英语必修五知识点.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请 联系网站删除 英语必修五 Unit 1一put forward提出（计划、建议等）；将提前；把钟表拨快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。 The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行联想 put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 put off: 推迟；延期 put down: 放下；写下，记住 put on: 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧） put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷） put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 二。conclude: v. 作结论，断定（conclusion: n. 结论） e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪conclude 结束，终止：They concluded the meeting at 6 oclock in the afternoon.他们于下午六点结束了会议。作结论，得出结论：What can be concluded from these observations?从这些观察中能够得出什么样的结论呢?推断，判断：The judge concluded that the prisoner was guilty.法官判定这个囚犯有罪。决定，决心：She concluded she would pay back the exact amount on Saturday.她决定在星期六如数偿还。近义词:close 变形： concluded . concludingconclude with 以结束 conclude a contract 订立合同 conclude an agreement 达成协议 .推断；决定，劳经作结论；结束understand , condition vi. 推断；断定；决定deduce from , draw the conclusionconclusive 决定性的；最后的；确实的；确定性的 concluded 推论的concluding 结束的；最后的 adv. conclusively 最后地；决定性地n.conclusion 结论；结局；推论 conclusiveness 结论性；决定性v. concluded 结束；推断；作结论（conclude的过去分词）三defeat打败,击败,战胜；使(希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效 e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。defeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打败敌人。conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernatureovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficultiessuffer defeat 遭受失败 击败，战胜；挫败defeat adj. defeatist 失败主义（者）的 n defeatist 失败主义者 defeatism 失败主义四。attend: v. 出席；参加 照顾；看护 伴随1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture.) e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。2) to look after, care for, serve e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？3）to go with 伴随 e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。attend a meeting 参加会议 attend school 上学；去上学 attend class 上课attend on 照料；侍候 attend a lecture 听关于的讲座；上课vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴 present oneself , invite , serve , board , mindvi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾 present oneself , nurseadj. attendant 伴随的；侍候的 attendant 服务员，侍者；随员，attendance 出席；到场；出席人数n. attendant 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从 attendee 出席者；在场者 attender 出席者；按规定常到的人；常客五expose.to.暴露于；使处于的影响之下 expose oneself to使暴露在(空气、寒冷、风雨、阳光等)中；使无遮蔽，使无保护：Do not expose it to the sun. 此物谨防日晒。使暴露，使显露；使遭受(攻击、批评、伤害、嘲讽等)：He is exposed to the ridicule of the public.他受到公众的嘲弄。to expose soldiers to gunfire使士兵们遭受炮火攻击使处于的影响(或作用)之下；接接触到；使知悉，使了解：a student who has been exposed to English for some five years接触英语达5年左右的学生使曝光：The film has been exposed to light.这胶卷曝了光。向揭露，揭发，揭穿，披露：to expose the shameful activity to the newspapers向报界揭露这个可耻行径六blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. be to blame: 受责备，应负责 Who is to blame for the mistake？ 这个错误应归咎于谁？七in addition: 除此之外，另外意思相当于besides, whats more 除之外except as , over and abovee.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition. In addition to English, he has to study a second language.除之外，还有，表示递进关系 The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays.except: 除之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation.除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬besides 表示“除以外，还有”，与in addition to 同义， Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。beside : 旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。