高中英语 module4language point课件 外研版必修3.ppt

modulefoursandstormsinasialanguagepoints 一 keywords 1 ithaslastedfortenhoursandwasveryfrightening last v 1 for sometime持续 历时 你看这样的好天气能持续多久 howlongdoyouthinkthisfineweatherwilllast thisperiodwilllast45minutes 2 out 持续 持久 坚持 howlongcantheylastoutwithoutfood willthepetrollast out tillwereachlondon he sveryillandprobablywon tlast out thenight 3 耐久 支持 thiscoatlasts washeswell thepenwriteswell theapplesellswell lastingadj 持续很长一段时间的alastingeffect interest relationship持久的效力 兴趣 关系 thefoodwilllastusafewmoredays 2 renjianbodescribedaterriblesandstormheexperiencedas hewas achildinthedesert describe v 1 描述某人 某事物 叙述某事物 形容 那景色之美难以言传 wordscannotdescribethebeautyofthescene 3 s b s thassth adj 叫做 称做 他自称是医生 hedescribeshimselfasadoctor 萨拉说他很害羞 sarahdescribedhimasshy ashyboy themanwasdescribedastallanddark andagedabout20 2 describesth tosb description nmake writeadescriptionofsth beyonddescription imagination avividdescriptiondescriptive adj 3 whenasandstormarrivesinthecity weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout advise v doingsth sb not todosth sbagainst doing sth that should dohisadviceisthatweallshouldtakeourstudyseriously hisadvicethatweshouldtakeourstudyseriouslyisreasonable 4 sandstormsinchinaappeartohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultofdesertification appear似乎 看起来 好像 tobe adj n todo tohavedone tobedoing tohavebeendoneit sthat asif e g she s tobe happyatthegoodnews it stoberaining he stohavedoneit it s that hewillwintheprize it s asif hewillwintheprize 二 keyphrases 1 desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass cutdown a 砍倒 cutdownatree砍倒一棵树 b 缩短某物 删减某物 yourarticle stoolong pleasecutitdownto1000words cutdownone sexpenses减少开支 d cutsth down tosth 说服某人降低价格 这辆汽车他要价400英镑 但是我们把价杀到350英镑 heasked400forthecar butwecutthepricedownto 350 digup a 挖掘 wedugupthetreebyitsroots 我们将树连根挖起 b fig比喻 找出 情报等 透露某事 newspaperslovetodigupscandal 报纸就是爱把丑事儿揭出来 2 treestakeincarbondioxideandgiveoutoxygen takesbin a 收留 他无家可归 我们就收留了他 hewashomeless sowetookhimin b 欺骗 蒙蔽某人 iwastakeninbythesalesman 推销员欺骗了我 youwon ttakemeinthateasily d 将 衣服 改瘦 小 iftheskirtistoobig wecantakeinthewaist c 理解 吸收 ifindithardtotakeinwhatheteaches ihopeyou retakinginwhati msaying e includethepricetakesinthecostofalltheaccommodationandfood 3 tohavebeencaughtinasandstormisaterribleexperience onmywayhome iwascaughtinadownpour becaughtin陷入 遇到 进退两难 bestuckin betrappedin ifyoutakeoverdora sjob youaresuretobecaughtinthemiddle 如果接替多拉的工作 你一定会被搞得进退两难 giveout 1 vi a 用完 消耗尽 精疲力竭 afteramonththeirfoodsuppliesgaveout 过了一个月 他们的食物已消耗殆尽 herpatiencefinallygaveout 她终於失去了耐性 b 指发动机等 停止运转 停机 出故障 oneoftheplane senginesgaveoutinmid atlantic飞机在大西洋中部飞行时 其中一个发动机出了故障 2 vt a 分发或散发某物 theteachergaveouttheexaminationpapers b 送出或发出某物 giveoutalotofheat 释放出很多热量 c 宣布或广播某事 总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了 thenewsofthepresident sdeathwasgivenoutinaradiobroadcast 3 citizenswakeuptoanorangesky wakeupto howdelighteditistowakeuptoaclearblueskyeverymorning it stimeyouwokeuptothefactthattheworldoutsideistough havenootherchoicebuttodosth can thelp choosebutdos th can tbutdosth ihavenootherchoicebuttostudyhard ican thelp choosebutstudyhard 5 icouldn tagreemore lessitcouldn tbeworse itcouldn tbebetter 4 thefirstletterisprovidedforyou providesbwithsth providesthforsbsupplysbwithsth supplysthtosboffersbsth offersthtosb 5 thegarbageisthentakenawayand ifpossible recycled ifpossible ifitispossibleifso ifnecessary ifany ifnot 三 keypatterns 1 thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee make think find belive feel suppose it adj todo doing that eg wefounditdifficulttogetalongwithhim wethoughtitwrongwastingourtime