高中英语 事实细节题的解题技巧课件 新人教版.ppt

事实细节题的解题技巧 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率 阅读理解题解题的根本方法 找 信息 找什么what 标注 怎么找how 略读 skimming 就是以尽快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的标题 起始段或结尾段 每段的首尾句 以及表示句 段关系的连接性词语等重要部分 以了解文章的大意或主题思想 查读 scanning 也叫寻读 就是带着问题或者关键词去快速阅读 以求在短时间内准确地寻找到我们所需要的信息 解答信息匹配主要用这种阅读法 三种阅读方法 研读 studyreading 就是通过略读了解文章主旨和通过查读找到了相关的信息范围之后 在相关范围内逐句 逐词地阅读 不仅要理解其字面意思 而且要通过分析 综合 比较 联想等思维方法 并结合自己已有的知识和经验进行推理 判断 理解文章的深层含义 以及作者的立场 观点 态度或意图等 至于解题的顺序 有的人喜欢先阅读再看题 有的人喜欢先看题再阅读 这要因人而异 本无优劣之分 根据你的习惯来定 我们推荐以下步骤 1 用略读法了解文章大意及各段的大意 2 阅读题干及各个选项 了解考查的内容 3 带着问题或关键词用查读法到文中找到相关句段 4 用研读法理解相关句段 筛选答案 5 综合考虑各题所有选项 看是否切合全文主旨 五个解题步骤 考点设置 考纲要求与高考试题的落实情况如下表所示 2011广一模 criticalthinkingisanimportantskillthatcanincreasestudents abilitytolearninanysituation thiscanbeappliedtotraditionaleducationtotraditionaleducation ordirectlyinacareerrelatedrole manyteachersfinditsuchavaluableskillthattheygivetheirstudentsacriticalthinkingquestioneveryday developingthisabilitycanmeanthedifferencebetween justpassingacourse and understandingthematerialwellenough sothatwhatstudentslearnfromitwillfollowthemthroughouttheirlife 31 criticalthinkingcanbestbedescribedas a asystemtoimprovepeople smemoryb amethodtoexpandpeople sknowledgec awaytoincreasepeople sabilitytounderstandd aprocesstomakepeoplemorecriticalofothers 2011广一模 thefutureofhitchhikingmostlikelylieswithcar sharingorganizedovertheinternet viasitessuchashitchhikers org butfornow youcanstillstickyourthumbout actually ididn tdomuchofthat preferringjusttoholdupmydestinationsign andpeople wonderful caring sharing unafraidpeople willstop 39 accordingtotheauthor futurehitchhikersaremorelikelyto a visitwebsitesandfindpeopletosharecarswithb standbyroadswiththeirthumbsstickingoutc stickoutsignswiththeirdestinationswrittenond waitforsomekindpeopletopickthemup 2011佛山一模c soiguessourlife smistakesarenotlikeourpencilscrawlsthatcanbeeffectivelycorrectedwithaneraser orerrorsonourcomputerworksthatcanbeundonewithanundobutton butthereareeffectiveandreliabletoolswecanuse apologyandforgiveness simplyclicktoapologybuttonwhenyouhavecommittedamistaketathashurtalovedoneandthewords i msorrywillflashontheotherperson sscreen butyouhavetobetrulysorryandyoumustbepreparednottocommitthatsamemistakeagainforyourapologytowork sincerityisdefinitelyanecessarypart 37 theapologybuttonshouldbeclickedwhena onewantstomakethecomputerworkperfectlyb one smistakeswon tinfluenceothersanymorec oneisactuallysaying i msorry d onewon tmakethesamemistakeagain learningtip1 解题技巧 1 用题干或选项中的关键词 实体名词 专有名词 数词等在文中搜寻寻读找到题眼 迅速锁定范围 相关词句或信息点 这是解题的依据所在 2 对锁定的内容研读 对照选项 与之最接近的选项即是答案 题目特点 提问方式 theapologybuttonshouldbeclickedwhencriticalthinkingcanbestbedescribedas accordingtothepassage who what which when wherewhy how howmany howmuch howlong howsoon howoften 如果选项中有根原文一样的答案 往往是错误的答案 细节题的正确答案往往是对原文的某一句话进行同义改写 也就是对原文中的句子用了不同的词来表达 这样的选项往往是正确选项 itisimportantforastudenttounderstandmorethandefinition 定义 onewaytotrulyunderstandanideaistohaveheands onpractice andtoapplyconceptslearnedinatextbook such mini examples willinterestastudentandimprovetheirunderstandingofatopic thisishowlife longskillscanbedeveloped 34 theauthorthinks mini examples areusefulbecausethey