高一英语 定语从句 Grammar Attributive Clause课件 牛津版必修1.ppt

attributiveclauses whatisattributive alovelygirlsomethingnewtheboyinwhite 1 thegirl issittinginthechairisagoodsinger 2 theskirt maryboughttwoyearsagoisold 3 isthisthenovel youintroducedtome 4 whereistheboy brokethewindow 5 luckilynoneofthepeople iknowwerekilledintheearthquake who that which that that which who that who whom attributiveclause 定语从句 概念在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 heisanenglishteacherwholikessingingsongs 定语从句 先行词 引导词 引导词 关系代词 who whom that which whose 关系副词 where when why 注意 1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分 2当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略 当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的 关系代词也可省略 3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致 4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种 5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略 关系词的作用 1 连接作用把主句和从句连接起来2 替代作用在从句中代替在它前面的先行词3 成分作用在从句中充当一个成分 例1 theman gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher that who 指人 that who 主语 例2 theboy thenurseislookingafterismyfriend who whom that 指人 who whom that 宾语 可省略 例3 thecar isredwasdamagedyesterday that which 指物 that which 主语 例4 thequestion idon tunderstandisaboutgrammar that which 指物 that which 宾语 可省略 titanicistheship sankafterhittinganiceberg which that yexinisanursediedinthefightagainstsars anurse dieinthefightagainstsars who that itusedtobeasmalltown itisnolongerasmalltown itisnolongerthesmalltownthatitusedtobe 作表语 ourhometownisnolongertheone that itusedtobe ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe whichwomanisateacher thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher 1thewomanisateacher 2thewomanlivesnextdoor theboysarefromgradeone theboysareplayingbasketball theboysarefromgradeone who thatareplayingbasketball theboyswho thatarefromgradeoneareplayingbasketball 2 thenurseiskind thenurselooksaftermysister thenurseiskind who thatlooksaftermysister 3 wewatchedtheplay teahouse theplaywaswrittenbylaoshe wewatchedtheplay teahouse which thatwaswrittenbylaoshe 4 theyoungmanisafamouswriter yousawtheyoungmanyesterday theyoungmanisafamouswriter whom who thatyousawyesterday 5 thisisthehouse luxunoncelivedinthehouse thisisthehouse which thatluxunoncelivedin 6 whereisthegirl youtalkedwithherlastsunday whereisthegirl who whom thatyoutalkedwithlastsunday 关系代词的用法 一 由who whom whose引导的定语从句 who用作主语 whom用作宾语 whose用作定语 whose n the n of whom whichthisisthemanwhohelpedme thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom2e mrkingwasquicklytakentohospital herlegswerebadlyhurt her weshallmakeadecisionaboutmsking ihavetoldyouherstory her whichhouseismine 房顶是棕色的房子是我的 thehouseismine whoseroofisbrown myhouse iknowthedoctor hisdaughterstudiesabroad iknowthedoctorwhosedaughterstudiesabroad haveyouseenmybook thebook scoverisred haveyouseenmybookwhosecoverisred whose在定语从句中作定语 表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系 whose多指人 也可指物 指物时可与ofwhich互换使用 指人时可用ofwhom thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue doyouknowthemanwhosenameiswangyu doyouknowthemanthenameofwhomiswangyu marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhichisred yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman husbanddiedinthataccident a whichb whosec ofwhichd that b who特殊情况先行词是all everyone one ones anyone且做主语时用who anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere 先行词是those时 用who thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere 注意 whom which作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在关系代词之前 也可放在原来的位置上 但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中 介词只能放在原来的位置上 thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor thisisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking 1 haveyoueverreadthebook therearemanypictures 2 theman hehadatalkyesterdayisadoctor 3 thegentleman youjustspokeisourheadmaster 4 thisisthenewbicycle ispentfivehundreddollars 5 herearethetabletennisplayers some areouroldfriends theschoolhas2600students twothirds aregirls inwhich 三 由that引导的定语从句 that在从句中可以指人或物 在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语 但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语 thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy thisistheschool which that youwillstudyin 注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句 先行词是不定代词all few little much something nothing anything等 allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth 先行词被序数词 thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰 thefirstthingthatilearnedwillneverbeforgotten thisisthemostinterestingfilmthatihaveeverseen 先行词被all any every each few little no some等修饰 ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme 先行词被theonly thevery修饰 thisistheverypenthatiamlookingfor heistheonlypersonthatiwanttotalkto 先行词既有人又有物时 theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered 当句中已有who或which时 为避免重复 whoisthemanthatistalkingtojohn 如有两个定语从句 其中一个已经用了which 则另一个用that edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen 6 当先行词为way时 定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况 that inwhich或不填 