grammar主谓一致.ppt

Subject VerbAgreement 主谓一致 主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致叫做主谓一致 什么是主谓一致 三个基本原则 就近原则 语法一致 形式一致 意义一致 就近原则谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定 eg 1 Youorheiswrong 2 Thereisoneteacherand60studentsintheclassroom 四种结构用就近原则 1 多个主语用or连接 2 therebe句型 3 多个主语用neither nor 或either or 连接 4 多个主语用notonly butalso not but连接 填空know 1 Neither Either shenor or herparentswhatisgoingon 2 Neither Either herparentsnor or shewhatisgoingon 3 Not Notonly shebut butalso herparents whatisgoingon 4 Not Notonly herparentsbut butalso she whatisgoingon know knows know knows 5 NotonlywebutalsoJane thesecret A KnowB knowsC haveknownD isknown6 NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother A isB areC amD have7 Eithertheheadmasteroryou theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting A ishandedoutB arehandedoutC aretohandoutD istohandout B C B 8 There nolifeonthemoon A issaidtohaveB aresaidtohaveC issaidtobeD aresaidtobe9 a There amagazine afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable b There afewletters amagazineandsomenewspaperonthetable A isB areC haveD has C A B ItisnotyoubutJanewho be toblame be eitheryouoryourbrotherinterestedinswimming is Are 语法一致 形式一致 主语为单数 谓语动词用单数 主语为复数 谓语动词用复数 eg 1 Iamaboy 2 Thedesksaregreen 3 Youlikeswimming butshelikesdancing A 主语 介词短语如with togetherwith aswellas ratherthan morethan but except besides alongwith including like等 谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致 1 JackiewithhisparentsintendstosetoutforEuropenextweek 2 Thesonratherthanhisparents responsibleforthefireaccident 对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母 is practice HeaswellasI want togoboatingTheteachertogetherwiththestudents be visitingthefactory wants is B thenumberof n单数 Thenumberofbooks60 而anumberof 复数动词 is 1 Allbutone herejustnow A isB wasC hasbeenD were 2 Thenumberofpeopleinvited fifty butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons A were wasB was wasC was wereD were were3 Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool by5 everyyear A riseB raiseC risesD raises4 Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks tothenationasagift A isofferedB hasofferedC areofferedD haveoffered D C C A C 表达数量的分数 百分数 以及mostof someof therestof等谓语应根据后面的名词来定 单数或不可数名词 谓语用单数 复数名词 则用复数 Onefifthofthestudentshavegoneabroad 19 ofusareboys 注意Onlyoneofstudentsinclass10hastheabilitytofinishitinhalfanhour 5 E mail aswellastelephones animportantpartindailycommunication A isplayingB haveplayedC areplayedD play 6 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass A Twofifth isB Twofifth areC Twofifths isD Twofifths are7 Eachofthestudents workinghardathisorherlessons togotouniversity SodoI A hopeB hopesC hopingD hoped A C B 意义一致根据主语表达的意义而不是形式来决定谓语动词的单复数 eg 1 Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim 2 Myfamilyisalargeone 谓语动词用单数形式 1 主语为一个从句 动名词 不定式时 Whathesaiddoesnothurtme SeeingisbelievingToseeistobelieve WhetherhewillgowithusdependsontheweatherHowandwhentostartthejob be stillaquestion is 注意 主语从句一般用单数 但若有两个及以上的主语从句用and bothand等连接时 谓语用复数 由what引导的主语从句 要看what具体指代的意义来定 Whatshegivestomearejustsomebooks Whathetoldmeandwhathedid make meforgivehim Whatshegivestome abook make is 2 当两个单数名词连接 但指同一个概念 即同一个人或事物时 用单数 eg Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit Thesingerandpoet toattendtheeveningpartyThelastandtenthparagraph veryimportant is is Practice Thesingerandthepoet toattendtheeveningparty A isB are B 3 主语为表示度量 时间 金钱的复数时 主语看作为一个整体 eg Twoyearsisashortmomentinhistory 20 000dollarsisalargesumofmoney 4 学科名称如physics maths politics等作主语 谓语用单数 Eg a Politicsisveryhard b Physicsisaveryusefulsubject 5 以下情况用单数 1 every n andevery n 2 each n andeach n 3 no n 单数 and no n 单数 4 Manya n andmanya n eg 1 Everygirlandeveryboylikessports 2 Nodancerandnosingerappearsattheparty 6manya或morethanone所修饰的短语作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 Manyastudent thefilmbynowA hasseenB hadseenC haveseenD saw A 谓语动词用复数形式 当主语为peple cattle police等本身只表示复数的名词时或当主语为the 形容词 姓氏复数时 1 TheSmithsaremovingtoCanadanextmonth 2 Thesickaretakengoodcareofinthehospital 其他情况 1 一些本身由不可分离的两部分构成的名词作主语时 如trousers glasses scissors shoes等 谓语用复数 但若其前加上apairof 则用单数 Apairofshoes underthebed Theshoes underthebed is are 2 family team audience class club enemy group public等集体名词做主语时 如强调整体 谓语动词用单数形式 如果强调集体中的成员 谓语动词用复数形式 eg 1 Ourfamilywerehavingsupperatthattime 2 Ourfamilyisabigone 3 单复数同形名词如sheep deer means works species等 据上下文判断其单复数 a Thesheepthathehasraised whiteones b Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson ayoungone A isB areC haveD has B A 4当主语为all时 如指人则谓语动词用复数形式 如指物则谓语动词用单数形式 What引导的主语从句看具体情况而定 eg 1 Let sstartthemeetingsinceall here 2 Allhesaid wrong 3 Whatheneeds morewater 4 Whatherfathergaveher onlysomebooks are is is are 注意点 a Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat gotfullmarks b Heisoneofthestudentsthat gotfullmarksA isB areC hasD have C D 注意点 倒装句中Betweenthetwowindows