高中英语 定语从句定义分类以及练习课件 外研版必修3.ppt

theattributiveclause 定语从句 要了解定语从句 我们先得明白定语是啥 如果我给介绍一个人或者描述一样东西 以介绍一个人为例 如果我说是个女孩 那么你头脑中的对我介绍的人印象清晰么 应该就一女孩轮廓 但如果我说一个漂亮的 穿着红色衣服的 站在站台上的 那么你对这个人印象是不是逐渐清晰了 这里漂亮的 红色的 站在站台上的便是定语 我们看看例子先aprettygirl agirlinred agirlstandingintheplatformagirlwhoisstandingintheplatformislucky上例中打彩色部分便都是定语 定语通常是修饰名词 如果定语是一个词并且能完整表达一个意思 定语便放在被修饰词前面 否则就放后面 请观察pretty是一个词 便是放前面的 这是你也许会说 aprettylittlegirl pretty和little不是两个词 怎么就放被修饰词前面了呢 一定要注意 pretty和little都是一个并且是各自能表达完整意思 上例中彩色部分都是定语 定语可以是一个形容词 pretty 可以是介词短语 inred 也可以是分词短语 standingintheplatform 也可以是一个句子 whoisstandingintheplatform 而当定语从句是一个句子时 这个句子呢 就是定语从句 由于定语从句是一个句子 毫无疑问 必定不可能是一个词 所以都是放在被修饰词的后面 我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字 先行词 因为修饰她的句子还在后面 她先出现的 然后我们在说说这定语从句 在英语中呢有个规定就是一个句子中有且只能有一个谓语 就好比我们人呢只能有一个心脏 事物是普遍联系的 那我们人啥时候可能会有两个心脏呢 对了 有宝宝的时候 男同胞貌似目前不可能哈 那么句子有个子句的时候便可以有两个谓语了 这时候我们便需要一个东西来标志其子句特征 人类呢是以大肚子 从句便以她的关系代词 我们例子中的who便是关系代词 这个关系我们也可以理解成人类的脐带 将子句和母句联系到一起 所以这关系代词也是紧挨着先行词的 所以偶们先要搞清楚啥是定语从句 啥是先行词 啥是关系代词 咱再琢磨这定语从句如何用 explanationtoattributiveclause 定语从句 是指在复合句中 修饰名词或代词的从句 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 先行词 引导定语从句的词叫 关系词 引导定语从句的关系词 指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因 who whom thatwhich thatwhose ofwhichwherewhenwhy 关系代词 关系副词 关系代词引导的定语从句1 thewomanwhoistalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers 2 theboywhomwemetinthestreetyesterdayismyclassmate misswangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetobeijing theknifewhichweusedtocutthebreadisverysharp thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatihaveeverseen ihavegotintothesametroubleashehas 关系副词引导的定语从句istillrememberthedaywhenshefirstworethatpinkdress thebuildingwherewelived20yearsagohasbeenpulleddown doyouknowthereasonwhyshegotsoangryyesterday 关系代词 关系副词的选用1 取决于从句中的谓语动词 不及物动词后不用宾语 用关系副词 而及物动词要跟宾语 则用关系代词 i llneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether i llneverforgetthedayswhich thatispentwithyou thisisthemountainvillagewhich thativisitedlastyear 2 判断关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词必须在定语从句中作成分 因此 缺什么成分就填什么成分 关系词在从句中作主语 宾语 表语或定语 选择关系代词 关系词在句中作状语 选关系副词 thismuseumistheonethatyouvisitedafewdaysago thisisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句thefarmonwhichmycousinonceworkedhastakenanewlook thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear themantowhomispokejustnowismyenglishteacher becauseofthetrafficjaminwhichiwascaught iwaslateforthemeeting thetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwerejim swatchanddella shair theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsonberepaired waterisathingwithoutwhichfishcannotswim where why whosedoor ofwhichthedoor 关系副词与 介词 关系代词 的转换通常情况下 when in on duringwhichwhere in at onwhichwhy forwhicheg 1 what stheyearwhen inwhichchinafirstlaunchedherman madesatellite 2 itistheveryplacewhere atwhichimetyoulasttime 3 hewouldnevertellmethereasonwhy forwhichtheybrokeup 1 aplaneisamachine themachinecanfly aplaneisamachine canfly that which jointhefollowingsentences 2 thegirlismary wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayismary thegirl 3 thegirlismary wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayismary thegirlthat who whom 1 nothing canbedonehasn tbeendone 2 doyouhaveanything youdon tunderstand that that 1 that与which 先行词是everything nothing anything something much little none等不定代词 引导定语从句用that 3 thisisthebesttv ismadeinchina 4 thefirstmuseum hevisitedinchinawasthehistorymuseum that that 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 引导定语从句用that 5 i vereadallthebooks youlentme that 先行词被any some no much few little every all very only last修饰时 引导定语从句用that 6 thefamouswriterandhisworks theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents 7 avictimisaperson animalorthing sufferspain death harm etc that that 先行词中既有人又有事物时 引导定语从句用that 8 who youhaveeverseencandoitbetter that who做先行词时 引导定语从句用that 9 