外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇.doc

外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇L1Peresonal advancement 指个人的晋升，个人素质的提高，个人事业的进步Service industry 服务产业 gross domestic product 国内生产总值 简写GDP Classify把 分类 bonds 债券 certificate of deposit 大额存单 intellectual property 知识产权 concentrate on 专注于 ,集中于 Domestic business 国内商务 ecomnomic globalisation 经济全球化 host country 东道主 intellectual property 知识产权 non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒 international business国际商务Invisible trade 无形贸易 gross domestic products 国内生产总值 portfolio investmen 证券投资 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程L2National product 国民产值 per capitaGDP 人均国内生产总值 durable equipent 耐用设备 staple goods 大路货 creditor country 债权国 Gross National Product（GNP）国民生产总值 Income distribution收入分配 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD经济合作与发展组织 infrastucture 基础设施 foreign currency reserves 外汇储备In assessing thepotential of a market，people often look at its income level since it provide clues about the purchasing power of its residents。要估计某一市场的潜力，人民往往要分析其收入水平，因为他为居民的购买力提供了依据。PPP购买力平价（purchasing power parity） per capita income人均收入 consumerism消费，消费主义 income distribution 收入分配 political stability 政治稳定 Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体L3 customs union 关税同盟 Dual-Ministeral Meeting 双部长会议 European Commission 欧盟委员会 Organization of Petroleum Eiporting Countries（OPEC）石油输出国组织 North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA） 北美自由贸易协定 regional economic integration 区域经济一体化 European Union 欧盟 Asia-Pacific Economic Co-openration（APEC）亚太经合组织 Council of Ministers 部长理事会 put intocirculation 投入流通 economies of scale 规模经济 Multi-polarization 多极化 L4board of director 董事会 day to day running 日常管理 the parent MNE多国公司母公司 National economic welfare 国家经济利益The legal jurisdiction 法律管理范围 Economic Globalizational经济全球化 multinational enterprises 跨国企业 share-holder 股东 economies of scale 规模经济 international economic environment 国际经济环境 manufacturing facilities 生产设施 productive resource生产资源 technical improvements 技术进步 L5 self-sufficient 自给自足的 farm produce 农产品 the endowments of nature 自然禀赋 perfect competition 完全竞争 output per man-year of labour 人均年产量 thdistribution of natural resources 自然资源分配 the primary commodities初级产品 the theory of comparative advantage 比较利益论the mutual beneficial trade 护理贸易 the reserves of natural resources 资源储备 mutually beneficial trade互利贸易 distribution of natural resources 自然资源的分布 business line营业范围 up-to-date technology最新技术 L6production capabilities 生产能力 consumption preferences 消费偏好，消费爱好reasonable costs 合理的成本 international specializaition 国际专门化 patterns of demand 需求结构 economic of scale 规模经济 customs area 关税区 immigrant remittance 移民汇款 cost advantages 成本优势 production condition 生产条件 bullky goods大宗货物 perishable goods 腐败变质的货物 Tatiff barriers 贸易限制 The Tariffs schedule 关税表 quantitative restriction 数量限制 non-tariff barriers 非关税壁垒 places of historical interest 名胜古迹 L7International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 customs clearance 结关 EDI 电子数据交换 destination port 目的港 Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则 CIF兼付运费保险费货价 trade terms 贸易条款 amendment to th eletter of credit 修改信用证 container transport 集装箱运输CPT 运费付至 Step-by-step逐步的，一步一步的。The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 CFR成本价运费 FOB船上交货 （free on board）custons-free zones无关税区，免税区L8binding obligation 有约束力的义务 trade fair 交易会 international trunk call国际长途 the business line 业务范围 force majeure 不可抗力 quotation 报价 to make an offer 发盘 the validity period 有效期 mode of payment 付款方式 arbitration 仲裁 fulfil contract 执行合同 give riseto disputes 引起争执，产生争议 business nagotiation 商务谈判 business line 业务范围，经营范围 term of payment 支付条件 time of shipment 装运时间 specification 规格 sales contract 销售合同 purchase contract 购买合同 consignment contract 寄售合同 contract proper 合同本身，合同正文 extention of contract 合同延期 claim 索赔 counter-offer还盘L9cross-border contract 进出口合同 clearing system 清算系统，清算制度 leverage杠杆作用 trade credit account贸易信货往来账户 centrally planned economy 中央计划经济 counter trade 抵消贸易 net position 实际头寸 bilateral agreement 双边协议 barter 易货贸易 vertical combination 垂直合并，纵向组合 raw materials原材料 trade credit account 贸易信货往来账户 hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀 competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值 protectionism贸易保护主义 financial market 金融市场 vertically related 纵向关联的 commit to 承诺，答应负责 processing trade 加工贸易 agency 代理 counter trade 对销贸易 L10financial status 财务状况 to open account 开立账户 consignment transaction 寄售交易 a usance draft 远期汇票 documentary collection 跟单托收 exchange rate fluctuation 汇率浮动变化 credit standing 资信状况 periodit payment 分期付款 sight draft即期汇票 document against payment（D/P）付款交单 financial status财务状况 crry out实行，完成 exchange ratefluctuations 汇率波动 documentary collection 跟单托收 peridic payments分歧付款 bill of lading提单 invoice 发票 insurance policy保险单 letter of credit信用证L11 impeccable documents 