高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Back to the past巩固讲练篇 牛津译林版必修3.doc

2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 3 back to the past巩固讲练篇 牛津译林版必修3一、重点词汇考点-1. arrange【教材原句】a british club arranged for high school students to go on a culture tour of place where there are lost civilizations. (p42)一家英语俱乐部安排高中生去有失落的文明的地方进行了一次文化之旅。【例句研读】翻译下列句子well arrange for an experienced teacher. ive arranged for a taxi. ive arranged for mary to meet you at the airport. please arrange an interview with the workers for us 【自主归纳】接具体的人或东西时，arrange后一般要接介词f or 。安排某人做某事 arrange for sb to do sth后接事情作宾语时，可作及物动词使用。【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子我们已安排好让汽车9点钟去接你。weve _ at 9 oclock.我们已安排她照看孩子。weve _ the child.【答案】arranged for the car to pick you up arranged for her to look after考点-2. bury【教材原句】unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city. (p42)不幸的是，所有的人都被活埋了，城市也是。参看模块二unit 2的考点-5。【例句研读】译出下列各句the house was half buried under snow. many men were buried underground when there was an ancient at the mine. he buried himself in his work. he is buried in his work. 【自主归纳】bury 是及物动词，意为：埋藏，遮盖，掩蔽；专心致志于，埋头于，沉溺于被活埋 be buried alive 专心于be buried in/ bury oneself in 【即时巩固】用bury的适当形式填空：_ in deep thought, he didnt notice mary coming in._ himself in sorrow, he refused to see anyone._ yourself in your study, and you will make progress.【答案】buried burying bury考点-3. destroy【教材原句】its hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city. (p43)很难想像像这样安静的火山是怎样毁掉整个城市的。参看模块一unit 3的考点-2。【例句研读】译出下列各句the city was destroyed in the eruption of the volcano. the heavy rain damaged many houses. i was ruined by that case. im a ruined man now. 【自主归纳】destroy, damage和ruin三个词的区别：destroy指彻底破坏、毁灭，以至不能修复；也可指希望、计划落空。damage指价值、用途降低或外表损坏，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。ruin表示严重破坏，多由自然因素引起；现在多用于比喻中，表示前程的破灭、健康遭到损害等。注意：injure指在意外事故中“受伤”参看本单元考点-5。【即时巩固】单项选择题(2013高考辽宁卷)the accident caused some _to my car, but its nothing serious. a. harmb. injuryc. ruind. damage(2011高考全国卷)william found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to . a. disappear b. fall c. fail d. damagehis action _ the remaining hope of reaching an agreement.a. damaged b. hurt c. destroyed d. harmed 【答案】c【解析】句意：他的行为毁掉了达成协议的仅剩的那点希望。考点-4. remain【教材原句】sven found the remains of building buried beneath the sand, together with a lot of treasures, including coins, painted pots, material such as silk, documents and wall paintings. (p43)斯文发现了埋藏于沙下的建筑遗迹以及许多宝藏，包括钱币、带有图画的壶、像丝绸这样的布料、文献以及壁画。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思the remains of wenchuan earthquake shocked the whole world. his remains were buried in the churchyard. the remains of lunch were still on the table. 【自主归纳】remain 作名词用时，意为：废墟；尸体，遗骸；残留物，剩余物remain 还可以作动词使用：作不及物动词，意为“留下”she remained at home to look after the child. 留在家里作联系动词，意为“仍然是，还是”，后接n./adj./介词短语/分词in spite of quarrel, they remained the best friends. 仍然是最好的朋友 sth. remains to be done “某事仍有待去做”a number of problems remain to be solved. 许多问题有待解决it remains to be seen+从句 “还有待于去看” it remains to be seen whether the medicine will work. 药物是否有效拭目以待。【即时巩固】单项选择题the palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now. a. remains b. is remaining c. is remained d. has been remained_ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. a. it has b. they have c. it remains d. there remainsladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. a. seated b. seating c. to sit d. sit it remains _ whether the patient can survive the major operation or not. a. to observe b. to be observed c. observing d. being observed【答案】a dab考点-5. ruin【教材原句】a scholar from the local cultural institute, professor zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the european explorer sven hedin discovered the ruins of the loulan kingdom. (p43)当地文化研究所的学者张教授告诉我们，大约在1900年，欧洲探险家斯文海定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思all the towns were in ruins after the earthquake. what has brought his hope to ruin? the rain ruined my painting and i suffered great loss. 