高考英语二轮专题精华训练 阅读理解（4）.doc

2015届高考英语二轮专题训练精华：阅读理解（4）athis year,the world mental health day on oct.10 was marked by the theme“depression(抑郁):a global crisis”.according to the world federation for mental health and the world health organization,depression has moved beyond the medical domain(领域)to become a social problem.statistics from the beijing suicide research and prevention center show that of the 287,000 people who commit suicide in china every year,70 percent are victims of depression.“this equates to one depression victim taking his life every three minutes,”cited cctv recently.according to the beijing-based capital medical university,the number of depression patients has been on the rise in the past years and now accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the population,more than the global average of 5 percent.wang shaoli,vice-president of beijing huilongguan hospital,a medical center specializing in mental health,said that what makes depression so widespread is that everybody can get it.“no one is immune to depression,”said wang.“it has become a social problem because depression kills ones social capabilities,such as communication,and leads to a negative social mentality.”according to wang,depression can be treated with medicine and early psychological consultation.the real problem is the lack of awareness surrounding the issue.“people with mental illnesses are discriminated against,”said wang.“so they are reluctant to go to hospital and often keep the pain to themselves,which only makes matters worse.”only one in ten depression victims is properly treated in china,according to the beijing suicide research and prevention center.“when people get depressed,it becomes part of their thoughts,making them negative,even desperate,”said wang.“and the ideas are difficult to change.”thats why wang suggests early intervention.“normally it takes about nine months to treat depression,”said wang.“but in most cases,patients drop treatment halfway when they feel some progress.”1.how are paragraphs 1 & 2 mainly supported when it tells that depression has become a social problem?a.by giving data.b.by making definition.c.by analyzing causes.d.by making comparisons.答案:a解析:推理判断题。根据第一、二段中的“287,000 people”“70 percent”“every three minutes”“5 to 10 percent”“5 percent”可知,是以具体的数据说明抑郁已成为一个严重的社会问题的。故选a项。2.according to the passage,which of the following is not true?a.people with depression are more likely to commit suicide.b.the percentage of depression patients is larger in china than that in the world.c.more and more people have been suffering from depression.d.depression can destroy peoples immune system and social capabilities.答案:d解析:正误判断题。根据第一段的最后一句可知,中国每年自杀身亡的人中,70%是抑郁症患者,a项说法正确;根据第二段的最后一句可知,该数据比全球平均值(5%)高,b项说法正确;根据第二段的最后一句可知,过去几年抑郁症患者的数量在增加,c项说法正确;根据第四段的内容可知,谁都对抑郁症没有免疫力,这种症状能毁灭人的社会交往能力,d项说法错误。故选d项。3.people with mental illnesses are unwilling to go to hospital because .a.the victims think that they will get well soonb.they are discriminated against and dont want others to know their illnessesc.there are few medical centers specializing in mental healthd.there is no way to treat them答案:b解析:细节理解题。根据第六段的第一、二句可知,有心理疾病的人不愿意去医院是因为他们担心会被歧视,不想让别人知道他们的病。因此选b项。4.in wang shaolis opinion,the better way to deal with mental problems is to .a.force the victims to go to hospitalb.keep their pain to themselves when they appearc.keep positive and get early psychological consultationd.more medical centers should be set up答案:c解析:推理判断题。根据第五段可知,抑郁症能通过药物和早期的心理咨询得到治疗,关键是人们对这个病缺乏意识。因此c项正确:较好的治疗方法是病人要积极乐观并尽早进行心理咨询。the relationship between humans and animals has always been complex.some cultures have developed entire belief systems around favored animals.even in cultures with less formal belief systems,connections between people and animals still lead to commonly accepted opinions about animals.these belief systems usually develop around the animals that interact(互动)with humans most frequently.therefore,it should not be surprising that so many stories surround the most common of animals:rats.rats live side by side with humans all over the world and regularly interact with people.human-rat coexistence may be common all around the world,but different cultures respond to that closeness in different ways.in the united states and europe,one typical attitude is that the rat is a pest.this could be due to the common belief that rats spread disease.actually,they dont,at least not directly,but many people dont know that.the pied piper of hamlin,a well-known childrens story,is one example of how rats have been described in western literature.in that story,rats cause such a problem that a town has to hire a piper to call them all away.in many