初中语法专题---非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词学习内容一、基本概念在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。动词不定式（to）do二、基本分类否定形式：直接在其前加not非谓语动词 动名词doing分词doing和done三、用法详解 1、动词不定式： （to）do1）作主语：动词不定式作主语。1. To learn English well is important.2. To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy.动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。3. Learning English is important. 4. Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy.常用it作形式主语代替不定式，把不定式放在后面。5. Its important to learn English. 6. It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables.2）作宾语：1. He wants to go home at once.2. I began to play the piano when I was four.3. I find/think it easy to read English every day. 在find, think 后接不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。必须接to do作宾语的动词：均表示计划，打算等还没有发生的动作want/would like wish/hope/expect plan aim agree decide/determine choose promise afford attempt fail learn volunteer offer manage aim pretend refuse 等 记忆口诀：三个希望两答应， 两个要求莫拒绝， 设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。hope /wish /expect agree /promise demand/ask refuse manage learn decide /determine pretend choose3）作宾语补足语：（1）不定式的to不能省略。常考的动词有：invite，allow，want, would like, tell, ask, teach, allow, expect, encourage，wish等。My parents tell me to work hard at English. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.Mother told me not to come home late.Id like you to meet my family.（2）不定式的to需省略。常考的动词有：四看三使两听一感觉四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、三使（let, make, have）二听（hear, listen to）、一感（feel） I hear him sing every night.We saw her play the piano last night.It made me feel sad. Let him go, please.注意：在感官动词后，也可用动词的ing形式作宾语补足语，但含义略有不同. I saw him crossing the road. （强调动作正在进行）We often hear her sing in the room. （动作经常发生，全过程）四看三使两听一感觉：变被动，还原to。 如：be made to do sth. 被要求做某事 （3）help后的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，有to无to均可。 Could you please help me (to) do some housework? Could you please help me (to) do some housework?4）作状语：（1）表目的 To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （2）表原因：说明主语的某种心情、情感 be sorry/happy/glad/pleased/worried to do sth. 如：I am happy to have such a nice friend like you. （3） 表结果： 在“adj./adv. + enough + to do”结构中:：He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 在“too+ adj./adv. + to do”结构中：They walked too slowly to catch the early bus. 5）“疑问词+不定式”： “非常6+1” 1.what to do（干什么） 2. how to do it/that/sth.（如何做）3.who/whom to believe/trust（相信谁）4.when to go/leave (什么时候离开)5.where to go (去哪儿)6.which to choose（选哪一个）+Why do sth.（为什么干某事）Why not do sth.？（为什么不干某事）=why dont you do sth.？“为什么不”表建议疑问词+不定式相当于一个名词短语。用法： when to hold the meeting(主语) has not yet been decided.We must know what to say at a meeting.(宾语) The problem is where to find her .( 表语) 6）作定语：1. I have much work to do.2. Do you have anything to say?3. Would you like sth. to eat?4. Its a good place to have fun.7）作表语：1. My job is to teach English.2. His hobby is to collect stamps.【小试牛刀】1. Granny often tells us_ water in our daily life. A. save B saving C to save D saves2.Excuse me, could you tell me how_ to Beijing Zoo? Well, you may take Bus No.22.A get B gets C getting D to get3.Lets _ for a walk, shall we?A. to go B. going C. goD. gone4.Sarah always makes her son _ his hands before eating.A. wash B. washed C. washing D to wash5. Everyone wants _ the book as soon as possible.A. read B. reads C. readingD. to read答案：CDCAD【归纳总结】to do1.Its time for sth /to do sth 该干了。2.Its + adj/n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth3. tell (ask) sb. to do (not to do) sth. 告诉（要求）某人（不）去做某事。4. want/would like (sb.)to do (not to do) sth.想（让某人）做某事5. sb. think/find/consider it + adj. +to do sth认为/发觉作某事怎么样。6. Its better/ best to do sth.最好做某事7. try ones best to do 尽某人最大的努力做8. cant wait to do sth.迫不及待要作某事9. Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做10. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。（to）do11.Youhad/Youd better do (not do) sth. 最好（不）做某事12.would rather do than do 宁愿做而不愿做 13. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事 14.Will (would) you please do / not do sth.？你可以(不)吗？15.Why not do sth.？Why dont you do sth.? 为什么不？你为何不？16. make/let/have sb.(not) do sth. 使，叫，让某人做/不做某事2、动名词1）作主语：2）作定语： reading room. running star, living room, eating habit, English-speaking country, Tree-planting Day3）作表语：Her favorite is reading.4）作宾语：Before having breakfast, I had a shower.（介宾） I like shopping.（动宾） Thanks for inviting me.