processing and testing blood specimens采集加工和检测血液标本课件

1 Chapter48 PowerPoint toaccompany SecondEdition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright TheMcGraw HillCompanies Inc Permissionrequiredforreproductionordisplay MedicalAssistingChapter48 2 Objectives 48 1Discussthecompositionandfunctionofblood 48 2Describetheprocessforcollectingabloodspecimen 48 3Explaintheimportanceofconfirmingpatients identitiesandcorrectlyidentifyingbloodsamples 48 4Describehowtoperformvenipunctureandcapillarypunctureprocedures 48 5Identifytheequipmentandsuppliesrequiredforblooddrawingprocedures Collecting ProcessingandTestingBloodSpecimens 3 48 6Discussthecorrectproceduresfordisposingofwastegeneratedduringblood drawingprocedures 48 7Discusscommonfearsandconcernsofpatientsandhowtoeasethesefears 48 9Identifycommonbloodtestsandexplaintheirpurposes 48 10Performcertainbloodtests Objectives cont Collecting ProcessingandTestingBloodSpecimens 4 Introduction Youwillberesponsibleforcollectingbloodspecimensanddoingsometestinginthewaivedcategory Youwillbeintroducedtovenipunctureandcapillarycollectionprocedures Youwillalsolearntechniquesfordealingwithdifficulttypesofpatientsandhowtoefficientlyandeffectivelyobtainbloodsamples 5 RoleoftheMedicalAssistant Examinationofbloodcanprovideextensiveinformationaboutapatient scondition Basicunderstandingoftheanatomyandphysiologyofthecirculatorysystemwillhelpyouperformthesetasks 6 FunctionsofBlood Heartpumps8to12pintsofbloodthroughmorethan70 000milesofveins arteries andcapillaries Hematology thestudyofbloodHematologists studyitsfunctionandcomposition Bloodhasmanyfunctions allofwhichareimportanttooverallhealthofthebody 7 FunctionsofBlood cont Blooddoesallthefollowing Distributesoxygen nutrients andhormonestobodycellsEliminateswasteproductsMaintainsacid basebalanceRegulatesbodytemperatureAttacksinfectingpathogens 8 CompositionofBlood Plasma liquidinwhichothercomponentsaresuspendedRedbloodcells erythrocytes vitalroleininternalrespirationWhitebloodcells leukocytes protectthebodyagainstinfectionPlatelets thrombocytes crucialtoclotformation 9 ApplyYourKnowledge Whatarethreefunctionsofblood 10 ApplyYourKnowledge Answer Distributesoxygen nutrients andhormonestobodycellsEliminateswasteproductsMaintainsacid basebalanceRegulatesbodytemperatureAttacksinfectingpathogens Whatarethreefunctionsofblood 11 CollectingBloodSpecimens ReadingandinterpretingthetestorderAssemblingtheequipmentandsuppliesPreparingthepatientGreetingandidentifyingthepatient ConfirmingpretestpreparationsExplainingtheprocedureandsafetyprecautionsEstablishingchainofcustodyHandlingexposureincident 12 IdentifyingthePatient Askpatienttostatetheirfullname Besureyouhearboththefirstandlastnamescorrectly Verifythatthenamethepatientgivesisthenameontheorder Someplaces thephlebotomistmayaskforsocialsecurity patientID orchartnumbertofurtheridentifythepatient 13 DrawingBlood Somestatespermitmedicalassistantstoobtainbloodsamples YourofficewillclarifyyourdutiesVenipuncture punctureofaveinPhlebotomy puncturingaveinwithaneedletocollectbloodintoaneedleortube CommonSitesforVenipuncture 14 VenipunctureEquipment Evacuationsystem VACUTAINER specialdouble pointedneedle needleholder andcollectiontubesNeedleandsyringesystem useasterileneedleandasyringetodrawbloodspecimenButterflysystem wingedinfusionsetandsyringeCollectiontubes mustmixbloodwithappropriatesamplecontainers 15 VACUTAINER TheVACUTAINERsystemusesinterchangeablecollectiontubesthatallowyoutodrawseveralbloodspecimensfromthesamevenipuncturesite 16 CapillaryPuncture Superficialpunctureofskinwithsharppointtodrawsmallamountofblood Collectedinsmall calibratedglasstubes slides orreagentstrips 17 PatientNeeds AlleviatepatientsfearsorconcernsProvidemoreinformationabout PainBruisesorscarsSeriousdiagnosisContractingadiseasefromprocedure 18 Children TalkwithpatientorcaregiversbeforeworkingwithchildAddressthemdirectlySpeakcalmlyinsoothingvoiceExplaintheprocedurebrieflyintermstheycanunderstandKeepchildinformedofstatusofprocedure SpecialConsiderations 19 SpecialConsiderations cont ElderlyPatients ChangesinskinconditionsmakeelderlypatientspronetobruisingDecreasedcirculationmakesitdifficulttocollectenoughbloodSpeakinclear low pitchedtoneGivethepatienttimetorespondtoquestions 20 Patientsatriskofuncontrolledbleedingsuchashemophiliaortakingblood thinningdrugsBecarefulandalertHoldcottonballoverthepuncturesiteforatleast5minutesNotifyphysicianifbleedingisuncontrollable SpecialConsiderations cont 21 SpecialConsiderations cont Difficultvenipuncture Tryasecondtimeandthengivethepatientarest Faintingpatient Positionbeforevenipuncturesonoinjurywilloccur 22 Angryorviolentpatients EncouragepatienttosubmittotestandthentalkwithdoctorDonotforcetheissuePatienthastherighttorefuse SpecialConsiderations cont 23 ApplyYourKnowledge Whatisoneprecautionyoucantakewhendrawingbloodfromapatientwhohadhemophilia 24 ApplyYourKnowledge Answer Holdcottonballoverthepuncturesiteforatleast5minutesBecarefulandalertNotifyphysicianifbleedingisuncontrollable Whatisoneprecautionyoucantakewhendrawingbloodfromapatientwhohadhemophilia 25 PerformingCommonBloodTests Resultscanaidinthediagnosisofspecificconditions disease anddisordersChemicalsinlab AnticoagulantsSerumseparatorsStains 26 HazardousWaste Hazardouswasteproductsinclude BloodandbloodproductsBodyfluidsandtissueCulturesVaccinesSharpsGlovesSpeculaInoculatingloopsPaperproductcontaminatedwithbodyfluids 27 HematologicTests PerformedonvenousorcapillarybloodspecimensBloodcountsRedbloodcellsWhitebloodcellsPlateletsHematocritHemoglobin CentrifugedCapillarySample 28 Erythrocytesedimentationrate ESR measuresrateatwhichredbloodcellssettletothebottomofbloodsamplePutfreshlycollectedbloodintocalibratedtubeandplaceinsedimentationrackInonehourdeterminehowfartheredbloodcellshavefallenRecordinmm hr HematologicTests cont 29 ChemistryTests HighlydetailedtestsarenotperformedinPOLlabsbecauseofexpensive sophisticatedequipmentandtechniques Sometestssuchasbloodglucosemonitoringareoftenperformedbymedicalassistant 30 SerologicTests Detectpresenceofspecificsubstancesinbloodsamples Refertotheintroductionofanantigenorantibodyintothespecimenandtodetectspecificreactiontotheantigenorantibody Usedtodetectdiseaseantibodies drugs hormonesandvitamins 31 Immu