idon tlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank a thatb whichc inwhichd b 7 在it stime句型中 后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句 通常有下面几种句型 itis high about timethat主语 过去式itis序数词timethat主语 谓语 现在完成时 itishightimethati todothephysicshomework a gob wentc shallgod havegone itisthefirsttime hehasbeenhere a thatb whenc atwhichd which b a 8 oneof 复数名词 who which that 复数谓语the only oneof 复数名词 who which that 单数谓语sheisoneofthestudentswho praisedatthemeetingyesterday a wasb werec isd areheistheonlyoneofthestudentswho awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears a isb arec havebeend hasbeen b d 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 由where引导的定语从句 定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时 常用where引导 abookofficeisaplacewhereticketsaresold where在从句中做状语 相当于一个介词短语 在本句中相当于inwhich 所以此句可以改为 abookofficeisaplaceinwhichticketsaresold 因此定语从句中关系副词where 介词 which 2 定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时 常用when引导 istillremembertheyearwhenwestudiedtogether when在从句中时间状语 其作用相当于一个 介词 关系代词 istillremembertheyear which that westudiedintogether istillremembertheyearinwhichwestudiedtogether thisisthehousewherehelives thisisthehouse helives thisisthehouse helivesin inwhich which that 3 由why引导的定语从句 关系副词why的先行词只有reason 在从句中表示原因状语 doyouknowthereasonwhyileftearly why在从句中作原因状语 其作用相当于forwhich doyouknowthereason ileftearly 但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语 而是作宾语时仍用that which thereason hegaveuswasunacceptable forwhich that which 关系代词和关系副词的选用 在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定 有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同 1 thisisthefactorywhich thatproducestvsets thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked inwhich 2 i llneverforgetthedaythat whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside i llneverforgetthedaywhenhishousewasbrokeninto onwhich 介词 关系词引导定语从句介词 关系代词引导的定语从句多用于正式文体中 这样的关系代词主要是which whom whose thisisthehouseinwhichmygrandfatheroncelived thefilmofwhichi mspeakingistobeshownnextweek thisisthemanfromwhomilearnthenews 注意 这类句子中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾 这时关系代词可省略 thisistheperson whom youaregoingtoworkwith 如何选用结构中的介词 根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配onwhichispentfiveyuan forwhichipaidfiveyuanthisisthebookfromwhichilearntalotinwhichtherearefewnewwordsaboutwhichtomoftentalks 根据先行词的搭配习惯thedayonwhichijoinedtheleague istillrememberthedaysduringwhichilivedinthecountry theyearsinwhichistayedthere 四 as引导的定语从句 as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句 并在从句中做主语 表语和状语 构成thesame as such as等结构 iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid ilikethesamebookasyoudo as引导非限制性定语 在从句中做主语 表语或宾语 这个定语从句说明整个句子 可以放在主句之前 之中和之后 theexperimentisveryimportant asindeeditis asisknowntoall hestudiesveryhard asweallknow chinaisadevelopingcountry 常用于这种类似插入语的句式有asissaidabove asisalreadymentionedabove asisknowntoall asitis asisoftenthecase asisreportedinthenewspaper 注意 which和as的区别是 which不能放在句首 而as则可以 在句中时 as有 正如 就像 之意 而which没有 下列每句均有一处错误 请找出并改正 1 theytalkedforhalfanhourofthethingsandpersonswhotheywoulddealwithafewdayslater 2 whoisthemanwhowaspraisedatthemeeting 3 isthisthefarmwhereyouvisitedtheotherday 4 isthisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek 5 iwanttobuythesamedictionarythatyouhave that that that as 巩固练习 finallythethiefhandedeverything hehadstolentothepolice whichb whatc whateverd that2 hetoldmeall heknew whichb whatc thatd how3 hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer ofcoursemadethingsevenworse whob whomc whatd which 4 istheriver throughthattownverylarge whichflowsb flowsc thatflowingd whoseflows5 themostimportantthing weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing ihavesaid a which thatb that whichc which whichd that that6 thesongs shesangintheconcertyesterdaysounded a beautifullyb that wonderfullyc which welld nice 7 theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood wehadn texpected a whenb thatc whichd what8 youmaykeepany youfind a thatb whichc whatd whom9 inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp towhomb whoc fromwhomd that10 thegreatwallisthelastplace mr smithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesbeijing a whereb whichc d what 11 theystudyinasmallclassroom floorisbroken a whoseb whichc whered that12 nextsundayistheonlyday hecansparetojoinus a thatb whichc whend onwhich13 heisn ttheman heusedtobe a thatb whomc whod which14 pleasepassmethedictionary coverisblack a whichb whichofc itsd whose 15 throughpracticewecanlearnalot cannot frombooks a which belearnedb that learnc which learnd that belearned 4 isthisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek thisisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek thisfactoryiswhichyouvisitedlastweek thisisthefactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek isthisthefactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek thisfactoryistheonewhichyouvisitedlastweek isthisfactorytheonewhichyouvisitedlastweek which引导的非限制性定语从句 ihavelostmypen whichilikeverymuch shewasawardedagold