高考英语总复习 语法先行 名词性从句预习学案（含解析）(1).doc

名词性从句 【学习目标】 名词性从句在高考中的考点【复习任务】 1.学习重点：本节所现18个考点。 2.学习难点：1）宾语从句的否定转移，2） 注意分隔性同位语从句，3）插入语，sb think/believe/expect/ suppose + 宾从 ，4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别。【问题导学】1 主语从句：用一个句子充当主语的成份叫主语成份。 (that the earth goes around the sun) is known to all. (how this happened) is not clear to anyone. 结构：连接词+ 从句+ 谓语 +其它 it + 谓语 +其它 +连接词 +从句 连接词 1. that 不作成份 无意义 （鸡肋）句首不可省 2. whether/if 不作成份，是否 ，if 不能位于句首 3. 连接代词 ：what , which(哪一个) , who, whom, whose, + ever 主宾表 连接副词：when , where , why , how + ever ，how many , how much考点1. 连接词选择：1. 看成份。是否缺主、宾 缺-代词 不缺-副词 缺表语-皆可， 2. 看翻译。前后逻辑联系。 注意 ： that -位于句首不可省 what - 指代物， 。的样子，职业，whatdo with, what think of which- 哪一个， 有选择范围 = 宾从选择方法 考点2：从句用连接词+从句 （陈述语序）主、谓 考点 3 ：it 作形式主语 用it 作形式主语的结构：用it 作形式主语的结构：1. it is 名词 从句:it is a fact that 事实是 / it is an honor that 非常荣幸 it is common knowledge that 是常识 2. it is 形容词 从句 it is natural that 很自然/ it is strange that 奇怪的是 3. it 不及物动词 从句 it seems that 似乎/ it happened that 碰巧 it appears that 似乎 it matters / it doesnt matter 4. it is 过去分词 从句 it is reported that 据报道/ it has been proved that已证实 it is said that 据说考点4：虚拟语气。it is +_ + that + sb. (should) do sth 注意should 意义：应该，竟然 it 作形主 寻找意义为意见，建议，责任，义务，命令及表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等 it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2 宾语从句 ：用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句、动词、介词和一些形容词都可以带宾语从句。 i think (that) he can do the job well. he doesnt know where the post office is. im not sure whether/if ill have time. im sorry (that) he is out. 1.结构 动宾 介宾 双宾语 tell sb 从句, show sb 从句, ask sb + 从句 （内容）adj + 宾从 afraid, pleased, worried, happy 连接词 同主从 连接词 考点1. that 不可省情况 1. 当一个动词含有两个或以上的宾从时，从第二个开始的宾从不可省 eg: i know your grand fathers last name is shun and that your great great great grand fathers fathers last name is shun too. 2. 当it 作形式宾语时。 find, think, believe, make eg: we find it amusing that fengjie boasts her fairness, clearness, and wealth.we should make _ clear who break the rules a it b which c that d what 3. 从句中有从句时，不可省-少 eg : he knew_ i was free i would help him. a that if b if c that d whether考点2. whether / if 区别 只用whether 1. 介词后 + whether+宾语从句 2. whether可与or not连用，而if则不可以 3. whether 可接to do 4.whether引导的从句可作某些介词及动词discuss 的宾语 if 1. 如果 -主将从现 2. 一般只引导宾从。时态该用什么用什么考点3. 语序 从句为陈述语序 主谓 考点 4. 时态 1）主现从任，看从句 2）主过从过， 从句时态结合主句时间 3） 客观真理一般现 ，永不变 4） 历史事件用一过 考点5. 宾从否定转移 3条 件： 1. 宾从 2. 主句人称 i / we 3. 特定动词think, believe, suppose, expect原则: 否定只出现在主句 反意疑问：满足条件 助动词，人称代词看从句，肯定否定看主句 eg: i dont believe (that) he would say such words. who do you think is the best player this year? 考点6. 感叹句作宾从 whatever/ what +感叹句 后用陈述语序 however/ how +感叹句 eg :we are surprised to find out what an important part he played in his company. you can never imagine _ when our team won the first place. a how excited we are b how we are excited c how are we excited d how are excited考点 7 ：在find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等动词的宾语是that 引导的宾语从句，且带有补语时，用it作形式宾语而将从句后置， 结构： sb find+ it + adj/n + that 从句 1. the laboring people want to make _ clear_ that do an important and necessary work for the government. a that, that b that, this c that, is d it, that考点 8. 插入语，sb think/believe/expect/ suppose + 宾从 1. 疑问句为：连接代、副+ do you think/believe/expect + 宾语从句的其余部分。 2. 若处于句子中从句部分时- 省略 1. do you know _ he thinks will give the sophomore a talk? a whom b who c that d which 2. after five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of. a that b where c which d what 考点 9， 虚拟语气 sb + v + that sb. (should) do sth 动词：意见，建议，责任，义务，命令advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)。