四六级听力技巧.doc

听力一、短对话大部分题目都可以按照过去题目的套路解决。例如动作题目注意情态动词后的谓语，人物关系题注意职业特征词汇，地点题目抓住核心地点词汇，等等。短对话中第二个人的讲话内容往往是命题的焦点。I从样卷看几大常见考点： 1 转折引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化，第二说话人先表示肯定，然后用转折词but或其他信息来对第一说话人的内容表示否定： 如样卷中第11题(2005年6月考题第1题)W: Simon, oh, well, could you return the tools I lend you for building the bookshelf last month? M: Oh, I hate to tell you this, but I cant seem to find them. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 这句话可以认为是：“Id love to, but ”的一个变体。其后面所接部分不仅是转折后的内容，而且往往又是一个原因的体现，这也是四级考试中的重点之一。2 对现象的原因的阐述与补充： 考题中现在越来越多地出现隐含原因的表达，即没有原因表达词的原因考点，以样卷第13题(2005年6月考题第6题) 为例： W: Bob said that Seattle is a great place for conferences. M: He is certainly in the position to make that comment. He has been there so often. Q: What does the man say about? 3 反问句式、反意疑问句式的考察：具有“无疑而问”的特点。反问句往往作为加强语气的建议句型出现，如样卷中第17题(2005年6月考题第10题)所述： M: This article is nothing but advertising for housing developers. I dont think the houses for sale are half that good. W: Come on, David. Why so negative? We are thinking of buying a home, arent we? Just a trip to look at the place wont cost us much. Q: What can be inferred form the conversation? 本题中第一个“Why so negative?”，虽然没有“not”存在，但也是反问句的句式，实际意义即“你不应该这样消极”。而后面的反意疑问“arent we?”在考试中总是作为附加累赘部分出现，从来不作为考点。4 建议句型的考察： 建议句型往往是比较复杂的考点之一，因为句型相对比较多，而且隐蔽性比较强，比如上文提到的反问句型，其他几个建议句型如样卷第12题(2005年6月考题第3题)： W: I am going to Marthas house. I have a paper to complete. And I need to use her computer. M: Why dont you buy one yourself? Think how much time you could save. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 题干中的“Why dont you”建议句型常常作为重点，否定的反问更体现了肯定的意思。 5 场景、职业、人物关系的推测：一直以来都是四六级考试一个重要的考点，要求考生通过对场景词的把握来推测事情发生的地点、说话者的职业以及当事人之间的关系。例如样卷第14题(2005年6月第7题)： W: Mr. Watson, I wonder whether its possible for me to take a vacation early next month? M: Did you fill out a request form? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? 只要抓住有效信息即可，注意相关词汇1）shopassistantandcustomer / in the shopWhatcanIdoforyou?/onsale/CanIhelpyou?/outofstyle/ready-made/receipt/cashier/size/color/fit/lookround/ bargain / a good buy / discount / expensive2）waiter/waitressandcustomer / in the restaurant menu/ order/treat/goDutch/steak/ham/salad/ dessert/ soup/ beef/bill/DutchTreat/reserve a seat/makeareservation 3）librarianandstudent / in the libraryborrow /renew /librarycard /librarycatalogue /loandesk /shelf / volume /due /overdue /fine /finishreading 4）doctorandpatient / in the hospitalWhatswrong?/symptom/Whatsthematter? / fever / temperature/ stomachache/ headache / cough /chestpain / beoperatedon /giveaninjection /pills / tablet / prescribe5）teacherandstudent / in the school/classtuition /registration /requiredcourse /compulsorycourse /optionalcourse /electivecourse /dropout /quitschool / attendance / passcourse / degree / semester / exam / drop class / hard to follow / presentation / assignments6）bossandsecretary / in the officecopy/makearrangement/leave a telephone message/ answer the phone/ ask for a leave7）in the hotelroomservice /doubleroom/reservation/frontdesk/bathroomreception/singleroom8）postofficemail/parcel/airmail/registeredletter/post/postage 9）bankopenanaccount/drawononesaccount/ cashacheck/currentaccount/fixeddeposit 10）planeflight /seatbelt /takeoff /land /extinguishcigarettes /boarding card 11) interview nervous / application letter / job opportunity / give a good impression / take a new job6语音语调的考察： 语音语调作为一个辅助手段，在考试中往往起着不可估量的作用，见上文样题第17题。在下文“推理题”中还将举例。同时，短对话越来越长。这一题型的特点体现了现在考试在句型句式、言外之意和内容复杂化三个方面的发展趋势。II短对话的其他类型1数字与计算题 常见的计算题包括时间、价格、年龄、距离、速度等。出题形式可分为计算型、辨认型和替换型。以加减计算题为主，相关词汇与表达：more,less,late,early,fast,slow,aheadofschedule,delay,postpone,decrease,bringforward, times,twice,double,aquarter,ahalf,thedaybeforeyesterday,bynoon,halfanhour 【例】 A)$1.40B)$4.30C)$6.40D)$8.60 W:Hereisaten-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonightsshow,please. M:Sure.Twoticketsandheresadollarfortycentschange. Q:Howmuchdoesoneticketcost? 2. 态度与反应题 涉及的主要是对话中男女双方对某人某事的看法。主要测试考生分析判断能力。四个选择项中往往出现表示人的情感或态度的动词或形容词如:beafraid,think,believe,feel,like等。