latin american countries,the rat is described in a very different way.the story of the tooth fairy(a fairy believed by children to leave money while they sleep in exchange for a tooth that has come out)is common all over the world,but in latin america,the “fairy” is a rat!rats do have very strong teeth,which could explain the association.clearly,this shows another attitude toward rats that is much more positive.yet another attitude toward the rat can be seen in the chinese zodiac(生肖).the rat is one of the animals of the zodiac.like the other zodiac animals,the rat is neither entirely good nor entirely bad.its described as clever and friendly,but also tricky and not entirely honest.that may be the most accurate(准确的)description of the rat so far.whether you like rats or not,its hard to deny(否认)their reputation for cleverness.as many people are discovering these days,rats can even make excellent pets,so long as you remember to close the cage carefully!1.what does the text mainly talk about?a.a trend of keeping rats as pets.b.how different cultures look at rats.c.how humans get along with animals.d.favored animals in different cultures.答案:b解析:主旨大意题。第二段最后一句“human-rat coexistence may be common all around the world,but different cultures respond to that closeness in different ways”点出本文主题,接下来几段作者分别介绍了世界各地人们对老鼠的不同态度。故b项正确。2.the rats in the pied piper of hamlin appear .a.unpleasantb.honestc.smartd.unusual答案:a解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“in that story,rats cause such a problem that a town has to hire a piper to call them all away”可知,这个故事中的老鼠是非常让人讨厌的。3.according to the author,rats .a.dont spread diseaseb.should be treated as pestsc.are fairly described in the chinese zodiacd.are kept as pets by more and more people答案:c解析:细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“its described as clever and friendly,but also tricky and not entirely honest.that may be the most accurate(准确的) description of the rat so far”可知c项正确。4.the text is probably taken from a .a.travel guideb.news reportc.nature magazined.history textbook答案:c解析:推理判断题。本文主要介绍了老鼠这种动物在世界各地人们心目中的形象,语言通俗易懂。故最有可能出现在自然杂志上。born in fort wayne,indiana in 1917,marion donovan had an inventive spirit at a young age.she spent the greater part of her childhood hanging around the manufacturing(制造)plant run by her father and uncle.years later,as a post-world war housewife and mother of two in connecticut,donovan would make good use of the inventiveness that she had observed in her youth.frustrated by the repetitive task of changing her younger childs dirty cloth diapers(尿布),bed sheets and clothing,she decided to make a diaper cover to keep her baby and the surrounding areas dry.donovan sat down at her sewing machine with a shower curtain and,after several attempts,she completed a waterproof diaper cover.unlike the rubber baby pants that were already on the market,donovans design did not hurt the childs skin.the soon-to-be famous female inventor perfected her invention later making it safer.donovan named her diaper cover the “boater” and explained that “at the time i thought that it looked like a boat”.when no manufacturers would even consider her invention,donovan started producing the diaper cover on her own,and the “boater” became a great success from the day it was shown for the first time at saks fifth avenue in 1949.donovan received a patent(专利)in 1951 and soon sold the rights to keko corporation.her next project was a fully disposable(一次性的)diaper,for which she had to use a special type of paper that was not only strong and absorbent,but also conveyed water away from the babys skin.donovan took her finished product to every large manufacturer in the country,but once again she found no takers.everyone she talked to told her that the idea was unnecessary and impractical.it was not until nearly a decade later,in 1961,that victor mills created pampers based on donovans idea.this “mother of invention” explored many commercial projects that were completely unrelated to her diaper improvements.she earned a total of 20 patents in her lifetime and also received an architecture degree from yale university in 1958.although donovans extraordinary life may go largely unnoticed by the public,this famous woman inventor deserves the undying gratitude of new parents around the globe.1.donovan decided to make a diaper cover because she wanted to .a.earn some moneyb.become an inventorc.make caring for babies easierd.make her child more comfortable答案:c解析:细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知,由于不堪忍受繁重的清洗尿布、床单和衣服的工作,她决定制作尿布套,故选c项。2.which of the following is one of the features of the “boater”?a.it looked beautiful.b.it did not let water t