hefounditstrangethatnooneelsehadarrived shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem ithinkitnogoodgoingtherenow theheadmasterhasmadeitclearthattheschoolmeetingwillnotbeputoff 动词不定式 grammar 1 不定式的形式 以动词do为例 否定式 not todo toteachenglishismyjob weplantopayavisit heseemstoknowalot themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisputoff theteacherorderedtheworktobedone tocatchthefirstbus hegotupearly 1 一般式 所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或表示将来 theboypretendedtobeworkinghard heseemstobereadinginhisroom 2 进行式 所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 3 完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前 iregrettedtohavetoldalie ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm heispleasedtohavemethisfriend tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard toloseyourheartmeansfailure 1 作主语 动词不定式短语作主语时 常用it作形式主语 例如上面两句可用如下形式 itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart herjobistocleanthehall heappearstohavecaughtacold 2 作表语 作表语的不定式带to与不带to 作表语的不定式通常带to 当主语部分含有实义动词do 不定式作表语可省to theonlythingicandois to wait whatyoushoulddois to studyhard 如果不定式 宾语 后面有宾语补足语 则用it作形式宾语 真正的宾语 不定式 后置 放在宾语补足语后面marxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinrussia 3 作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有 agree ask beg choose expect fail help hope learnmanage offer plan pretend promise prefer refuse want wish ihavenochoicebuttostayhere hedidnothinglastsundaybutrepairhisbike thereisnothingtodobutwait 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语 动词不定式与疑问词连用作宾语 hegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnenglish find feel consider think make it adj n todoifinditpossibletoaskthequestion can thelpbutdo can tchoosebutdo can tbutdo 4 作宾语补足语 want wish ask tell order beg permit help advise persuade allow prepare cause force callon waitfor invite isawhimcrosstheroad hewasseentocrosstheroad 有些动词如make let have see find watch observe notice listento hear feel与不带to的不定式连用 但改为被动语态时 不定式要加to getsth sb todohegotthecartostart 5 作定语 动词不定式作定语 与所修饰名词有如下关系 ihaveameetingtoattend 动宾关系 不定式为不及物动词时 应用介词 hefoundagoodhousetolivein thechildhasnothingtoworryabout haveyougotanythingtosend haveyougotanythingtobesent saidthesecretary iwillgotothepostoffice becauseihavesomeletterstopost doyouhaveanyletterstobeposted ihavemassesofclothestowash doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed 如果句子的主语是不定式的执行者 不定式用主动 如果句子的主语不是不定式的执行者 不定式用被动 wehavemadeaplantofinishthework 说明所修饰名词的内容 heisthefirsttogethere newtonisthefirsttodiscoverthelawofgravitation heisthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语 heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain 6 作状语 表目的 hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone 表结果 ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout thedisastroustornadooccurred causingsomanydeathsandinjuries it stoodarkforustoseeanything thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer 表程度 totellyouthetruth idon tlikethewayhetalked tobehonest tobefrank ifeelhappytobewithyou 8 表原因iamhappytoseeyou nicetomeetyou 7 作独立成分 remembertodo doingforgetto doingregrettodo doingmeantodo doingtrytodo doingstoptodo doing 1doyouknowwhen go tothefarm 2pleaseremember lock thedoorwhenyouleavetheroom 3pleasedon tforget ask mrjohnsontocometomorrowparty 4it sgood help otherswhentheyareintrouble 5iwant start workatonce themandownstairstoldthemanupstairsnot drop hisshoesontotheflooratmidnightanymore togo tolock toask tohelp tostart todrop 1youmustbehungry i llgetsomething eat 2unclewangtoldthemhow make aplanewithwoodandmetal 3thequestionishow get tothetopofthemountainquickly 4shedidn tknowwhat say atthem