另外，在选择项中常会出现表明人的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词，如:excited,bored等。有时也会出现描述事物性质的词，如:big,small,cheap等。 并且题目中第二个说话的人并不直接说出自己的看法，而是用also,too,neither,either,so,thesame来表明自己的态度，因此必须听清第一个人的讲话并准确理解其态度。 【例】 A)Onthewhole,shelikedthefilm. B)Shedidntseethefilm. C)Thefilmwasveryexciting. D)Thefilmwasntasgoodasshedexpected. M:Didyoulikethefilm? W:Notparticularly.Iwasratherdisappointed. Idexpectedittobemuchmoreexciting Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation? 3. 推理判断题 包括利用语音语调和逻辑推理的思维过程来判断对话的内在含义，领会说话人的真实意图。这类题型在近几年的考试中题量大，而且有增加的趋势。 【例1】 A)Goonwiththegame B)Drawpicturesonthecomputer. C)Reviewhislessons. D)Haveagoodrest. W:Markisplayingcomputergame. M:Shouldhedothatwhenthefinalexamisdrawingnear? Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkMarkshoulddo?(2002.6) 【例2】A)Theexamwaseasierthanthepreviousone. B)Joeissurethathewilldobetterinthenextexam. C)Joeprobablyfailedintheexam. D)Theoralpartoftheexamwaseasierthanthewrittenpart. W:Listentome,Joe.Theexamisalreadyathingofthepast.Justforgetaboutit. M:Thatseasiersaidthandone Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?(2003.1)【例3】A)Themanisusuallythelasttohandinhistestpaper. B)Themanhasmadeamessofhismidtermexam. C)Themanhasbadstudyhabits. D)Themanisadiligentstudent. M:Imexhausted.Istayedupthewholenightstudyingformymidtermmathexam. W:Butwhydoyoualwayswaituntilthelastminute? Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?(2004.1)4肯定和否定题直接回答表达肯定的词有：yes, certainly, sure, thats OK, yeah, youve asked the right person, I share your feeling, you are right, good idea, you said it, you can say it again, cant agree more, exactly等。表达否定的词有：not really, I doubt it, I dont know, thats no hurry, Im sorry, thats his opinion, no等。 【例】 A) The woman does her own housework. B) The woman needs a housekeeper. C) The womans house is in a mess. D) The woman works as a housekeeper. M: Are you telling me you dont have a housekeeper？ W: No, we dont. If you make a mess, you clean up yourself. Q: What do we learn from this conversation. (2006.6)间接回答当第二说话人以反问语气回答时，通常表示不赞成的态度；如果用的是反意疑问句则表达强烈的否定态度。 【例】 A) The Edwards are quite well-off. B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses. C) Itll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house. D) Its too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house. W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house. M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now; their present house is not too bad. Q: What does the man imply? (2006.6)其他方式方法：题目序号：11-18及格数量：5-6道 推荐准确数量：6-7题重点场景：Airport（flight） restaurant hotel （06年6月份考的是餐厅，07年12月份和6月份考的都是酒店）重点主题：Campus life job-hunting核心技巧：1、后句比前句重要，回答比提问重要 2、若选项中个别单词或短语被明显播读，这个选项成为错误选项的可能性是很大的。而有一个选项，如果每一个单词都没有被读到，而明显出现同义词替换的情况，这个单词成为正确答案是完全有可能的。 3、最好能够听懂问题在问什么例题： 2006年6月第11题A） The girls got on well with each other.B） Its understandable that girls dont get along.C） She was angry with the other young stars.D） The girls lacked the courage to fight.原文：M：What was it like working with those young stars? （前句；问句）W：It was a great group. I always got mad that people said that we didnt get along just because we are girls. There was never a fight. We had a great time. （后句；答句）解析：原文中被划出横线的部分都和选项明显一致。但是仅仅是一个单词的一致，选项整体含义与题干南辕北辙。准确答案是A.二、长对话长对话前四题是一个稍长的长对话，后三题基于一个稍短的长对话，在四六级的表现就是听力短文式的问题设置用短对话的形式进行表现。听长对话的时候，位置感很重要。一般而言，对话时，开头的客套以及问候与结尾的道别结束语很少出题，而对话中段往往才是重点。另外，长对话的源头是托福、雅思听力，所以，可以大胆预测诸如校园、找工作、租房、 图书馆等等高频场景将再度出现。以样题为例找出题规律：Conversation OneW: Hello, Gary. Howre you?M: Fine! And yourself?W: Cant complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?W: Sure. Ive been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment shouldve been installed long ago.M: How much will that cost?W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.M: OK. Well have to discuss these costs with finance.W: We should also consider human resources. Ive been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.M: And whats the picture?W: Well probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.M: What about advertising?W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.M: TV? Isnt that a bit too expensive for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?W: Quite frankly, its just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.M: Will we be able to afford all this?W: Ill look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.M: Well have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments.W: All right. Ill see to it. Questions 19 to 20 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. What are the two speakers talking about? 