正确无误单据 correspondent bank 往来行 advising bank 通知行 correspondent bank 保兑行 transportation clause 运输条款 commercial letter of credit 商业信用证 the unifrom customsand practice统一惯例 the open /issuing bank 开证行 the beneficiary 受益人 transshipment 转船 physical delivery of the goods 实际交货 confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证 price term价格术语，价格条款 carrying vessel运载船只，载货船只 L12Clean credit 光票信用证 irrevocable credit 不可撤销的信用证sight credit即期信用证 deferred payment credit推迟付款信用证 non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证 revolving credit 循环信用证 confirmed credit 保兑信用证 usance credit 远期信用证face value票面价值 capital turnover资金周转 documenttary credit 跟单信用证 non-trade settlement 非贸易结算 go bankrupt破产L13Freight prepaid 运费预付 prepare documents 缮制单据consignor 托运人 consular invoice 领事发票 notify party 被通知人 consignee 收货人 airway bill 空运提单 certificate of origin 产地证书 shipping marks 运输标记 port of shipment 装运港 term of payment 付款条件 shipping marks 运输标记 certificate of health 健康证书 certificate of disinfection消毒证书 shipping advice 装船通知L14Contract carriers 契约承运人 intermediate product 半成品 inventory 库存 ultimate consumer 最终消费者 natural product provice产品自然领域 primitive mode of production 原始的生产方式 competition system 竞争机制 transportation system运输体系 the free movementof goods货物、资本、人员的自由流动 common carriers 公共承运人enterpreneur 企业家、业主 assemble 集合、聚集 commercial intercourse 商业交流 intercourse交际、交流 logistics system 后勤体系 L15Time lag 时差 claim on goods 对货物的索赔 All risks 一切险 premium 保险费 insurers 承保人margin 保证金 investment in stocks股票投资 cargo insurance 货物保险 foreign exchange serices外汇储备 the common pool 共同基金 the insured 投保人 the insurer 承保人 L16Insurablie interest 可保利益 settliment interest 理赔 freight forwarder 货运代理行 usmost good faith 最大诚信原则 valued policies 有价保单 subrogation 代位追偿 the doctrine of proximate cause近因原则 open policy 预约保单 FPA 平安险 WPA水渍险 L17Exchange rate 汇率 balance of payment 收支平衡 direct quote 直接标价 buying rate 买入价 financial policies 金融政策 gold standard 金本位制 par value 评价 the Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议 indirect quote 间接标价 resereve currecy 储备货币 fixed exchange rate 固定汇率 the International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织 domestic quote 直接标价 selling rate 卖出价 medial rate 中间价 L 18Financial resources 资金 retained capital 预留资金 grace period 宽限期 a specialized mandate 优惠期 direct investment 特殊使命 direct investment 直接投资 World capital market 借贷成本 the cost of borrowing 净收入 net earning 产权投资 equity investment 经济结构调整 IDA ：the International Development Association 国际开发协会 World Bank Group 世界银行集团 hard loans 硬货款 soft loans 软货款 private sector 私营经济 stand by arrangement 备用货款安排L19Tax holiday 免税期 Greenfield strategy 绿色地略 customer mobility 客户流动 investment returns 投资回报 start from scratch 白手起家 joint venture 合资公司 acquisition 并购 biogenetics 生物遗传学 Voluntary Export Restriction 自动出口限制 inventory 存货 customer mobility 客户流动 preferential policies 优惠政策 distribution network 销售网络 intellectual property 知识产权 strategic alliance战略联盟 L20Secondary capital 二级资本市场 government stock 政府债券 market maker 股票经营商 standary committee 常务委员会 underlying securities 基础证券 the Stock Exchange 证券交易所 ordinary share 普通股 compensation fund 补偿基金 potion 期权 gilt 金边债券 equities 普通股 fixed interest stocks 定息股 income tax 所得税 hedge 套期保值L 21Global trade rules 世界贸易规则 thereciprocal taeiff concession list 互惠关税减让表 a uniform tarriff system统一关税体系 the optimal use of the resources资源的最佳利用 a provisional treaty 临时条款 a consultative mechanism 协商机制 bilateral negotiation双边谈判 the signatory countries 签约国 full employment 充分就业 multiateral trade system 多边贸易体系 export subsidy 出口补贴 non-discrimitate principle 非歧视原则L22Escepe clause 豁免条款 a new economic order新经济秩序 trade concessions贸易减让 Special Drawing Rights 特别提款权 international organizations 国际组织 technology transfer 技术转让 conmodity agreement 商品协议 international monetary system国际货币体系 preferntial tariff优惠关税 less-develop countries 较不发达国家 non-discrimination principle 无差别待遇 Group of 77 77集团 Trade and Development Board 贸易发展理事会请重点熟练L1、L4、L5、L6、L9、L10、L11、L12、L 13、L 14、L15、L16、L19（特别是红色标记重点）L1What does international business refer to? Please tell the differernce between international business and domestic businesss .International business refers to transaction between in the form of stocks ,bonds,orcertificate.some major differences between international business and domestic business are: a. The countries involved often have different lagal systems ,and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law .b.Different countries usually use different currencies,Uncerrency.c.Culturadifferences.including language,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavior etc.often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.d.Countride vary in national and economics condition and may haue different policies towards foreign trade and investment,making internetional business more complex than domestic husiness.What is licensing?What is