初三英语语法练习-人教版.doc

语法（一）名词一 基础知识梳理1 可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词分为单数和复数形式，单数名词可用a/an表示数量或类别。名词复数分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化： 一般在名词词尾加-s 如：cakecakes 以s, ch, sh, x等结尾的名词在词尾加-es.如：boxboxes 以辅音字母y 结尾的名词变y为i再加-es.如：citycities 以f或fe结尾的名词变f，fe为v再加-es.如：leafleaves 以o结尾的名词，有些加-es如：potatopotatoes;有些加-s如：radioradios不规则变化： 只有复数形式，如：clothes 单复数同形，如：sheep 形式上的复数，实际上是单数，如：physics 形式上的单数，实际上是复数，如：people 特殊变化：manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, childchildren, toothteeth不可数名词一般没有单数形式，在句中全部看作单数形式，也不能与a(an)或数词连用，表示数量得用“数词量数of名词”如：a piece of music。2 名词所有格有生命的东西的名词所有格构成： 单数名词后加s。如：the boys bike 不以s结尾的复数名词在词后加s。如：peoples son 以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加。如：the twins mother 为两个人或物共有的人或东西，只在后一个名词加s。如：Mary and Toms teacher；如不是两人共有的，分别在两个名词后加s如：Lilys and Lucys beds；表示无生命的东西的名词所有格常用介词of名词。如：the door of the house二 中考考题解析例1Im afraid that no for you in my car , because there are already five people.A. land B. groud C. room D. floor (2003年山西省中考题)解析：本题考查名词同义词辨析。题干中提到车子里没有地方，这里的地方应该是指空间，且不可数名词。正确答案是C。例2Ted, take some to school. Its so hot and you may feel thirsty. A. bread B. bananas C. oranges D. juice解析：本题考查名词的意义，通过句意判断要买的是饮料，正确答案是D。例3Are there any on the farm? Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (2004年沈阳市中考题)解析：本题考查名词的复数，sheep单数复数同形，正确答案是D。例4This is bedroom . The twin sisters like it very much . A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes （2004年河北省中考题）解析：本题考查名词的所有格，bedroom是单数，题中用it代替它，说明此卧室为两个人共有，正确答案是D。三 专项练习自测1. Use your , and youll find a good way. A. head B. mind C. heart D. eye2. There are twenty-eight days in . A. week B. month C. year D. February3. We can see some in the picture. A. ship B. sheep C. shop D. cup4. Yesterday afternoon I saw a in the restaurant. A. Germany B. American C. English D. German5. The hospital is not far from here. Its only five walk. A. minute B. minutes C. minutes D. minutes6. Mary is an American girl. I got to know her through an English newspaper. We are . A. classmates B. sisters C. writers D. pen friends7. National Day is coming. We will have a holiday. A. seven day B. seven days C. seven-day D. seven-days8. - Oh, there isnt enough for us on the bus. - It doesnt matter. Lets wait for the next. A. room B. place C. ground D. floor9. - Please give me a when you arrive in London, Yang Hua. - OK. Ill tell you everything when I get there. A. newspaper B. ring C. TV set D. ticket10. There is little in the fridge, Lets go and buy some coke, juice and tea. A. fruit B. drink C. meat D. wine11. - Whos that woman? - Thats aunt. A. Jim and Kate B. Jims and Kate C. Jim and Kates D. Jims and Kates12. - Wheres your father? - At . A. Mr. Chens B. The Mr. Chens C. Chens D. The Chens13. - Wheres the church? - Its from our school. A. two hours drive B. two hour drive C. two hours drive D. two hours drive14. - Whats on the table? - Theres a lot of on it. A. oranges B. apples C. food D. pears15. - Would you have some ? - Here you are. A. eggs and milk B. egg and milk C. eggs and milks D. egg and milks代词一 基础知识梳理1人称代词的主格与宾格主格用做句子的主语。宾格放在动词或介词后面做句子的宾语或表语。如：I give him a book.人称代词it可用来表示距离,季节,时间,天气,温度等，也可用来表示不知性别、不明身份的人，有时也可指婴儿。如：Its 2 kilometres from my home to the park. 2形容词性与名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能作定语。名词性物主代词可作主语,表语或宾语,不能作定语，其后不可接名词。名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词如：Is that his ruler? Yes.Its his. 3反身代词反身代词在句中可以作宾语，表语或同位语。常见的搭配有 by oneself, enjoy oneself,help oneself, teach oneself 等。 4指示代词指示代词有this, that, these, those等。打电话时常用that问对方是“谁”，用this介绍自己。 