八 announce:公布；宣告announce:公布；宣告 e.g. He announce his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。词根： announce n. announcement 公告；宣告；发表；通告 announcer 广播 广播员；宣告者宣布，宣告；The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news to the reporters.外交部发言人向记者发布新闻。说，述说，：The president of the company announced that there would be a bonus.公司总经理对雇员说将要发奖金。通报(或宣布)的出席(或到达)，报告的来到，通知客到，报到：to announce guests通知客到(不通过语言) 使被知道，作为的迹象，显示：Footsteps announced her return.听见脚步声，知道她回来了。预示；预告；预兆：Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm.，聚云预示了即将来临的风暴。当(电台或电视台)的播音员(或广播员)；当(报幕员等)：She announces six programs a week.她每周广播6个节目。vi.当电台(或电视台)的播音员(或广播员)；当报幕员：She announces for CCTV.她是中国中央电视台的播音员。宣布某人的候选人身份宣布参加竞选(for)；(在竞选中)宣布某人对另一人在政治上的赞同，(在竞选中)宣布支持别人竞选(for)：九absorbv.吸收A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。 be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的absorb in 集中精力做某事；全神贯注于 vt. 吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使全神贯注attract , engage , see , read , seize Adj. absorbed 被吸收的；一心一意的 absorbent 能吸收的 absorbing 吸引人的；极有趣的 absorptive 吸收性的；有吸收力的 absorbable 可吸收的；容易被吸收的 absorbefacient 吸收性的N. absorption 吸收；全神贯注，专心致志 absorbent 化工核化学 吸收剂 absorber 减震器；吸收器；吸收体 absorbency 吸收能力；吸收性；吸墨性；物化 吸光率 absorbefacient 吸收剂 absorptance 物 吸收率；吸收比V. absorbed 吸收；使全神贯注（absorb的过去分词形式） absorbing 吸收（absorb的ing形式）十Challenge n. 挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决 vt.向.挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异meet the challenge 迎接挑战；满足要求 rise to the challenge 接受挑战，奋起应付挑战take up the challenge 应战 challenge cup 挑战杯；优胜杯；奖杯Adj. challenging 挑战的；引起挑战性兴趣的 challengeable 挑战性的N. challenger 挑战者 v.challenging 要求；质疑；反对；向挑战；盘问（challenge的ing形式）Unit 2一consist of be made up of 由组成(没有进行时） 由构成 be constitutive of , be formed frome.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK二区别 separate . from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups. Do把分开（把整体分为若干部分） The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian. 由构成 be constitutive of , be formed from三 debate about sth. e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days. debate /argue/ quarrel debate about his proposal 仔细考虑他的提 debate about sth 讨论 Debate about Diversity 人才多样化的争论 Debate about debates 谈论辩论争论 The Debate about Psychologism 关于心理主义的争论四clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了 e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation. 我希望我所说的能澄清这一情况Adj. clarified 澄清的；透明的 n. clarity 清楚，明晰；透明 clarification 澄清，说明；净化 v. clarified 阐明、澄清5 be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接link A to B 将A和B连接起来与连接；与有关联，与有联系 be connected to , be coupled withThis property can then be linked to actions on other components. 然后，可以将该属性链接到其他组件上的动作。六refer to reference: n. 参考e.g. reference books 参考书1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 参考；查阅；询问e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries. 3) 关系到；关乎e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you. 涉及，谈到，提到；关系到：He never referred to his sisters in his letters.他在信里从未提到过他的姊妹。提交(某人或某机关考虑办理或决定)：They referred their plan to the management.他们将计划提交管理部门。认为起源于；认为与有关：Mr White referred his success to his hard work.怀特先生说他的成功是靠勤劳工作而获得的。向(某人)查询；让找(处理)：For further details, I refer you to the advisory department.详细情况请与咨询处联系。适用于：These regulations refer to every foreigner.这些规章适用于一切外国人。指而言(as):All his classmates referred to him as “Blackbeard.”他的同学都称他为“黑胡子”。七 to ones surprise (prep) “to ones + 名词”表 “令某人”常见的名词有“delight, disappointment, enjoyment, 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale. 