（介宾） The music is well worth listening to more than one.（形容从宾语）【归纳总结】必须接动名词的词汇或短语： 完成finish 实践practice 值得be worth 忙be busy继续keep (on) 习惯be used to 别放弃give up 考虑consider 建议suggest 不禁cant help 想feel like喜欢enjoy 错过miss 要介意mind其他：avoid，imagine，delay，resist，escape, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on，carry on等短语 必备句型： 1.What(How) about sth./ doing sth.?。怎么样？2. be good at/ do well in doing sth.擅长作某事3. thank you for doing sth.为感谢某人4. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.喜欢胜过5.stop/prevent/protect sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，保护什么不受伤害6. It is no use/good doing sth.7. have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很有趣/高兴8. have trouble/problem/a hard time（in） doing sth. 做某事有困难9. put off doing sth. 推迟做某事10. sb. spend on/ (in) doing sth. to为介词的短语需注意（后跟动名词而非动词原形）be/get used to（习惯于。）, be accustomed to（习惯于。）, lead to（导致）, devote to（致力于。）, make contribution to（为。做贡献）, go back to（回到）, stick to（坚持）, object to（反对）, look forward to（期望，盼望）, get down to（开始做某事）, pay attention to（及注意力在。上）3、动词不定式和动名词作宾语对比1）只能接其一：见不定式和动名词用法讲解作宾语部分2）二者都可接，意思区别不大：like，love，hate，prefer，begin，start，continue 接to do表示具体某一次的动作 接doing表示经常习惯性的动作3）二者都可接，含义差别较大：（1）stop有无新动作 After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.She stopped (talk) with me when she saw me.Its time for class. Please stop (talk).（2）go on（继续）After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he went on to work out his Math problems.He didnt have a rest and went on (work).动作是否发生After cleaning the room, we went on (cook).（3）forget /remember Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.I usually forgot (close) the door, but I remembered (close) it just now.（4）regret to do 遗憾的去做某事 doing 后悔做过某事I regret being unable to help. 我感到抱歉，不能帮助你。I regret to say that you have failed your exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试不及格。I regret _（tell）you that he cant come. 很抱歉他不能来。I regret _(spend)so much money. 我很后悔花了这么多钱。两种含义（5）tryHe searched everywhere and tried to find his key. It is necessary to try doing it again.Why not try (do) it in another way?He always tries （finish）his work before dinner.（6）mean to do 计划打算做某事 doing 意味着什么I am sorry, I didnt mean to hurt your feelings， Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just working in class.4）其他 （1）advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词；接复合宾语时，用动词不定式。例如： Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit ones health.The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesnt allow (permit) smoking in her room.She doesnt allow (permit) anyone to smoke in her room.（2）need, require, want作“需要”解时，后接加动名词主动式时等于接不定式的被动式。例如：The windows need cleaning. = The windows need to be cleaned. 【小试牛刀】1. Tom likes cars. He enjoys _model cars of all kinds.A. collects B. collecting C. to collect D. collected2Bob speaks Chinese quite well. Yes, so he does. He practices _Chinese every day.A. speaking B. speak C. speaks D. spoke3. The boy is looking forward to_ a good time after the exam.A. to have B. has C. having D. have4. We have worked for three hours. Now lets stop _a rest.A. had B. have C. to have D. having5. Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forgot _ my Chinese text book.A. bring B. bringing C. and bring D. to bring答案：BACCD3、分词fallen leaves 落叶（完成）falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子（进行）a man calling himself Mr. Knowall自称万事通先生的人（主动）a man called Mr. Knowall 被称作万事通先生的人（被动）1）现在分词的用法：1. There are many people lying on the beach. （后置定语）2. I saw a boy crying in the corner. （宾语补足语）3. The sleeping girl is my daughter. （定语）4. Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. （状语）2）过去分词的用法：1.This is a book written by Lu Xun.（定语）2. I will have /get my hair cut. （宾语补足语） 3. The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.