【自主归纳】ruin 作可数名词用时常用复数形式，意为：废墟，遗迹 作不可数名词用时，意为：毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 作动词用时，是及物动词，意为：破坏；毁灭/坏，使破产in ruins 成为废墟，破败不堪 come/go to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；落空 bring .to ruin使毁灭，使落空【即时巩固】单项选择题john and sandy argued all the time, which completely _ the party.a. destroyed b. damaged c. ruined d. broke【教材原句】by the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before, and it seemed that more glory was waiting ahead of him. (p58)在30岁时，他已经占领了比以前任何人都多的土地，并且看起来，更大的荣耀正在前方等着他。【例句研读】根据英语句子完成汉语句子you have to work hard to keep ahead in your class. 要想在全班 ，你就必需努力学习。he could discern a faint light ahead in the forest. 他能看到 有一线微弱的灯光。the bridge has been completed ahead of time. 这座桥 。“may i ask you a question？”“yes，go ahead”“我可以问你一个问题吗？”“ ”go ahead，what are you waiting for? ，你在等什么? 【自主归纳】ahead adv. (时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先 keep ahead保持领先(be) ahead of 在之前； 领先于；胜过 ahead of time( in advance) 提前 go ahead的用法表示同意对方的请求，根据情况可译为:说吧，做吧，开始吧，进行吧。 a: may i start? 我可以开始了吗? b: yes， go ahead. 好，开始吧。 a: will you do me a favour? 请你帮个忙好吗? b: go ahead. 说吧。 a: do you mind if i smoke? 我抽烟你介意吗? b: no, go ahead. 不介意，你抽吧。 a: can i borrow your dictionary? 我可以借你的词典吗? b: yes， go ahead. 可以，拿去吧。 表示继续或持续 表示请对方继续说、继续做等，通常可译为:继续吧。 go ahead, were all listening. 继续讲吧，我们都在听着呢! a: dont interrupt me while im explaining the problems to you. 我在给你们解释这些问题时，请不要打断我的话。 b: all right, go ahead. 好，说下去吧。 表示请对方先走或先做某事 其意为：你先走一步，你先请。 you go ahead and tell him that were coming. 你先走一步，告诉他我们就来。 you go ahead. ill join you soon. 你们先开始，我一会儿就来（和你们一块儿干）。 go ahead, please. 你先请（劝别人先吃或先走等的客套说法）。【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子他走上前去，看看前面发生了什么事。he _ to see what was happening in the front.我提前几天完成了工作。 i finished the work several days _the deadline.他数学方面比我占优势。he is _ me in math.【答案】went ahead ahead of ahead of考点-7. aware【教材原句】in many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors. (p59)在很多情况下，他的问题让学生们意识到自己的错误。【例句研读】翻译下列各句 its time that someone made him aware of the effects of his actions. linda was not aware of having done wrong. bill is quite/well aware that pronunciation is very important to learning a foreign language. 【自主归纳】aware adj. 意为：意识到的，知道的；察觉到的be/become aware of 知道/意识到be/become aware that/wh从句 知道/意识到make sb. aware of sth. 让某人知道某事【即时巩固】单项选择题it was several minutes before i was _ what was happening.a. aware b. concerned c. awake d. ashamed【教材原句】at his trial, he defended himself by asking his judges yet more questions. (p59)在审判中，他通过向法官提更多的问题来为自己辩护。【例句研读】翻译下列各句people judge others with their appearance first. he was one of the judges at the horse race. judging by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 【答案】首先人们通过外表判断其他人。他是赛马会上的裁判员之一。从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。【自主归纳】judge 作动词使用时，意为：判断；审判； 裁判 作名词使用时，意为：法官；裁判员judging from/by 常看作是固定短语，在句子中一般作状语，即独立成分，judging不能换成judged。judging from his clothes, i judge that he is a judge.从他的服装判断，我断定他是个法官。【即时巩固】单项选择题“you cant a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.a. recognizeb. buyc. judged. know考点-9. take over【教材原句】in 89 bc, the romans took over pompeii. (p42) 公元前89年，罗马人占据了庞贝。