我惊恐地发现，这些货物完全不适合出售by surprise 使惊慌 The question took the professor by surprise. in surprise 惊奇地，To ones surprise, they said okay! 让我们吃惊的是，他们说可以。八 . found themselves united peacefully “find +宾语宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）” e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 如果一个厨师在厨房里抽烟，他会立即被解雇。九get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come. get + n. + to do Youll get her to agree. get + n. + doing Ill get the car going. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.to get sth done 办到 ; 做某事 to accomplishto get sth done 办到 get sth.done as quick as possible 尽快把某事干完十break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits. break down (会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g.his car broke down on the way to work this morning. 今天早上他的车在上班路上抛锚了。His health broke down under the pressure of work. 他的健康在工作压力下崩溃了He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 当他听到这个消息时，他哭了起来Talks between the two countries have completely broken down. 两国之间的谈判已经完全破裂break in 闯入；打岔 break off 中断，折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发发生 break up 驱散；分散，拆散十一。as well as 不仅而且；既又 e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer. 他是一位教师，也是一位作家。as well 也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既又 as well as 并列连词，不但而且12 convenience: n.方便；便利 convenient: adj. We bought his house for its convenience. 为了方便我们买了他的房子。 for the convenience of 为了的方便 convenience store 便利商店 for convenience 为了方便起见 at your convenience 在你方便的时候 at your earliest convenience 尽早；得便务请从速 convenience sampling 便利抽样；方便抽样；任意抽样 at ones convenience 在某人方便之时 Adj. convenient 方便的 adv. conveniently 便利地；合宜地13 .attraction:（attract:v.）1).吸引；引力(不可数n.)e.g. Attraction of gravitation 重力 2).吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数n.)tourist attraction 观光胜地 attraction for 对的吸引力 sexual attraction 性吸引力；性诱惑，性引诱fatal attraction 致命的吸引力（电影名称） magnetic attraction 磁吸引；磁引力Adj. attractive 吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的 attractable 可被吸引的Adv. attractively 迷人地；有吸引力地；动人地 N. attractiveness 吸引力；迷惑力 attractor 自 吸引子；引起注意的人Vi. attract 吸引；有吸引力 vt. attract 吸引；引起 The main attraction of Beijing resides in its enchanting scenery. 北京最大的吸引力在于它的迷人景色。十四1)v.对产生影响e.g.What influence you to choose a career in teaching?你在教学中选择职业的影响是什么?2)可数n.产生影响的人或事e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.他是学校的好学生之一。 3)(不可数n.)影响e.g.A teacher has great influence over his pupils.教师对学生有很大的影响influence on 对的影响 under the influence 酒醉的 influence in 干涉；介入 under the influence of 在的影响之下 influence factor n. 影响因素；电话干扰系数n. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事effect , infection , impression , affection , incidence vt. 影响；改变 affect , impact of , impact on , reach , fashionAdj. influential 有影响的；有势力的 influent 流入的 adv .influentially 有影响地；有力地 n. influent 支流Unit 3一impression n. 印记；印象；感想；后接of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that e.g. My first impression of him was favourable. 知识拓展：impress v.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。impression of 有样的印象； impression on 对的印象 first impression 第一印象 give the impression 留下印象 under the impression 记得 false impression 错觉； make an impression 让人眼前一亮； general impression 整体印象 n. 印象；效果，影响；压痕，印记；感想 infection , effect , influence , affection , printAdj impressive 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的 impressionable 敏感的；易受影响的 impressionistic 印象派的；印象主义的；给人深刻印象的 impressible 敏感的；感受性强烈的；易感动的Adv. impressively 令人难忘地；感人地 vi. impress 给人印象 vt. impress 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象N. impress 印象，印记； impressionist 印象主义者 impressionism 印象派， impressiveness 令人难忘；印象性；感人The journey leaves a favourable impression. 