5疑问代词疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which，一般放在句首，构成特殊疑问句。 6不定代词不定代词主要有：some, any, no, both, all, each, every, other(s),another, neither, many, much, few, a few, little, a little等。 some, anysome一般用于肯定句，any用于疑问句,否定句及条件句中。但some还可用在表示请求、邀请、建议等疑问句或说话人希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中。 many, much, few, a few, little, a little,many, much主要用于否定句和疑问句中，在肯定句中多用a lot of等。many修饰可数名词的复数，反义词是few。much修饰不可数名词，反义词是little。few, a few用来修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little用来修饰或指代不可数名词。few, little表示否定，a few, a little表示肯定。 the other, anotherthe other指两个中另一个，another指三个或三个以上的“又一”“再一”。 both, neither, either, all, noneboth“两者都”，谓语动词用复数形式。neither“两者都不”，谓语动词用单数形式。either“两者任何一个”，谓语动词用单数形式，作定语时只能修饰单数名词。all“全部”，表肯定。none“全部不”，表示全体否定。 each, everyeach指两者或两者以上，侧重个别情况。every指三者或三者以上，侧重全体而不在个别。二 中考考题解析例1 This machine is very easy to use. can learn to use it in a very short time.A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Few people (2003年南昌市中考题)解析：本题考查不定代词的词义的用法。根据语境我们得知机器很容易使用，所以“任何人”在短期内都可以学会。正确答案是B。例2 Is this your sweater joy?No, its not sweater. is yellow.A. my, My B. my, Mine C. mine, Mine D. mine, My ( 2004年哈尔滨市中考题)解析：本题考查物主代词的用法。形容词性物主代词后要接名词，名词性的物主代词不能接名词。正确答案是B。例3 Do you know the woman in the red dress?Certainly. Shes Mrs Xu. She teaches chemistry.A. our B. us C. we D. ours (2004吉林省中考题)解析：本题考查人称代词的用法。放在动词之后，应用人称代词宾格。正确答案为B。例4 Joan and Ricky are too busy to help us. Lets do it .A. herself B. himself C. themselves D. ourselves (2004年山西省中考题)解析：本题考查反身代词的用法。题干的意思是“John and Ricky太忙了，帮不了我们，只有我们自己去做”。正确答案是D。三 专项练习自测1. Mr Wang has three daughters. of them are college students. A. Each B. Every C. Both D. All2. I want to borrow some money from Kate, but she hasnt . A. some B. any C. money D. one3. If you dont work hard, you may fall behind students. A. the other B. other C. others D. the others4. We worked out the maths problems , didnt ? A. ourselves; us B. ourselves; we C. ourselves; our D. ourselves; ours5. Your handwriting is better than . A. I B. me C. mine D. my6. Im old enough to wash clothes by myself. You can just wash . A. my; your B. your; my C. my; yours D. mine; yours7. Two languages are the most widely used. One is Chinese, is English. A. another one B. another C. the other D. the others8. We want to go to see the animals. But of us knows how to get to the zoo. A. All B. None C. No one D. Nobody9. We couldnt eat in the restaurant because of us had money. A. any; no B. all; no C. none; any D. no one; any10. - Is ready for the party? - Not yet .We still need to buy some fruit and drink. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything11. That river is very dangerous .So people swim there. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little12. Those coats in this shop are more expensive than . A. those in that shop B. those coats C. in the shop D. any other students13. Wu Feng is taller than in his class. A. any B. any other C. any other student D. any other students14. Sorry, I cant answer your questions, because I know about the subject. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little15. I hope there are enough glasses for each person to have . A. it B. those C. them D. one16. - Nice to see you, Mrs Liu. - . A. Me, too. B, The same to you. C. Thank you. D. I, too.17. I found impossible for to solve the problem. A. it; he B. it; him C. that; him D. that; he18. - Hello, who is speaking? - is Joy speaking. A. this; That B. it; it C. that; This D. that; She19. - Is that man your teacher? - Yes, teaches maths this term. A. He; us B. He; our C. She; us D. She; our20. I dont like of the skirts. Please show me a third one. A. any B. one C. either D. both数词一 基础知识梳理1 基数词表示数目的多少用英语表达数字时，十位与个位之间有连字符，百位与千位之间有and 。