20. What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory? 21. What does the woman suggest about human resources? 22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?用下划线标示出来的这些内容就是4道题目的答案出处，每次答案的出现都伴随着一个问题。这首先就说明了一点，每每遇到问答的形式都是考官青睐的考点，而且考试的重点往往落在答语上。这一点和短对话中体现的原则不谋而合。另外还有一个特点，有一个考察对话主题的问题，其余为具体细节的问题，如这个对话中从第二个问题开始分别考察了new business strategy 所呈现的3方面问题。其中每一个方面选择了一个最重要的问题来考察，这一点又和以往的passage考察方法很类似，特别是人物生平发展或者故事类的题目很相似，每一方面的内容只考察一道题目，而且出题的顺序和文章的顺序是一致的。Conversation TwoW: Sir, youve been using the online catalogue for quite a while. Is there anything I can do to help you?M: Well, Ive got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and Im really struggling. There are hundreds of books, and I just dont know where to begin.W: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why dont you narrow it down to something likeuh the history of the studios during that time?M: You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more that 30 books came up when I typed in “movie studios.”W: You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want. Try adding “1930s” or “1940s” or maybe “Golden Age.”M: “Golden Age” is a good idea. Let me type that in Hey, look, just 6 books this time. Thats a lot better.W: Oh another thin you might consider have you tried looking for any magazine or newspaper articles?M: No, Ive only been searching for books.W: Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature. And we do have the Los Angeles. Times available over there. You might go through their indexes to see if theres anything you want.M: Okay, I think Ill get started with these books and then Ill go over the magazines.W: If you need any help, Ill be over at the Reference Desk.M: Great, thanks a lot. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. What is the man doing? 24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on? 25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?本对话中在此出现问答式的考点，分层次的考察，建议请求的运用。特别明显的是对话的开头部分一直在讨论如何narrow down topic, 所以这部分只考察了一道题目，下一道题目直到对话的中后部才出现，因为两个人直到那时才从book转到magazine这个话题上来。此外，这两则对话“做什么事”的问题考察都在开头部分给出题目，这一点的考察利用的是考生往往很难在一个段落刚开始的时候集中注意力，所以这时候考察的题目难度就显得很高，这与passage出题有相同之处。综上所述，长对话结合了短对话对问答句式、建议请求和关键场景赐予的考察和篇章理解对文章层次和理解能力的要求。在练习的时候可以先把短对话和篇章两部分分别练好，再寻找一些长对话题目进行综合练习。雅思考试和托福考试的真题中都有大量的长对话题目可供参考。 此外，还可以利用一些常识和潜在规律来猜题。符合生活常识和积极向上、负评价程度较轻的选项可能是答案。其他方式方法题目序号：19-25及格数量：4 推荐准确数量：5-6道重点场景：Airport（flight） hotel （这种场所是百考不厌的）重点主题：Campus life job-huntting核心技巧：1、视听基本一致。（听什么选什么） 2、顺序答题 3，求职不仅是生活当中一个严峻的情况，也是我们考题当中一个非常非常常见的题目例题： 2007年12月 23. A）She is thirsty for promotion. C）She is tired of her present work. B）She wants a much higher salary. D）She wants to save travel expenses.24. A）Translator.C）Language instructor. B）Travel agent. D）Environmental engineer.25. A）Lively personality and inquiring mind. B）Communication skills and team spirit. C）Devotion and work efficiency. D）Education and experience.答案：CAD原文：W：Oh! Im fed up with my job！（第一次作对第23题的机会，be fed up with sth/sb意思为厌倦某事或某人）M：Hey！Theres a perfect job for you in the paper today. You might be interested.W：Oh？What is it？What do they want？M：Wait a minuteAh，here it is. The European Space Agency. Its recruiting translators.（第24题。视听基本一致）W：The European Space Agency？M：Well，That is what it says. They need an English translator（第24题。视听基本一致） to work from French or German.W：So they need a degree in French or German，I suppose. Well，Ive got that. Whats more？ Ive plenty of experience. What else are they asking for？