注意：suggest ：1.建议，2.暗示. insist ：1。坚持应该，2.坚持一个真相，3，insist on 考点 10 在like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike,appreciate 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句，需跟形式宾语 it。 eg :some people just like it when others focus their attention on them, no matter what they need to do to get this done. 1. i hate it _ people talk with their mouth full a. when b where c what d. whose 2 .id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.a it b that c this d you3 表语从句 ：用作表语的从句叫表语从句，表语从句放在系动词（be, remain, seem等）后 is / was /look/ seem/ appear/look/ the question is whether we should accept their invitation. that was what she said to me. the trouble is that i have lost his address. 结构 ：主 + 系 +连接词 +从句 连接词 ： 1. that 不作成份， 无意义， 不可省 2. whether 不作成份，是否 ， 3. 连接代词 ：what , which(哪一个) , who, whom, whose, + ever 主宾表 连接副词：when , where , why , how + ever ，how many , how much4. because, as if/ though 考点 1. 连接词 2. reason 作主语 表从 连接词用that 3. that is why/because the reason why is/ was that 4. 虚拟语气 5. look, as is / though + 从句 过去：had done 现在：did/were四同位语从句 ：用作同位语的从句，同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其做进一步解释，被补充说明的名词叫先行词，先行词一般都是抽象名词，如news消息 fact事实 idea主意 thought想法 hope希望 question问题 reply答复 report报道 order命令等。引导同位语从句的词叫连接词，常用that引导。 i have no idea that you were here. 当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时，这个从句就是同位语从句。如： the news that china has joined the wto excite us all. 中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。 同位语中应注意：考点1.注意同位语从句中所用名词 1. 高中所学能带同位语从句的名词不多，常见的有：answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, explanation, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, law, message, news, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, proof, proposal, question, report, risk, rumor, story, suggestion, truth, theory, thought, wish, word等。 考点2. 虚拟语气表示“命令、建议、要求”等名词的同位语，须用虚拟语气。 考点3. 注意分隔性同位语从句news came that word came that the story goes that i have no idea at all 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句形相似而实质不同，具体表现以下方面： (1) 被修饰的词不同。同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词；而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。 (2) 从句的作用不同。同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容；而定语从句是对先行词名词的限制、描绘或说明。 (3) 引导词的作用不同。引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不担任任何成分，但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that为关系代词，在从句中担任句子的某种成分，当担任定语从句中的宾语时，that可以省略。 (4) 引导词不同。定语从句不能用what, how, whether引导；而同位从句可用what, how, whether引导。 (5) 判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法。同位语从句可充当同位名词的表语；而定语从句不能充当先行词的表语。练习：1.we havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. a. if b. where c. whether d. that 2. a warm thought suddenly came to me _i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m a. if b. when c. that d. which 3. there is much chance _ bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. a. that b. which c. until d. if 4. please remind me _ he said he was going. i may be in time to see him off. a. where b. when c. how d. what 5. we saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us. _ we gave some bells and glasses. a. to which b. to whom c. with whom d. with which 6. with his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. a. which b. that c. what d. whether 7. _ team wins on saturday will go through to the national championships. a. no matter what b. no matter which c. whatever d. whichever 8. i just wonder that makes him so excited. a. why it does b. what he does c. how it is d. what it is9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , mor