herbag in sheputallhermoney hasbeenstolen 10 thisistheringon shespent1000dollars 11 xiaowang with iwenttotheconcert enjoyeditverymuch which which whom 在介词后面 指事物用which 指人用whom whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系 1 theriver banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea whose 2 whose的用法 2 thereare20students aredifferentinthisclass a whosebackgroundsb thebackgroundsofwhomc ofwhomthebackgroundsd thebackgroundsofwhose 1 theearthisround weallknow isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround as as it 3 as的用法 定语从句在句首时只能用as as具有正如之意 与之搭配的动词一般是固定的 2 thisisthesamebookasilost 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 thisisthesamebookthatilost 这本书就是我丢的那本 3 thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike thisissointerestingabook wealllike 以上两句为定语从句 意为 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 as as 4 thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit that that 这两句话是结果状语从句 意为这本书如此有趣 大家都喜欢 5 itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage hasbeensaidbefore which 6 everyonehoped maryhaswonthefirstprize as as引导定语从句可放在句首 句中 句末 而which引导定语从句不能放在句首 as译为正如 好像 which则没有此义 i llneverforgettheday wefirstmetinthepark i llneverforgetthetime ispentwithyou 3 i llneverforgetthetime wasspentwithyou 4 thisisthemuseum ivisitedlastyear when which that which that which that 4 when where why与that which的区别 指时间 地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句 thisisthereason forwhich ididn tcomehere thereason shegavewasnottrue why which that heistheonlyoneinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraise heisoneofthestudentsinhisclasswho have gottheteacher spraise has have 5 定语从句中的谓语动词 关系词在定语从句中做主语时 谓语动词的数取决于先行词 1 thisisthecar whichiboughtlastyear 2 thisisthecar whichipaid100 3 thisisthecar whichispent100 4 thisisthecar whichigotoworkeveryday 5 thisisthecar whichican tgotowork for on by without completethefollowingsentences by at about of 6 thisisthecar whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7 thisisthecar whichaboythrewastone 8 thisisthecar whichwetalked 9 thisisthecar whichthewindowwasbroken 10 thisisthebook whichyouasked theoldmanwhomiamlookingafterisbetter for 注意 动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前 4 10 福建卷24 stephenhawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanets lifehasdevelopedgradually thatb wherec whichd whose5 10 湖南卷28 i vebecomegoodfriendwithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool imeetintheenglishspeechcontestlastyear whob wherec whend which6 10 江苏卷32 thenewlybuiltcaf thewallsof arepaintedlightgreen isreallyapeacefulplaceforus speciallyafterhardwork a thatb itc whatd which b a d 12 10 重庆卷28 inchina thenumberofcities increasingdevelopmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld a whereb whichc whosed that13 10 浙江卷3 thesettlementishometonearly1 000people manyof lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity a whomb whichc themd those c a 14 10 上海卷38 windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy wemayreturninthenearfuture onwhichb bywhichc towhichd fromwhich15 09全国1 shebroughtwithherthreefriends noneof ihadevermetbefore a themb whoc whomd these c c 16 09全国2 myfriendshowedmeroundthetown wasveykindofhim a whichb thatc whered it17 09 北京 whatdoyouthinkofteaching bob ifinditfunandchallenging itisajob youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting a whereb whichc whend that a a thenon definingattributiveclause 非限定性定语从句 a theoldmanthatyoumetattheschoolgateisaprofessor b theoldmanisaprofessor whoisover80yearsold a thetemplewhichwevisitedlastweekdatesfromthesongdynasty b thetemple whichisaplaceofinterestinourhometown datesfromsongdynasty 1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去掉它主句意思往往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 例如 thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子 限制性 thehouse