新概念英语第二册第八课学习笔记.doc

Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的【课文讲解】1、nearly和almost 意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。Im nearly/almost ready. 我快准备好了。enter for 报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）win（won，won） v. 赢 vi. 赢 I win. I lose. (输了) vt. 赢得 win something 后面往往是奖品,不能接对手I win the book. I win the gold cup. win a prize 赢得了一个奖win a prize for 因为而获奖defeat dfit 战胜,击败+对手 I defeat you.4、make 和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make 的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”Have you made the skirt by yourself?They have made a road along the river.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级相当于汉语中“比更”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。1、比较级和最高级的构成： 单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est. 以-e 结尾的词加-r，-st. 以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est. 三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）,比较级的构成: more+原级;最高级的构成: the most+原级.有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less 和most/least 连用，如narrownro 狭窄的，clever，common kmn 普通的;常见的，pleasant等。 clever cleverer more cleverfun fn adj. 快乐 more fun （美国人用） 有些构成是不规则的：good/well(better best)；bad/ill(worse worst)；many/much(more most)；little(less least)；far(farther further , farthest furthest)（farther:距离上的远和更远，further:程度上的更进一步）further more(更有甚者)old(older elder, oldest eldest)older 比大, She is older than somebody. elder 做定语修饰其他名词, elder sister (年长的)姐姐.2、比较级和最高级的用法在使用比较级时，如果需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than： My room is cleaner than the one next door.如果比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：Which house do you prefer prf 宁可,宁愿(选择);更喜欢?I prefer the older one.最高级的限定范围一般用of，among m 在.之中;在.中间，in 等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；如果范围很清楚，则可以省略。John is the tallest of the three brother.This is the coldest day in ten years.Mary is the most intelligent ntldnt 有才智的;聪明的;明智的;有理性的person Ive ever met.every构成的合成词:every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.= Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自己必须做什么。Everything is going well. 一切都很顺利。each 和every 均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every 只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.Enter and Enter forentervt.&vi.进入enter+地点名词,Always knock on the door before you enter. vt.&vi. 参加，加入Weve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。He soon entered their conversation.enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词报名参加, 强调报名enter for the examShe entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参加数学竞赛。take part in 真正的参加2 Will you enter for_ this weeks crossword competition?crossward 文字游戏3 Many athletes have entered _for_ the Olympic Games this year.athletes = sportsman 运动员, 体育家【Multiple choice questions】3 Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. It is _b_ .a. larger garden b. a large garden c. large garden d. largest garden6 The writer is fond fnd 喜欢的;爱好的of gardens. _c_ .a. They like him b. They like to him c. He likes them d. He likesbe fond of=likeI like sth./ I love sth./ I enjoy sth./I am fond of sth.8 Joe wins every time. He always _b_ Bill Frith.a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns对手关系不能用win， defeat v. 击败 defeat sb.beat v. 打败；打 gain gen 得到;获得,赢得(战争、诉讼等) =get sth. earn n vt. 挣得 earn money9 Joe grows more flowers. More flowers _a_ in his garden.a. grow b. grow tall c. grow up d. grow biggrow vt. 种植: grow sth; grow flowersvi. 生长: sth. grow; flowers are growinggrow tall/grow big 变得（一般不加形容词）grow up 只和人连用, 表示人的长大（up adv.表示向上）10 Joes garden is interesting. Joe is _d_ in gardening.a. interesting b. interest c. interestingly d. interestedsth. is interesting 是令人感兴趣的be interested in 对感兴趣11 The writer doesnt like hard work. Its _b_ to look after a garden.a. a hard work b. a hard job c. hard job d. hardly a jobit 作形式主语; 真正的主语是to look after the gardenhard work 繁重的工作 work不可数名词；job 可数名词hardly adv.几乎不Have you understood me? Sorry, I ha