M：Just that A university degree，and 3 or 4 years experience as a translator in a professional environment.They also say，the person should have a lively and inquiring mind，effective communication skills，and the ability to work individually，or as a part of the team.（第25题AB项同时被读到，于是就都错了）W：Well，if I stay on my present job much longer，I wont have any mind or skills left.（作对第23题的第二次机会） By the way，what about the salary？I just hope it isnt lower than what I get now.M：Its said to be negotiable. It depends on the applicants education and experience.（最后被读到，第25题准确答案。视听基本一致） In addition to basic salary，theres a list extra benefits. Have a look yourself.W：Emtravel and social security plus relocation expenses are paid. Hey，this isnt bad，I really want the job.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation youve just heard:23. Why is the woman trying to find a new job？24. What position is being advertised in the paper？25. What are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position？三、短文理解通用解题技巧。第一、迅速从选项辨别文体，若为故事，结尾和对话需要非常小心，若为说明文，首尾必然有题要出；第二、在整个过程中保持绝对的注意力，多数题目中的准确答案实际就是和听力原文能够最大限度吻合的选择项。千万不要因为有不懂单词和不懂的句子出现就放弃，其实那些都是假象；第三、注意短文的常考点，诸如首末句，转折关系，逻辑关系，最高级等等，这些都被证实几乎是屡考不爽的考点了。另外，当语气明显出现升降调的时候等等，这些都是短文听力非常非常常见的出题的点。题目序号：26-35及格数量：6 推荐准确数量：8道核心技巧：1、视听基本一致 2、顺序答题，首尾句，转折关系等重点词汇例题： 2007年12月第一篇短文听力26. A）They care a lot about children. B）They need looking after in their old age. C）They want to enrich their life experience. D）They want children to keep them company.27. A）They are usually adopted from distant places. B）Their birth information is usually kept secret. C）Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information. D）Their adoptive parents dont want them to know their birth parents.28. A）They generally hold bad feeling towards their birth parents. B）They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents. C）They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents. D）They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.29. A）Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship. B）Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas. C）Understanding is the key to successful adoption. D）Adoption has much to do with love.答案：ABCD原文：When couples get married，they usually plan to have children，Sometimes，however，a couple can not have a child of their own. In this case，they may decide to adopt a child. In fact，adoption is very common today. There are about 60,000 adoptions each year in the United States alone. Some people prefer to adopt infants. Others adopt older children. Some couples adopt children from their own families，they all adopt children for the same reason. They care about children（第26题） and want to give their adopted child a happy life.Most adopted children know that they are adopted. Psychologists and childcare experts generally think this is a good idea. However，many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents. As a matter of fact，it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed. The information is secret，（第27题）so no one can see it.Naturally，adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents. Many adoptees want to search for them，but others do not. The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make.Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents. （第28题）Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents，they do know that their adoptive parents want them，love them and will care for them.Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage youve just heard.26.According to the speaker，why do some couples adopt children？27.Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents？28.Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents？29.What can we infer from the passage？实际上短文听力一直以来都是很多同学失分的重灾区，很多同学认为这段短文听完就像没听一样，甚至什么时候答题都不知道。这一点就不能再这样了，如果今年你考试一定要记住，以下几个要点抓住有可能做得更好。有哪些要点呢？首先，首三句和末三句一定要出题目，一定要听首三句和末三句。相信现在正在观赏视频的同学会问，我连后三句都不知道哪三句，怎么听懂哪是后三句呢？其实挺简单，只需要你眼睛一直盯住我们的选项，注意我们的最后一道题目经常就是尾三句出题的题目，所以当最后一道题选项当中单词和短语正在你耳畔出现的时候，就是我们的尾三句正在被播读或者是即将播读完毕的时候。在这样的时刻一定要特别小心准备动手。四、听写题目序号：36-46 （前八题每题0.5分，后三