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思ibm is taking over the smaller company. her singing career took off after her tv appearance. with economy recovering, more and more workers are taken on. we can take in oxygen from the air. 【答案】接管这家规模较小的公司 她的演唱事业迅速腾飞 被雇用 吸取氧气【自主归纳】take over接收，接管；接住，接替take off 脱掉(衣帽等)，(飞机等)起飞，请(几天)假，切除(物)take on 雇用(某人)，承担(工作)，呈现 take out 取出take to 喜欢上(某人)，开始，养成的恶习take up 开始；从事；占去(时间，空间等)take in 吸收，包括，了解，理解，欺骗，收留(某人)住宿take back 取回(某物)，收回(承诺等)，归还 take after 与相像take. for . 把当作,误认为 take. for granted 认为是当然的【即时巩固】单项选择题look at the timetable. hurry up! flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. a. takes b. took c. will be taken d. has takenladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. the plane _. a. takes off b. is taking off c. has taken off d. took offafter he retired from office, rogers _ painting for a while, but soon lost interest. a. took up b. saved up c. kept up d. drew up【答案】a b a考点-10. turn out【教材原句】it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving spaces in the ash. (p43)原来火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。【例句研读】翻译下列句子the party turned out (to be) very successful. it turns out that she had known him when they were children. 【自主归纳】turn out意为：结果，外出。常有以下两种用法。turn out (to be). it turns out that-clause写出与turn有关的短语：turn off/on 关掉/打开 turn to 向某人求助turn over 翻身，反复考虑，翻(书页)，翻转 turn out 结果是 turn down 调低(音量，热度等); 拒绝 turn up 露面，出现，调大(音量等)turn in 上交，交还 turn upside down 上下翻转 take turns to do 轮流做某事 take a turn for the better （情况等）好转【即时巩固】单项选择题(2013高考江苏卷)with inspiration from other food cultures, american food culture can take a for the better. a. shareb. chance c. turn d. lead【教材原句】in memory of the americans who died in the attack, a national memorial was built in pearl harbor just above the remains of the arizona. (p55)为了纪念在此次袭击中死去的美国人，在珍珠港“亚利桑那号”的遗迹上建立了国家纪念馆。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思the monument was built in memory of the little hero.she wrote poems in praise of freedom.the members of the committee gave a banquet in honour of the foreign delegation yesterday afternoon.【答案】纪念那位小英雄 讴歌自由 招待外国代表团【自主归纳】in memory of为纪念(相当于in honour of)in名词of短语荟萃：in favor of 支持 in place of 代替 in praise of 赞扬in charge of 负责 in need/want of 需要 in case of 如果，假使in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有，持有 in honour of 为纪念，为庆祝【即时巩固】单项选择题(2011高考湖北卷) when asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men. a. in terms of b. in need of c. in favor of d. in praise of【答案】c【教材原句】when asked how a statue from distant greece could have appeared in china, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of alexander the greats influence. (p58)当被问及这个来自遥远的希腊的雕像如何出现在中国时，研究者解释说毫无疑问这是由于受亚历山大大帝的影响。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思no doubt he will call us when he gets there.there is no doubt that the measures taken by the government will help the economy improve.i doubt whether/if the new plan will be better.【答案】毫无疑问 毫无疑问 我不敢肯定这个新的计划是否会更好。【自主归纳】no doubt 无疑，确定there is no doubt about sth./that . 毫无疑问doubt 做动词，用于肯定句中时，后用whether或 if 引导宾语从句 用于否定句或疑问句中时，后用that引导宾语从句 做名词，用于肯定句中时，后用whether引导同位语从句 用于否定句或疑问句中时，后用that引导同位语从句【即时巩固】单项选择题(2010高考山东卷)her father is very rich._ she wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered.a. what for? b. so what?c. no doubt. d. no wonder.【答案】bthey are good friends. it is no _ that they always help each other.a. wonder b. doubtc. way d. idea【教材原句】by the age of thirty, he had already occupied more land than anyone before. (p58)三十岁的时候，他已经占领的疆域比以前任何人的都大。