（状语）综合题库1. Dont forget _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning. Thanks. I wont.A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought2. Nick, would you mind _ those old jeans? They look terrible. A. not to wearB. not wear C. wearing notD. not wearing3.The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.A. invent B. invents C. inventing D. invented4.I spent a lot of time _ English last weekend.A. to practice speaking B. practicing to speak C. practicing speaking D. to practiceto speak5.One of the difficulties we have English is how to remember new words and expressions.A. to learn B. in learning C. learn D. learned6.We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ? A. how to do B. what to do it C. how to do it D. what should to do7. If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _ it. A. stop B. stopped C. stopping D. to stop 8.I feel tired and sleepy. Why not stop _ for a while? A. rest B. to rest C. resting D. rested9.hat time do you expect her_?A. arrive B. is arriving C. arriving D. to arrive 10.is math problem is too difficult. Can you show me_, George?A. what to work out B. to work it out C. how to work it out D. how to work out it11.Teachers often tell us _ in the river after school.A. dont swim B. not swim C. not to swim D. to swim12.Rivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to drove13. Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams _ true.A. come B. came C. comes D. to come14.Would you mind me how English words?A. tell; to remember B. telling; remember C. telling; to remember D. to tell; remember15. Please tell the students _ too much noise in class. A. to make B. to take C. not to take D. not to make16. Mom! Would you mind me _table tennis ? A. play B. played C. to play D. playing17. We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _ volleyball. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play18. Parents often ask us _ water in our life.A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves19. What could I get my father for Fathers Day? _getting him a tie?A. Why not B. How about C. Why dont you20.Remember _ the book to the library when you finish _ it.A. to return; to read B. returning; readingC. to return; reading C. returning; to read21.Teachers always tell me computer games too much.A. not to playB. to playC. not playD. plays22.She used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night. A. read, readB. read, readingC. reading, readD.reading, reading23.When I was walking past the door, I noticed him_ my homework. I really got_. A. copying, annoyed B. copying, annoying C. copy, annoyed D. copied, annoyed24. How kind you are! You always do what you can_ me.A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps25.We can make a fire _ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.A. to keepB. keepingC. keepD. kept26. Tony wants _a job as a language teacher in China. A. to find B. finding C. find27. May I have a rest? I have already finished _ the report.A. write B. writing C. to write D. written28. _ a volunteer is great. I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.A. Being; being B. To be; being C. Being; to be D. To be; to be29.I spend much more time playing basketball than I _ for my lessons. A. spend to prepare B. do preparing C. do to prepare D. spend prepare30.If you see the cartoon film, it will make you _.A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed31. We should be more careful much time on computer games.A. not to spend B. to not spendC. not to cost D. not take to32. our English teacher encourages us part in all kinds of after-class activities. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking33. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground, so we all stopped what was wrong with him.A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see D. to run;seeing 34. I often have hamburgers for lunch. Youd better. Its bad for you _ too much junk food. A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. ate 35. I saw Li Ming near the river on my way home. A. plays B. playing C. to play D. played36. Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done37. What bad weather it was! We decided _.A. to go out B. not to go out C. to not go out D. not going out38. Mr Wang does what he can _ us improve our English. A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped39. Why are you so excited? Peter invited me_ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.A. to go B. go C. goingD. went40. The book is well worth I plan _one.A. read, to buy B. reading, buying C. reading, to buy D. read; buying41. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer TV or listen to music rather than newspapers. A. watching; read B. watching; to read C. to watch; read D. to watch; reading42.Since you are tired, youd betterand have a good rest.A. stop to study B. stop study C. stop studying D. to stop studying43. It is very important for us _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned44. Boys and girls, atte