a assiststudentstobetterrememberdefinitionsb givestudentshands onpracticec helptokeepstudentsinterestedd helpstudentsdevelopconcepts weallrememberseeinghitchhikers standingbythesideoftheroad thumb stickingout waitingforalift butitisgettingrarenowadays whatkilledhitchhiking safetyisoftenmentionedasareason moviesaboutmurderoushitchhikersandreal lifecrimehaveputmanydriversoffpickinguphitchhikers thatnosinglewomenpickedmeuponmyjourneytomanchesternodoubtreflectsthesafetyfear alarge strangelydressedmanisseenasdangerous 36 theauthortriedtohitchhikebutwasrejectedbysinglewomendriversbecause a theywerenotheadingtowardsmanchesterb theythoughtmosthitchhikersweredangerousc hitchhikinghadbeenhandedandtheydidn twanttobreakthelawd hewasastrongmaninstrangeclotheswhoseemeddangerous theauthortriedtohitchhikebutwasrejectedbysinglewomendriversbecause theauthortriedtohitchhikebutwasrejectedbysinglewomendriversbecause 原因或结果 题目特点 注意原文的信号词 result reason resultin resultfrom base on bedueto because for why asaresult consequently等 解题技巧 和前面的词义转换题的相似 题干关键词 learningtip2 2011佛山一模 moreandmorecompaniesarebeginningtocreateproductsandservicesforteenagers thedisneycompanysellsmusicandfilmtoteenagersandtheirparents youcangeteverythingfrombrandedlunchboxesandmobilephonecovers tomonthlyfanmagazinesandclothing it sallaboutsales whichsuggeststhatteenagersmusthavemoremoney freedomandinfluenceupontheirparentsthanthey veeverhadberore mostkidsintheuktodaygetmorepocketmoneythankidsdidadecadeago parentshavemoremoneytogivetheirkidsthanpreviously sinceparentsarehavingfewerchildren 31 whyaremoreproductsandservicescreatedforteenagers a becausechildreneducationisbecomingmoreimportant b becausechildrenhavemoremoneytobuythem c becauseitisbettertostudymusicfromanearlyage d becausemorecompaniesarecreatingproductsandservices practice 2011佛山一模 mostkidsintheuktodaygetmorepocketmoneythankidsdidadecadeago mostkidsintheuktodaygetmorepocketmoneythankidsdidadecadeago parentshavemoremoneytogivetheirkidsthanpreviously sinceparentsarehavingfewerchildren inaddition thedivorcerateintheukiscontinuallyrisingandparentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenthantheyusedto somanyparentstrytocompensatebybuyingpresentsfortheirchildren it sabadhabitforbothparentsandkidstogetinto butparentsareunderconstantpressurefromcommercialmarketingandthepleasoftheirchildren 32 kidstodaycangetmoremoneypartlybecausea parentsalwaysaccompanytheirkidsb parentshavemoreexpectationofkidsc moreandmoreparentsdivorcenowadays d kidsknowhowtomakemoney practice 2011佛山一模 researchersusedinformationfromtheframinghamstudy whichbeganin1948 theframinghamstudygathersinformationaboutphysicalandmentalhealth personalbehavioranddiet atfirst thestudyinvolvedabout5 000peopleintheamericanstateofmassachusetts now morethan12 000individualsaretakingpart informationfromtheframinghamstudyshowedearlierthathappinesscanspreadfrompersontoperson socanbehaviorslikelitteringandtheabilitytostopsmoking universityofchicagopsychologistjohncacioppoledtherecentstudy 26 whatistrueabouttheframinghamstudy a itwasonlyconductedin1948 b itinvolvesmorethan12 000participants c itwasledbyjohncacioppo d itshowedthatanybehaviorcouldspread 28 