高中英语词性变化和词性转换.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除一、合成有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。 如：合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。fire + man -fireman good+looking -good-looking any+time -anytime一、派生1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义反义词：un: healthy-unhealthy usual-unusual happy-unhappydis: honest-dishonest appear-disappear like-dislike cover-discoverim: possible-impossiblein: dependent -independent2、后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性（1）名词后缀：-er: managemanager, own-owner, record-recorder report-reporter, teach-teacher, wait-waiter win-winner, work-worker , write-writer-or: visit-visitor , act-actor, invent-inventor-ress: wait-waitress, act-actress-(t)ion: inventinvention, pollute-pollution, attractattraction, suggest-suggestion collect-collection, locate-location, operate-operation, protect-protection solve-solution, add-addition2、后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性（1）名词后缀：-ation: invite-invitation, organize-organization-(s)ion: discuss-discussion, decide-decision-ment: develop-development, amuse-amusement advertise-advertisement-ce: enter-entrance-ing: meet-meeting, paint-painting, say-saying begin-beginning, build-building2、后缀： 加后缀一般改变词性（2）名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词-ist: science-scientist, artartist, tourtourist-er: farm-farmer, engine-engineer, law-lawyer(3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词-ness: kindkindness, illillness;-ty: safe-safety, difficult-difficulty, honest-honesty-ity: electricelectricity, nationalnationality, activeactivity, ableability-th: truetruth, longlength-ce:differentdifference, importantimportance-dom: freefreedom, wisewisdom,(2) 动词后缀：1. 名词+ize变成动词：-ize: memory-memorize2. 形容词+en 变成动词： widewiden(3). 形容词后缀：1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词-ed: ageaged, woundwounded-ful: powerpowerful, carecareful, useuseful successsuccessful, wonderwonderful-y: windwindy, rainrainy, cloudcloudy snowsnowy, sunsunny, lucklucky noisenoisy, healthhealthy, funfunny,-ly: lovelovely, friendfriendly, -ive: actactive-al: educationeducational, officeofficial, nationnational, naturenatural, personpersonal, traditiontraditional, physicalphysical-cal: historyhistorical, chemistrychemical, medicinemedical-en: goldgolden, woodwooden-(i)an: AustraliaAustralian, CanadaCanadian ItalyItalian, AmericaAmerican(4)名词+less 变成形容词，有相反的意思-less: home-homeless, care-careless, helphelplesslifelifeless, useuseless;动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词：-ful: forgetforgetful, helphelpful, thankthankful-able: availavailable, enjoyenjoyable,changechangeable,-ive: attractattractive动词+ed, ing变成形容词-ed: woundwounded, fryfried, pleasepleased,surprisesurprised, interestinterested,exciteexcited-ing: amuseamusing, interestinteresting surprisesurprising, excite-exciting(4)副词后缀： 形容词+y, ly 变副词-y: gentlegently, possiblepossibly-ly: accurateaccurately, angryangrily, beautifulbeautifully, generalgenerally,clearclearly, completecompletely, finalfinally luckyluckily, loudloudly, mainmainly, quickquickly, quietquietly, realreally, recentrecently, usualusually, safesafely slowslowly, seriousseriously, softsoftly widewidely, truetruly, carefulcarefully, happyhappily, heavyheavily, immediate-immediately(5)基数词后缀：-teen : fourfourteen, fivefifteen, -ty: threethirty, eighteighty,(6) 序数词后缀：-th: five-fifth, six-sixth, nineteennineteenth, ninety-ninetieth, nineninth特别注意：Anna Petrov 安娜?帕特罗夫（女名）onefirstfirstlyonce极好的twose