高考英语 阅读技巧训练课件 苏教版.ppt

高考英语阅读技巧 content 高考阅读 4篇 30分 25 题材多样 包括日常生活 传说 人物 社会 文化 史地 科技 政治 经济等 体裁多样 应包括记叙文 描写文 说明文 议论文 应用文等 难点一 词汇障碍 生词 熟词生义下题中划线的词可换为 newyork 10november 5 27p m yesterday biggestpowerfailureinthecity shistory a enoughb notpassingc lackofd lack分析 本题正确答案为d failure是fail变来的名词 有 失败 失败者 失败的事 的意思 本句powerfailure可翻译为 停电 再如 cropfailure 庄稼欠收 heartfailure 心力衰竭 猜词义法一 构词法 exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti poisonmedicinetobesaved 分析 anti poison是由poison加前缀anti 构成的 anti 意思是 反对 排斥 抵抗 由此可猜出anti poison是 解毒 抗毒 的意思 althoughsimplifiedchinesecharacterswereacceptedforusemanyyearsago itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikechinesecharactersinthecomplexform 分析 simplified跟simple是同根词 带有 ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词 许多年以前我们采用了什么跟 简单 有关的汉字呢 不难想到是 简化的 汉字 猜词义法二 利用常识经验 rainforestsliketheamazonareimportantformoppingupco2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming theunderlinedphrase moppingup inthesecondparagraphmeans a cleaningupb takinginc wipingoutd givingup分析 本题正确答案为b 由常识可知 雨林可以 吸收 空气中co2 所以mopup意为 吸收 吸纳 故选b 猜词义法三 利用词性转换 theagingofthepopulationwillaffectamericansocietyinmanyways education medicine andbusiness theunderlinedwork aging means a countingthenumberofyearssomeonelivesb thenumbersofyearssomeonelivesc becomingolderd makingsomeonelookingolder分析 本题正确答案为c 我们熟悉的是age作名词用时是 年龄 的意思 而此处是作动词用 意思是 老化 难点二 阅读速度慢 about 2000words 60words min 45min阅读方法 耗费时间干扰项 阅读方法一 先看题目 首先 分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题其次 找出题眼 快速定位最后 能迅速了解文章内容 有利于排除干扰项 1 是原文信息 但不是题目要求的内容 2 符合常识 但不是文章内容 3 与原文的内容极其相似 只是在程度上有些变动 4 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 5 部分正确 部分错误 阅读方法二 略读 细读 略读 skimming 找关键词 找主题句 对名称 日期 地点多加留意细读 scanning 根据关键词 题眼找细节 阅读方法三 把握文章特点 记叙文 人物 时间 地点 按事件的发生 发展 结局展开议论文 论点 论据 结论说明文 下定义 举例子应用文 广告 手册 提供信息 缩略词 语法简略 找关键词 题型 主旨题 包括加标题 细节题字面理解题推断题 包括词义 句义 观点态度 主旨题 questionforms themainidea keypoint purpose subjectmatterofthispassageisthat fromthepassagewelearn canconcludethat thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith what sthebesttitle headlineforthepassage whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage skills findouttopic keysentences 主题句找法 文章开头 结尾 中间 归纳 演绎 由若干中心句合并组成并无明显中心句 需要自己概括 2009年a篇 thereisnoconvincingevidencethatsocialconditioning thefactthatgirls motherstalkedthemmore isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys psychiatristdrmichaellewis authorsocialbehaviourandlanguageacquisition conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalkedtoandlookedat babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys scientificevidenceshowsparentsresthebrainbiasoftheirchildren sinceagirl sbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech wethereforetalktothemmore consequently motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointedtoreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost a women sbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunicationb womenlovetotalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen c mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts d socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking 选 a 练一练 manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential butithinkit sapestandatimewaster veryoftenyoufinditimpossibletoescapefromsomeidleorcuriouschatterbox orfromsomebodywhowantssomethingfornothing ifyouhaveatelephoneinyourownhouse youwilladmitthatittendstoringwhenyouareasleep ofinthemiddleofamealoraconversation orwhenyouarejustgoingout orwhenyouaretakingyourbath areyoustrong mindedenoughtoignoreit tosaytoyourself ah well itwillallbethesameinahundredyear stime youarenot youthinktherearemaybesomeimportantnewsormessagesforyou icanassureyouthatifamessageisreallyimportantitwillreachyousoonerorlater haven tyoueverrusheddrippingfromthebath orchewingfromthetable ordazedfromthebed onlytobetoldthatyouareawrongnumber butyouwillsay youneednothaveyournameprintedinthetelephonedirectory andyoucanhaveatelephonewhichisonlyunableforoutgoingcalls besidesyouwillsay isn titimportanttohaveatelephoneincaseofemergency illness anaccident orfire ofcourseyouareright buthereinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeengland oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity ithinkperhapsihadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatilikeisgood iadmitthatindifferentcircumstances ifyouwereabusinessvip forinstance orabedriddenperson imightfindatelephoneessential butthenifiwereataxidriver ishouldfindacaressential letmeputitanotherway therearetwothingsforwhichtheenglishseemtoshowparticulartalent oneismechanicalinvention theotherisliterature myownbusinesshappenstobewiththeuseofwordsbutiseeimustnowstopusingthem forihavejustbeenhandedaslipofpapertosaythatsomebodyiswaitingtospeaktomeonthetelephone ithinkihadbetteranswerit afterall oneneverknows itmaybesomethingimportant thepassageismainlyabout a thatweshouldbestrongenoughtoignoreaphonecallb thatimportantmessagewillreachyousoonerorlaterc whetherit snecessarytoansweralltelephonecallsd whetheritisnecessarytohaveatelephone分析 文章每一自然段的主题句分别是 1 manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential butithinkit sapestandatimewaster 2 butinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeengland oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity 3 ithinkperhapsihadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatilikeisgood 4 letmeputitanotherway 都是围绕是否有必要拥有电话而展开的 作者的观点很明确 就是没有必要拥有一部电话机 因此本题应选d 加标题2011年a篇 分析 第一段由爱迪生 贝尔等著名发明家说起 引申到发明雨刮器 交通灯等这些不太有名的发明者 提出问题 难道我们不应该了解他们么 揭示了整篇的主题 第二段列举一位专门搜集整理发明家及其发明的研究者 解释这项工作的意义 那就是有助于激发学生的创造性 第三段回顾雨刮器的发明过程 第四段总结这些不起眼的发明对我们生活的影响 全篇都以雨刮器为例 讲述这项发明的来龙去脉以及意义所在 a项 帮助学生推销发明 文中没提到 b项与文章有关 但发明的方法不是本文重点 d项 是否应该在大学中推广发明课程 虽然与文章相关 但这个题目应该着重阐述发明课程的利弊 这显然与文章中雨刮器发明相差甚远 而c项紧扣第一段末尾的问题 故正确 细节题 要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解 大都根据文章中的具体信息如事实 例证 原因 过程 论述等进行提问的 有些可以在文章中直接找到答案 有些需要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到 比如计算 排序 是非判断 图形比较等 解题时 不必通篇细看 可采取 带着问题找答案 的方法 先从问题中抓住关键性词语 以此为线索 想快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节 就要恰当地运用略读及细读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落 语句 对照比较 确定答案 questionforms 1 特殊疑问句形式 accordingtothepassage who what which when where why how howmany howmuch howlong howsoon often 2 是非题形式 true false或except accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned allofthefollowingaretrueexcept 3 填空题形式 如 1 toavoidattractingmountainlions peopleareadvised 2 bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat 3 itseemsthatnowacountry seconomydependsmuchon 4 ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople slifewillbe youmayvisit 5 thepolicemanwhosaid goodevening torollswantedto 2009年c篇 transportguide wecanlearnfromthepassagethat a busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays b regularstudentsatqutneedtobuyadulttickets c prepaidticketscanbeboughtfromthepublictransportinformationcentre d ten tripsaverscanbeusedatoff peaktime a busesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays x text onweekendsandpublicholidaysbusesoperatelessfrequently b regularstudentsatqutneedtobuyadulttickets x text short termstudentsatqutcannotusetheiridcardstogainadiscountfareonbccpublictransport c pre paidticketscanbeboughtfromthepublictransportinformationcentre x text pre paidbusticketscanbepurchasedfromthequtbookshop thecampusnewsagency mostothernewsagenciesandgeneralstores andanybcccustomerservicecentre transportroutes timetablesandfareinformationareavailablefromptic d ten tripsaverscanbeusedatoff peaktime o text ten tripsaver 10tripsatanytimewithinthezonesonbusesandferriesonly 练一练 housepricesinenglandincreasedsharplybetween1971and1972 thefollowingrecordshowmuchahouseincehlsealondon hadriseninpricesince1955 takeno29smithterraceforexample in1955 janegreysolditfor 2000 mrs bowenablackboughtitfor 4900andsolditnineyearslatertobillandgreenwhitefor 22950 nowfouryearslater in1972 thehouseisvaluedat 30000 1 thepriceofthehousewas ashighin1972asintheyearjanegreysoldit a abouttentimesb twicec 150percentd fifteentimes2 mrs bowenablackmadeaprofitof a 2900b 8050c 7050d 18050 字面理解题 推断词义 句义理解语境 顺蔓摸瓜questionforms theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby theword mostlikelymeans whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor bysaying wemean asusedinthepassage canbestbedefinedas 2010年a篇 somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather sname english speakingpeopleadded sor son thejohnsonaredescendantsofjohn therobertfamily sancestorwasrobert irishandscottishpeopleaddedmacormcoro perhapsallofthemacdonnellsandthemcdonnellsandtheo donnellsaredescendantsofthesamedonnell theunderlinedword descendants inthelastparagraphmeansaperson s a latergenerationb friendandrelativesc colleaguesandpartnersd latersponsors a 练一练 appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemeters theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans a improvedb increasedc producedd sold选 c thiskindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecausetheweatheriswarm thesoilisexcellentandthereisalotofrain a growswellb makesafewflowersc diesd failstogrow选 a 逻辑推断题 对作者意图 人物动机 事物发展趋势 因果关系做出合理推断 通篇阅读 不能断章取义 找出线索 不能凭空臆测 questionforms 常以infer imply indicate suggest conclude learn intendmean describe purpose等词提问 或含有表推测的情态动词 can could might would等和其他表示可能性的动词 如probably mostlikely等 itcanbeinferred concluded seenfromthepassagethat whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage thepassageimplies butdoesn tdirectlystatethat thewritersuggeststhat accordingtotheauthor whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage thewriter spurposeinwritingthistextis 第一招 注意连词使用 英语注重文章的结构性 汉语注重文章的逻辑性 所以英语中多用介词 连词 用来表示顺序 因果关系 连词在保持文章连贯衔接 表达作者意图方面起着重要作用 请体会 neartheendofthelastyearinmiddleschool mydadtookmetothewildliferefuge heneededtogetsomealligatorbloodtodotheexperiment atfirst ithoughtfishingforalligatorswasabadidea whatifonetriedtoeatme butwehadalotofhelp andmydadknewalotaboutalligators soitwasok whydidthewriterthinkthatfishingforalligatorswasabadideaatfirst a becausethewriterwasafraidofthefiercealligators b becauseweshouldprotectalligators c becausethewriterwasnotasbraveashisfather d becausethewriterknewlittleaboutalligators 分析 通过第一句可知这是倒叙 我们知道了结果 作者去了野生动物保护区 接下来是作者当初由反感 害怕到最后打消顾虑同意去 都是通过连接词atfirst but so等展开的 弄清了作者的思想波动就不难选出正确答案a了 第二招 注意某些形容词和特殊句式 透过一些形容词可以看出作者的倾向 如 isn tthatwonderfulifwegettherebyair 作者希望坐飞机去那里 某些句型表面看上去是比较级 而实际上是最高级含义 mymotherdecidedtotakemeonthetrip itcouldn tbebetter itcouldn tbebetter it sgreat 意为 太好了 某些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义 wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingourenvironmenttoomuch 再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不过分 作者以这样的句子体现自己的观点 必须加大力度保护环境 注意虚拟语气的使用 howiwishihadpassedthedrivingtest 我多么希望已通过了驾照考试呀 此句暗含的事实是 并没通过考试 第三招 利用语境的褒贬性进行推断 2010年d篇 high speedrailway69 whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor sattitudetowardschina shigh speedrailwayplan a criticalb reservedc doubtfuld positivetext 1 imagine oneday gettingoutofbedinbeijingandbeingatyourofficeinshanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours andthen afterafulldayofwork goingbackhometobeijingandhavingdinnerthere soundsunusual doesn tit butit snotthatunrealistic 2 forchina suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofasiaandbringsomemuch neededresources butwouldalsohelpdevelopchina sfarwest 分析 第一句中的only突出高铁的快捷 unusual和unrealistic表示对高铁速度之快的惊叹 第二句中helpdevelopchina sfarwest说明高铁能促进中国西部发展 这些都表明了作者对高铁工程的肯定和期盼 显然是褒义 所以选d positive 练一练 isitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwar warhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears itwasalwaysevilandusuallyfoolish butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit modernskillhaschangedthis eithermanwillendwar orwarwillendman forthepresent itisnuclearweapons 核武器 thatcausethegreatestdanger butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay beforelong offeranevengreaterthreat ifwesucceededinstoppingwar therewouldbenodangerforus todothis weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway notbycontestsofforce inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople butbytalkinginaccordancewithagreedrulesoflaw itisnoteasytochangeoldmentalhabits butthisiswhatmustbeattempted somepeopleholdcompletelyfalseattitudestowardshowtopreventwar infact theyarewillingtogotowar