whichstatementaboutthespreadoflonelinessistrue a thespreadigeffectwasthesecondstrongestamongfriends b nospreadingeffectwasfoundonthehusbandsandwives c womenaremorelikelytobeaffectedthanmen d brothersaremoreeasilyaffectedthanneighbors 2011佛山一模 theeffectwasstrongestamongfriends neighborswerethesecondmostaffectedgroup theeffectwaswerkeronhusbandsandwives andbrothersandsisters thereaearchersalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen 是非题tureornottrue whatistrueabout whichstatementabout istrue whichofthefollowingistrueexcept whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept allofthefollowingaretrueexcept 用关键词搜索 寻读 锁定范围 研读 特别留意题干种含有否定意义的词语 如not except等 这种问题的正确选项所包含的信息通常连续出现在同一段 做题时只需阅读有关段落 剩下一个原文中未提到的 为正确答案 即排除法 三正一负 三负一正 learningtip3 2011佛山一模 thenewyorktimesnewspaperreportsthat onaverage peopleexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessabout48daysayear italsofoundthateveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbyaboutfivepercent ortwoandahalffewerlonelydays 29 ifyoumake10morefriendsinayear thedaysofyourfeelinglonelinesswillbereducedbya 28daysb 25daysc 20daysd 15days tuitionfees 学费 tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment generallyfrom 5 000to 6 000ayear forfurtherinformation tui waikato ac nz accommodation 住宿 youcanhavearoomina4 bedroomflat whichwillcostabout 100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout 150amonthforoneperson forfurtherinformation acc waikato ac nz youhavetopayatleast ayearifyoustudyattheuniversityofwaikato a 5 250b 8 000c 9 000d 11 000 解题关键 弄清各数据间的逻辑关系然后作简单计算 learningtip4 inthe19thcenturyenglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside inthosedays ladiesworelongbathingdresses andmenworebathingsuits womendidnotwalkaboutonthebeach 沙滩 intheirbathingdresses theyhiredabathingmachine abathingmachinewasusedforchangingin andfortakingthebatherdowntothesea itcost2pence 便士 tohireamachineandanattendant 侍者 whenshehadpaid thebatherclimbedupthebackstepsandgotintothebathingmachine thenshechangedintoherbathingdress whenshehadchanged themachinewaspulleddowntothesea thebathingmachinestoppedinthewaterandthebatherwentdownthefrontstepsintothewater ifshedidnotwanttogetintothesea theattendantpulledherin in19thcenturypeoplewhousedthebathingmachineusuallydidthefollowingthings whichistherightorderfordoingthem changingintobathingclothesb gettingoutofthebathingmachinec paying2penced gettingintothebathingmachinee beingtakendownthebeachf gettingintothewatera e d a b f cb c d a e b fc c d e a b fd d a e b f c 解题关键 首尾定位法 learningtip5 summary 事实细节题 提问的特殊疑问词常有 what who which where how why等 做题技巧 1 用题干或选项中的关键词 实体名词 专有名词 数词 等在文中搜寻寻读找到题眼 迅速锁定范围 相关词句或信息点 这是解题的依据所在 2 对锁定的内容研读 对照选项 与之最接近的选项即是答案 原则 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系 决不能主观臆断 阅读文章时注意 1 五个w和一个h以及其他特殊之处2 数字 日期 时间等 3 同位语 破折号 括号 省略号等 4 表附加说明的词 如 bytheway besides what smore inadditionto includingto aswellas等5 倒装及加强语气的词 aboveall mainly mostly certainly indeed等 表绝对意义和表惟一的词最好圈出来 以便回到原文定位 如 first least mostonly unique等 2009年广东卷 lisawasrunninglate lisa 25 hadalottodoatwork plusvisitorsontheway herparentswerecominginforthanksgivingfromherhometown butasshehurrieddownthesubwaystairs