adjdryduck ndull adjduringdust ndutyEeacheagerearearlyearnearth neasteasterneasy adjeateconomicedge neducateeducatededucationeffect neffectiveefforteggeighteitherelbowelect velectionelectricelectricityelectronicelseembarrassembarrassingemotionemphasizeemploy vemployeremploymentempty adj, vencloseencourageendenemyenergyengineengineer nenjoyenjoyableenjoymentenoughenterentertainentertainmententrance nenvelopeenvironmentequal adj, nequipmentescapeespeciallyestablisheven adj, adveveningeventevereveryeveryoneeverythingeverywhereevilexact adjexactlyexaminationexamineexampleexcellentexcept conj, prep exchangeexciteexcitingexcuseexerciseexistexistenceexpectexpensiveexperienceexplainexplanationexplodeexplosionexplosiveexpress vexpressionextreme adjextremelyeyeFfacefactfactoryfail vfailurefair adjfairlyfaithfaithful adjfallfalsefamiliarfamilyfamousfarfarmfarmerfashion nfashionablefast adj, adv fastenfatfather nfault nfavourablefavourite adjfear nfeather nfeature nfeed vfeel vfeeling(s)femalefence nfeverfewfield nfifthfightfigure nfill vfilmfinal adjfinallyfinancialfind vfind outfine adjfinger nfinish vfirefirm adjfirst adj, determinerfishfit adj, vfivefix vflag nflame nflash n, vflat adjfleshflightfloat vfloodfloor nflour nflowflower nfly n, vfoldfollowfondfoodfoot nfootballfor prepforceforeignforeignerforest nforgetforgivefork nformformalformerfortunateforward(s) advfour(th)frame nfreefreedomfreeze vfrequent adjfreshfriendfriendlyfrightenfrighteningfromfront adj, nfruit nfull adjfunfuneralfunnyfur nfurniturefurther adj, advfutureGgain vgame ngarage ngardengas ngategather vgeneral adjgenerallygenerousgentlegentlemangetgiftgirlgive vgladglass adj, ngluego vgoatgodgoldgoodgoodbyegoodsgoverngovernmentgracefulgradualgraingramgrammargrand adjgrandfathergrandmothergrandparentgrass ngratefulgrave ngreat adjgreengreetgreetinggrey adj, nground ngroup ngrowgrowthguard vguess vguest nguideguiltygun nHhabithairhalfhallhammer nhand nhandlehang vhappen vhappyhardhardlyharmharmfulhathate vhatredhavehehead nhealthhealthyhearheartheatheavenheavy adjheel nheighthellohelphelpfulher(s)hereherselfhide vhigh adj, advhillhimhimselfhishistoricalhistoryhithold vholeholiday nhollow adjholyhome adv, nhonesthonour nhook nhopehopefulhornhorse nhospitalhot adjhotelhourhouse nhow advhumanhumoroushumourhundred(th)hungryhunt vhurryhurt vhusband nIice nideaifignoreill adjillegalillnessimageimaginaryimaginationimagineimmediatelyimportanceimportantimpressiveimproveimprovementin adv, prepincludeincludingincomeincreaseindependentindoor(s)industrialindustryinfectinfectioninfectiousinfluence vinforminformationinjureinjuryink ninnerinsectinsideinsteadinstitutioninstructioninstrumentinsult vinsultinginsuranceinsureintelligenceintelligentintendintentioninterestinterestinginternational adjinterruptintointroduceintroductioninventinvitationinvite vinvolveinwardsiron adj, nislandit pronitsitselfJjawjeweljewelleryjobjoinjointjokejourney njudgejudgementjuicejumpjust advjusticeKkeenkeep vkey nkickkill vkilokilogramkilometrekindkingkisskitchenknee nkneelknife nknock vknotknow vknowledgeLlackladylakelamblamplandlanguagelargelast adv, determinerlatelatelylaughlaughterlawlawyerlay vlayer nlazylead vleaf nlean vlearnleastleatherleave vleftleg nlegallendlength adv, pron, determinerlesslessonlet vlet go ofletterlevel adv, adj, nlibrarylidlielie downlifeliftlightlike prep, vlikelylimitline nlionlipliquidlist nlisten vliteraturelitrelittlelive vloadlocal adjlocklonelylong adj, advlook n, vlook afterlook forlook sth uploose adjlord nloselosslotloudlovelow adjlowerloyalloyaltyluck nluckylungMmachine nmachinerymagazinemagicmailmain adjmake vmake intomake up vmaleman nmanagemanagermannermanymap nmarch vmarkmarket nmarriagemarriedmarrymass nmatchmaterial nmathematicsmattermay vmemealmean vmeaning nmeansmeasuremeasurementmeatmedical adjmedicinemeet vmeetingmeltmembermemorymentalmention vmessagemetal nmethodmetremiddlemight vmilemiliary adjmilk nmillion(th)mindmine n, pron mineralminister nminute nmirror nmiss vmist nmistake nmix vmixturemodel nmodern adjmomentmoneymonkey nmonthmoon