franchising?Please tell the difference between licensing and franchising?In licensing,a firm leases the right to use its intellectual peoperty to a firm in another country, Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing.under franchising ,a frim,called the franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,brand names,logos,and operanting techniques for royalty.In comparision with the relation between the licenser and the licensee,the franchiser has more control over andprovides more support for franchisee.What is an international turnkey project?In what way is its variant BOTdifferent from it?FOR an internetional turnkey project,a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major sifference between BOTand the common turnkey project.L4Describe briefly the characterstics of MNEs. They are usually enormous in size in term of the amount of annusl sales and of resources it control. They have a wide geographical spread,and seek to set up an intergrated production and distribution network in the world. MNCs enjoy longevity and rapid growth.They have a long development history and rapid growth record.Why is cecurity so important to MNEs?To safeguard its profit ,MNEs need to make sure that it can: protect their assets and investment from uncertain tiy and risk operate in an favorable environment.How are MNCs usually operated?And how are important decision made? The opertion of MNEs in under the control of parent MNE at their home countries. The affilicte MNEs also have their own decisinmaking mechanism,however the major decisiond,suche as those on corporate goals ,new invesments and their location are made by parent MNEsL5Why did international trade happen?There are several seasons.that can be attributed to this,of which two are the most important:the uneven distribution of natural resource and the demand for goods . The lack off natural resources, say,coal in Japan, forced Japan to trade with other countries for fuel, whilewhile the demand for high-tech products made in Japan force those who do not have the capacities to produce to trade with Japan.Thus the international trade take place.Which theory makes more sense,absolute,absolute advantage or comparative advantage?Comparative advantage sound more plausoute advantage,and also,a country still gains from trade for its products with comparetive advantages.Why comparative advantage is not static?Acountey may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions, independent of the endowments of nature. The best examlie is Swizerlands comparative advantage in watch-making.L6How is the cost advantage related to economies of scale?So-called economies of scale refers to the reduction of cost per unit ad a resule of the increase in quantity of production.If the two producers,say A and B,producing similar products,if Acan produce in large quantities,it will have a comparatively lower cost per unit.What are the important factors that one has to take into account when talking about the possibility of international specialization?Whether the internationlization will happen or not is decided bytrade patterns,economies of scale,innovation.The production capacity and conditions secide what a country can produce and trade,the economies of scale decides if a country has a cost advantage for the trade product, and the innovation decides if the traded product is competitive in the foreign market.What are the most common forms of non-tariff battiers?Quotas or quantitative restriction are the most common form of non tariff barriers.Aquota is a policy set by a government to restrict the volume of a certain omports.It is muchi more effective than tariff when increasing import price has little effect on the volume of imports.L9Please define counter tirade.What are the possible reasons for its attraction?An umbrella term for several sorts of trade in which the seller is required to accept goods or other instruments or trade,inpartial or whole payment for its products.Counter trade transactions include barter,buyback,or compensation,counterpurchase,offset requirements,and clearing agreements.Counter trade is allegedly popular in less developed countries and in planned economies,it attacted much interest in the past,Now as the landscape of economic system drastically changed recently,it attracts much more attention.What are the differences between old and current counter trade?Conceptually,the arrangements such as clearing systems under the old counter trade are credit account between familiar trading partners exchange unrelated goods,while current count trade partner are not necessarily familiar partners and goods exchange are sometimes vertically related.In which adpects do counter purchase and buyback differ from each other?The important difference between counter purchase and buyback is that in buyback the