表示概数时用固定短语，如：hundreds of , thousands of , millions of2 序数词表示数目的顺序序数词前常加the，与不定冠词a连用表示“又一，再一”。3 分数的表达方式分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s，如2/3 two thirds.二 中考考题解析例1This bridge is about long.A. five hundred metre B. five hundreds metresC. five hundred metres D. five hundreds metre (2004年西宁市中考题)解析：本题考查数词的基本用法。当hundred前有具体数词修饰时不能用复数，因此，排除B和D。另外metre是可数名词，故正确答案是C。例2- Whats one fourth and a half, do you know? -Yes, its . A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixths （2004年杭州市中考题）解析：本题考查分数的表达，根据句意1/4 + 1/2 = 3/4， 正确答案是B。例3There are people in my family. We live on the floor in a building. A. five; six B. fifth; sixth C fifth; six D. five; sixth （2004年长沙市中考题）解析：本题考查基数词与序数词的区别。家里有5个人用基数词，住在第六层用序数词。正确答案是D。三 专项练习自测1. December is month of the year. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelve D. the twelfth2. foreigners come to China every year. A. Thousands B. Three thousands C. Thousands of D. Thousand of3. Wednesday is the day of the week. A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth4. Mr Li will be back in . A. one or two days B. one day or two C. a or two days D. a day or two 5. There are usually days in February. A. 27 B. 28 C. 30 D. 316. - Whats the English for “6:05”? - Its . A. six to five B. six past five C. five to six D. six five7. Eight billion one hundred and thirty-two thousand and eight-seven is . A.8,000,132,000 B.8,132,000,000 C. 8,000,132,087 D. 8,000,132,1878. The Olympic Games are held once . A. every four years B. every four year C. every-four-year D. each fourth year9. - holiday is coming. What are you going to do? - Ive no idea. A. Seven days B. Seven-days C. Seven-day D. Seven-days10.The date “July 21st , 2004”reads .A. July twenty-one, two thousand and four B. July twenty-first, two thousand and fourC. July the twenty-first, two thousand and fourD. July the twenty-one, two zero zero four介词一 基础知识梳理介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，常与动词构成短语动词与名词构成介词短语。下面归纳几种常用的介词：1 in , at , on , toin ,at ,on 可以表示时间，in 表示一段时间。at 多用于钟点时刻前。on 主要在星期几，具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。in , at , on 还可以表示地点。in 表示国家城市等大地方，at 表示某一点或用于小地点前。in表示“在里面”，on表示“在上”。in , to , on 可表示方位，in表示在某一地区之间的方位（属于该范围），on 表示与某一地区的比邻关系，to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）。2 between , among between 常指“在（两者）之间”，among“在（三者或三者以上的人或物之间）。3 above , over , on , below , underabove和over都表示“在上方”。above指在上方的任意一点，表示在某物上的高低位置，不接触，反义词为below。 over一般指垂直方向，反义词under 。on “在上面”且互相接触。4 by , in , within 用来表示“用语言，声音等”，也可表示“用工具，材料等”。by后一般跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词（其前不用冠词）“用手段或方式”。with表示借助于某一具体的工具，材料或人体器官。5 in , after in ,after都可用来表示“在以后”。in 表示从现在算到若干时间以后，in只可接时间段，in+一段时间，常用于将来时。after表从过去算起到若干时间以后，后可接时间段或时间点，after+时间点 也可用于将来时。6 across , through , past across表示“从表面穿过”或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作，表示游渡乘船过海时用across。 through表示“从中间穿过”。past表示“从旁边经过”。