nmoral adjmoremorningmostmother nmotor adj, nmountain mousemouth nmove vmovementmuchmudmultiplymurdermuscle nmusicmusicianmust vmymysteriousmysteryNnailnamenarrow adjnastynationnational adjnatural adjnaturenavynear adj, adv, prepnearlyneatnecessaryneckneedneedle nnegative adjneithernerve nnervousnet nnetwork nnevernewnewsnewspapernext adj, advnicenightnineninthno adv, determinernoise nnone pronnonsenseno onenornormalnorthnorthernnose nnotnote nnothingnoticenoticeablenounnownowherenumber nnursenutOobeyobject nobtainoccasion noceanoclockofoff adv, prep offenceoffendoffensive adjofferofficeofficerofficialoftenoil noldold-fashionedon adv, preponce advoneoniononly only justontoopen adj, voperateoperationopinionopponentopportunityopposeas opposed tooppositeoppositionororangeorderordinaryorganorganizeorganizationoriginoriginalotheroughtour(s)out adj, advoutdoor(s)outeroutsideover adv, prepoweownowneroxygenPpack vpackagepage npain npainfulpaintpaintingpair n pale adjpan npaper nparallel adj, nparentparkparliamentpart nparticipleparticular adjpartlypartner nparty npass vpassagepassengerpastpathpatient adjpattern npausepaypaymentpeacepeacefulpen npencepencil npeople npepper nper centperfect adjperformperformanceperhapsperiod npermanentpermissionpersonpersonalpersuadepet npetrolphotographphrase nphysical adjpiano npick vpick uppicture npiece npig npile npilot npinpink adj, npipe npityplaceplain adj, nplanplane nplantplasticplate nplaypleasantpleasepleasedpleasure nplenty pronpluralpocket npoempoetpoetrypointpointedpoisonpoisonouspole npolice npolish vpolitepoliticalpoliticianpoliticspool npoorpopularpopulationport nposition npositivepossesspossessionpossible adjpossiblypossibilitypostpot npotatopound npourpowder npower npowerfulpracticalpracticepractisepraiseprayprayerpreferpreparationpreparepresent adj, npreserve vpresidentpress vpressure npretendpretty adjpreventpreviousprice npriestprinceprincipleprintprisonprisonerprivate adjprize nprobably adjproblemprocess nproduce vproductproductionprofessionprofit nprogrammeprogress npromisepronouncepronunciationproof nproperpropertyproposalprotectprotectionprotectiveprotestproudproveprovidepublicpullpumppunishpunishmentpupilpurepurplepurpose npushputQqualityquantityquarrelquarter nqueen nquestionquick adjquiet adj, nquiteRrabbit nraceradio nrailwayrainraise vrange nrank nrapid adjrarerat nrate nratherrawreach vreactreactionread vready adjrealrealizereallyreasonreasonablereceiverecentrecentlyrecognizerecord n, vredreducereductionrefusalrefuse vregard vregular adjrelatedrelativerelationrelationshiprelaxrelaxingreligionreligiousremainremark nrememberremindremove vrentrepairrepeat vreplacereplyreportrepresentrepresentative nrequest nrespectresponsiblerestrestaurantrestrictresultreturn n, vrewardricerichridrideright adj, adv, nring nriseriskriverroadrobrock nroll vromantic adjroof nroom nroot nrope nroserough adjround adj, adv, prep rowroyal adjrub vrubberruderuin vrulerulerrunrush vSsadsafe adjsafetysailsalesalt nsamesand nsatisfactionsatisfactorysatisfysave vsay vscale nscatter vsceneschool nsciencescientificscientistscissorsscreen nscrewseasearchseason nseatsecond adv, n, determiner secretsecretarysee vseed nseemsell vsendsense nsensiblesensitivesentence nseparate adv, vseriesseriousservantserveservice nset n, vsettle vseven(th)severalseveresex nsexualshadeshadow nshakeshallshame nshapesharesharp adjshesheepsheetshelfshell nsheltershine vshinyship nshirtshock n, vshockingshoe nshoot vshopshore nshort adjshot nshouldshoulder nshoutshow n, vshutshysick adjside nsidewayssight nsignsignalsilence nsilentsilksillysilversimilarsimplesincesincere nsingsingle adjsingularsink vsistersitsituationsix(th)size nskilfulskillskin nskirt nsky nsleepslide vslight adjslipperyslopeslowsmallsmellsmilesmokesmooth adjsnake nsnowsosoap nsocial adjsocietysock nsoftsoil nsoldier nsolidsolutionsolvesome pron, determinersomehowsomeonesomethingsometimessomewheresonsongsoonsore adjsorrysort nsoulsound n, vsoupsour adjsouthsouthernspace nspeakspecial adjspecificspeechspeed nspell vspendspin vspirit nin spite