whichweboughtlastmonth isverynice 这幢房子很漂亮 是我们上个月买的 非限制性 ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor ihaveasister whoisadoctor 2 非限制性定语从句可以将整个主句作为先行词 对其进行修饰 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数 例如 heseemsnottohavegraspedwhatimeant whichgreatlyupsetsme 他似乎没明白我的意思 这使我心烦 liquidwaterchangestovapor whichiscalledevaporation v p re n 液态水变为蒸汽 这就叫做蒸发 3 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as which who whom whose等 作定语从句的主语 宾语 表语及定语 关系副词有when where等 作定语从句的状语 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略 asweallknow badpeoplewillbepunishedsoonerorlater myhouse whichiboughtlastyear hasalovelygarden asweallknow whichiboughtlastyear iwouldliketoelecthim whoithinkisthebesttobeourmonitor mr carter whomispoketoonthetelephonelastnight isveryinterestedinourplan mary whosehousewearegoingtorent isamiddle agedwoman hemovedtogermanyinthelate1990s whenhewasinhissixties yesterdayiwenttothedepartmentstore whereimetmyteacher whoithinkisthebesttobeourmonitor whomispoketoonthetelephonelastnight whosehousewearegoingtorent whenhewasinhissixties whereimetmyteacher 4 as引导非限制性定语从句时 可以代主句的全部或部分内容 有 正如 像 等意思 定语从句可以置主句句首 句中或句末 as后常接expect know report say see等动词的主 被动语态句 ashasbeensaidabove如上所述asanybodycansee正如人人看到的那样thingsarenotalways things astheyappear 事情并不总像外表看到的那样 asisknowntoeverybody themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth 众所周知 月球每个月绕地球一圈 itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravels whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravels mike asweexpected attendedthemeeting 像我们所期望的那样 迈克参加了会议 hewasn tunconscious ascouldbejudgedfromhiseyes 他并未失去知觉 这从他的眼神可以判断出来 4 which引导非限制性定语从句的情况 指代主句的全部或部分内容时 有 这就使得 这一点 等意思 常置主句末 主句与定语从句用逗号分开 a shewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay which ofcourse madetheothersunhappy b iforgothistelephonenumber whichfailedmetogetintouchwithhim c hehasbeentoparisseveraltimes whichidon tbelieve 5 as which有时可以通用 heisquitepleased as whichcanbeseenfromhisface 他非常高兴 从他的表情可以看出来 但是 上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时 就只能用as asanybodycansee theearthisround 像任何人都能看见那样 地球是圆的 定语从句的省略 englishattributiveclausescanbereducedtovariousphrasessuchasparticiplephrases adjectivephrases nounphrases prepositionalphrasesandinfinitivephrases 有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语 如分词短语 形容词短语 名词短语 介词短语及动词不定式短语等 且句意不受影响 我们称这一语现象为定语从句的省略 1 省略为分词短语 有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词 who which that 和部分谓语 am is are were 等 从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语 例如 1 iknowthemen whoare sittinginthatcar 2 theboyshelpedthepeople thatwere hurtintheaccident 2 定语从句可简化为 介词 which 不定式 dellahasonly1 87dollarswithwhichshecanbuyapresentforherhusband dellahasonly1 87dollarswithwhichtobuyapresentforherhusband withoutfacts wecan tformagoodopinion forweneedknowledgeupon onwhichwebaseourthinking withoutfacts wecan tformagoodopinion forweneedknowledgeuponwhichtobaseourthinking 3 可简化为形容词短语或介词短语 theboywhoisinredismyson theboyinredismyson theheavyboxwhichisfullofoldbooksismine theheavyboxfullofoldbooksismine thesecondbook iwanttoreadisthewatermarginbyshinaian a whichb thatc whatd as2 carolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyoctober personallyidoubtverymuch a itb thatc whend which exercises b d 3 don ttalkaboutsuchthings youarenotsureof a thoseb thatc whatd as4 iwillneverforgetthoseyears ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers hasagreateffortonmylife a that whichb when whichc which thatd when who d b 5 don ttalkaboutsuchthingsof youarenotsure a whichb whatc asd those6 isthisthefactory youvisitedtheotherday thatb wherec inwhichd theone7 thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces couldn tbefound a thatb wherec inwhichd inthat8 thefreezingpointisthetemperature waterchangesintoice a atwhichb onthatc inwhichd ofwhat9 isthisfactory someforeignfriendsvisitedlastfriday