初中常见有介词固定搭配的词组：agree with , at first , at night , at once , at the age of , at the beginning/end/head of , at the moment , at times , at the same time , be famous for , be full of , be good at , be interested in, bemade of/in , be pleased with , be proud of , be used for , by plane/sea , by the way , catch up with,come in/on , come over , come out , come up with , do well in , drop off , fall behind , fall off ,find out , first of all , for example , fromto , get on well with , get on , give up , hard in , hear of,help yourself to , helpwith , hold on , hour after hour , in a hurry , in English , in fact , in front , in front of , in the air , in the end , in the future , in this way , in time , instead of , kinds of , later on , laugh at , learn from , leavebehind , listen to , live on , look after , look at ,look for , looklike , look out , look up , make room for , multiplyby ，next to , not at all , on display , on earth ，on foot , no ones way to , no show , on the left/right , on the other hand , on time , on watch , out of , pay for , play a joke on , point at , point to , put on , put up , put off, regardas , ring up , run out , say goodbye to , speak highly of , stand in line , step into , stop from , take care of , talk about , talk with , the day after tomorrow , the day before yesterday , to ones surprise , try on , try out , turn down/off/on , up and down , wait for , wake up , what about , work out 二 中考考题解析例1Dont tell anybody about it , keep it you and me.A. with B. in C. between D. among （2004年山西省中考题） 解析：本题考查介词的用法。between 指两者之间，among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间，正确答案是C。例2My grandfather often reads newspapers breakfast.A. on B. in C. at D. of (2004年昆明市中考题)解析：本题考查介词on , in , at 在表达时间时的区别。在表示时间的一点、一时刻时通常用介词at； in指某个较长的时间内；在具体时日和一个特定的时间前用on，因此正确答案是C。例3Xinjiang is one of the largest provinces in China. Its the northwest of China. A. at B. in C. to D. from解析：本题考查介词in , to 表示方位的区别。in表示某一地区的范围内，to表示某一地区之外， 在范围外，正确答案是B。例4The engineer will return from Macao a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after (2003年昆明市中考题)解析：本题考查in , after表示时间的区别。in后跟一段时间，用于将来时；after后跟一个时间点。正确答案时B。三 专项练习自测1. His father was late the meeting yesterday. A. at B. for C. to D. in2. the help of TV we can know more about many other countries. A. Under B. On C. With D. About3. The teacher came into the classroom a book in her hand.A. for B. had C. of D. with4. These beautiful flowers are made silk. A. about B. by C. of D. with5. The men red sports shirts are the players of Guoan Team. A. at B. in C. from D. with6. He likes the book a lot. He spend twenty-eight yuan it. A. on B. in C. by D. at7. Han Mei is better than me dancing. A. at B. in C. of D. for8. I often have some vegetables lunch at school. A. in B. for C. of D. to 9. Which events was he this sports meeting? A. at B. of C. on D. in10. Thats very kind you. I know its very difficult you. A. for; for B. of; of C. for; of D. of; for11. The park is very beautiful, with flowers growing the river bank. A. across B. along C. round D. through12. Thank you your help. I finished the work in time. A. for B. to C. of D. with13. We arrive Nan jing late night. And soon I found a hotel. A. in; in B. at; at C. at; in D. in; at14. They didnt come here business, but a holiday. A. for; on B. on; at C. on; for D. for; for15. a young man, you should be always ready help others. A. As; to B. Like; to C. As; for D. Like; for连词一 基础知识梳理连词可以连接词与词、短语与短语及句子与句子。连词分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。1 初中学过的并列连词有：and , but , not onlybut also，so ,or , neithernor , as well as , bothand, whetheror , eitheror2 初中学过的从属连词有：when , while , as , after , before , since , until /till , as soon as , because , if , unless , even though , though/although , as if, than , as as , so that , sothat ,suchthat , whether二 中考考题解析例1 -Shall we go on working?-Yes, I prefer to have a rest . A. when B. if C. because D. though (2004年江西省中考题)解析：本题考查从属连词的辩义。从上下文语境中看出，“虽然想休息，但是还得继续工作”。因此正确答案是D。例2-I really want to know SunYao is. - It is said that he is much better these days.