【例句研读】翻译句子by the age of five, he had already learned 500 english words. by the end of next week, we will have learned three units. by now, we have learned three units. 【自主归纳】by+现在的时间点，谓语用现在完成时时态；by+过去的时间点，谓语用过去完成时时态；by+将来的时间点，谓语用将来完成时时态。【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子到下月底，我将已经看完这本书。i _ reading the book by the end of next month.我到火车站的时候，火车已经开走了。by the time l got to the station，the train_。【答案】will have finished had already gone考点-14. come down with【教材原句】yet, in 323 bc, he came down with a fever and died.(p58)可是，公元前323年，他发烧病倒，不治身亡。【例句研读】译出下列句中划线部分的意思our children all came down with the flu last week. i came across an old friend yesterday. he came up with good ideas for the product promotion. how come you are not at work today?when it comes to this matter, different people have different ideas. 【答案】得了流行感冒 碰见一位老朋友 想出一个好主意 为什么 当说到这件事的时候【自主归纳】come down with意为：患（病），得（传染性的病）come down价格降低，温度下降写出come 的相关用法。偶然遇到；被理解 come across 提出，想出 come up with 为什么？ how come.? 当谈到时 when it comes to sth/doing.【即时巩固】单项选择题(2013高考课标卷)would you like to with us to the film tonight?a. come alongb. come offc. come acrossd. come through【教材原句】near the city was a volcano.(p42) 靠近这个城市是一座火山。【句法分析】“near the city”是一个介词短语，表示地点，放在句首，引起了句子的倒装。句子的主语是a volcano。正常语序应该是：a volcano was near the city. 【考点聚焦】当表示地点的介词短语或here/there/up/down/in/out/off/away/now/then等副词置于句首表示强调，且谓语动词为be, lie, sit, stand, come, go等时，往往主谓完全倒装。但当句子的主语是人称代词时，则不需要倒装。【即时巩固】单项选择题at the meeting place of the yangtze river and jialing river _, one of the ten largest cities in china. a. lies chongqing b. chongqing lies c. does chongqing lie d. does lie chongqingjohn opened the door. there _ he had never seen before.a. a girl did stand b. a girl stood c. did a girl stand d. stood a girl【答案】a d考点-2.so 表示“也”放在句首的句型【教材原句】many people were buried alive, and so was the city. (p42)许多人被活埋了，城市也被埋了。【句法分析】句中so位于第二分句的句首，引起了第二分句的倒装，主语是the city。【考点聚焦】so/neither/nor +倒装，表示“也/也不”。表示某人或某物的情况与前面的相同。谓语部分与前句一致；否定句用nor/neither引导。so+ sb. +be/助动词/情态动词： 表示“确实如此”，对前面提到的情况加以肯定，主语就是前面的主语。 sb.+do+so： 表示自愿的、故意的行为，用来代替上文出现的“动词+宾语/状语”， 以免重复。【即时巩固】单项选择题if you dont feel like going for a picnic this weekend, _. a. nor will i b. nor do i c. so do i d. so shall ii like meat but i dont like fish. _. a. so do i b. neither do i c. so is it with me d. so it is with mei reminded you not to forget the appointment._. a. so you did b. so i did c. so did you d. so do i【答案】a da考点-3. as的用法【教材原句】today i saw the ancient roman city of pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.（p42）现在我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。【句法分析】as 用作连词，意为：像一样。【考点聚焦】as 用作连词时，常考表示“尽管”的意思，句子用倒装结构。young as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管年轻，他却懂得很多。用作关系代词，引导定语从句：well make such computers as are needed in different branches of science.我们将制造出科学的各部门所需要的那种计算机。 大家都知道， as everybody knows, all that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西并不都是金子。用作介词：as a singer, he is a success. 作为一名歌手，他是成功的。固定短语：as a matter of fact 实际上 as a result 结果是 as long as 只要 as far as 就而言 as follows 如下as well as 和，也【即时巩固】单项选择题much hard _ he tried, he failed to catch up with the first runner.a. although b. as c. while d. whenwhen my father goes somewhere, he always goes along with my mother, _ he doesnt like going alone.a. thoughb. as c. while d. even if【教材原句】the city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it. (p42)这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。【句法分析】句中with的宾语是writing，on it是宾语补足语。此with短语在句中做定语，修饰a stone。【考点聚焦】with结构中的宾补，除了用介词短语，还可以是adj./adv./n./v-ing/p.p./to do这位男士走在街上，腋下夹着一本书。the man was walking on the