a thatb wherec whichd theone c a a a d 10 isthisthefactory heworkedtenyearsago a thatb wherec whichd theone11 thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine a becauseb whyc thatd whether12 i lltellyou hetoldmelastweek allwhichb thatc allthatd which13 thattree branchesarealmostbare isveryold a whoseb ofwhichc inwhichd onwhich14 ihaveboughtthesamedress sheiswearing a asb thatc whichd what b c c a a 15 we retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight a whichb whomc whod that16 thegirl anenglishsonginthenextroomistom ssister a whoissingingb issingingc sangd wassinging17 those notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed a learnb whoc thatlearnsd wholearn18 anyone thisopinionmayspeakout a thatagainstb thatagainstc whoisagainstd whoareagainst d a d c 19 didn tyouseetheman a inoddedjustnowb whominoddedjustnowc inoddedtohimjustnowd inoddedtojustnow20 canyoulendmethenovel theotherday a thatyoutalkedb youtalkedaboutitc whichyoutalkedwithd youtalkedabout21 isthereanything toyou a thatisbelongedb thatbelongsc thatbelongd whichbelongs d d b 22 howdoyoulikethebook it squitedifferentfrom ireadlastmonth a thatb whichc theoned theonewhat23 mr zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept whohadalreadytakenthem a theonesb onesc somed theothers24 thetrain shewastravelingwaslate whichb wherec onwhichd inthat25 hehaslostthekeytothedrawer thepapersarekept a whereb inwhichc underwhichd which c a c b 26 antarctic weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround a whichb wherec thatd aboutwhich27 it sthethirdtime latethismonth a thatyouarrivedb whenyouarrivedc thatyou vearrivedd whenyou vearrived28 itwasin1969 theamericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon a thatb whichc whend inwhich d c a 29 maythefourthistheday wechinesepeoplewillneverforget a whichb whenc onwhichd aboutwhich30 wearegoingtospendthespringfestivalinguangzhou livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives a whichb thatc whod where a d 31 thehotel duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside a westayedatb wherewestayedatc westayedd inthatwestayed32 isitinthatfactory redflag carsareproduced a inwhichb wherec whichd that a d 33 10 四川卷10 aftergraduatingfromcollege itooksometimeofftogotravelling turnedouttobeawisedecision thatb whichc whend where34 10 天津卷8 canyoubelieveihadtopay30dollarsforahaircut youshouldtrythebarber s igo it sonly15 asb whichc whered that b c 35 10 全国i24 asachild jackstudiedinavillageschool isnamedafterhisgrandfather whichb wherec whatd that36 10 全国ii16 irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething wassomeoneelse sfault whob thatc asd what37 10 北京卷27 childrenwhoarenotactiveor dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly a whatb whosec whichd that a b b 38 10 江西卷31 thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister shewouldstayforanhour a whereb whoc whichd what39 10 山东卷24 that sthenewmachine partsaretoosmalltobeseen a thatb whichc whosed what40 10 陕西卷11 theoldtemple roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair a whereb whichc itsd whose a c d 改错 1 thisisthelongesttrainwhichihaveeverseen 2 whichweallknow swimmingisaverygoodsport 3 ishallneverforgetthoseyearswhichilivedinthefarmwhichyouvisitedlastweek 4 theradiosetwhichiboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong 5 hepaidtheboy10yuanforwashingtenwindows mostofthemhadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear 6 thedaywillcomewhichthepeopleallovertheworldwillwinliberation that as when 去掉 which onwhich when 7 mr herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoisworkinginchina 8 theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedintheschool 9 myglasses withwhichiwaslikeablindman felltothegroundandbroke 10 heisamanofgreatexperience fromwhomuchcanbelearned 11 ihaveboughtthesamedresswhichsheiswearing 12