这次旅行给他们留下了良好的印象。2 Remind v.提醒 remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事； remind sb.(that)/wh-从句提醒某；使某人想起 remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识 You remind me of your father when you say that. Adj. remindful 提醒的；留意的 n. reminder 暗示；提醒的人/物；催单Remind her to come earlier tomorrow morning.提醒她明天上午早点来。This mishap reminded me of a traffic accident I once experienced.这次不幸事故使我联想起我过去经历的一次交通事故3 constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地 e.g. Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异。adv. constant的变形constant knstnt n.不变的事物【数学、物理学】常数；常量，恒量adj. ，始终如一的 继续不断的，不停的 坚定的，坚决的 忠诚的；忠贞的 持续的，连续发生的，持久的；经常的He was constantly tormented with headache. 他不断受到头痛的折磨。 近义词:continual . faithful四previous adj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的 近义词:preceding . antecedent 反义词: followingAdj. 先的；前的；以前的 口语过早的；过急的；太早的 短语: previous to 在以前；在之前 Adv. 在前，在先，The lawyer cited a previous case to support his argument. 这位律师援引了一个以前的案例来证实他的论断。5 bend v.（bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；e.g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。 常用搭配有: bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事 bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服吗bend the truth 歪曲事实 Adj. bended 弯曲的 n. bending 弯曲度 bender 饮酒作乐；扭弯物体的人；六便士银币 V. bending 弯曲（bend的ing形式） bended 弯曲；使屈从；决意（bend的过去分词形式之一） vt. 使弯曲；使屈服；使致力；使朝向 wind , curve vi. 弯曲，转弯；屈服；倾向；专心于tend , affect n. 弯曲 curve , give , winding , inflection bend in 把往里弯 bend over 俯身；折转 bend down 蹲下，弯腰Slowly bend your knees until your feet point toward the ceiling. 慢慢的弯曲你的膝盖直到你的脚板指向天花板。六press v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促 n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界 She pressed a handkerchief to his nose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。press conference 记者招待会新闻发布会 in the press 正在印刷； 即将出版press the button 按钮；按键press down 压 hydraulic press 液压机；水压机；油压机 printing press 印刷机 press in 压入vt. 压；按；逼迫；紧抱push , hug n. 压；按；新闻；出版社；印刷印刷机 clic , news bulletinAdj. pressing 紧迫的；迫切的；恳切的 pressurized 加压的；受压的 pressor 加压的；有使血压增高的；收缩血管的N. pressure 压力；压迫，物 压强 pressing 压；冲压件 pressor 升高血压的物质V. pressing 压；按；熨烫衣物（press的ing形式） pressurized 增压；密封；使加压（pressurize的过去式）Vt. pressure 迫使；密封；使增压 pressurize 密封；增压；使加压，使压入compress 指把某些东西压在一起或使占有较小空间。press 普通用词，指一个物体在另一个物体上加压力。squeeze 多指从两面或多面施加压力来压紧、压碎或压出水来。squash 指某物受力被压偏或压碎。也指塞挤。7 switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。switch on 接通，开启 switch off （用开关）关掉；切断（电源） switch in 接通；合闸control switch 控制开关 power switch 电源开关 light switch 灯开关；照明开关n.switching 电 开关；转换；整流；配电 switcher 交换机；转换开关；调车机车V. switching 转换（switch的ing形式） Switch from one module to another. 从一个模块转换到另一个模块。八lack n. & v. 用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“；短缺；没有；不足”The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。 He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。lack of 没有，缺乏 for lack of 因缺乏；因缺少； lack in 缺少； lack of power 乏力；缺乏动力by lack of 因没有.；因缺乏. from lack of 因没有.；因缺乏. lack of money 缺钱 lack of time 缺乏时间lack of capital 缺乏资金 lack for 缺乏 through lack of 因缺乏 lack of faith 不信教，不信神lack of fusion 未熔合；未焊透；vt. 缺乏；不足；没有；需要ask , claim vi. 缺乏；不足；没有 fail , low in n. 缺乏；不足shortage , short of , deficiency , need ,Adj. lacking 缺乏的；没有的；不足的 v. lacking 缺少；不足（lack的ing形式The school suspended for lack of finances. 那所学校因经费不足而暂时停办。九surroundings n.pl. 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.周围的，附近的environmental , ambient n. 环境，周围的事物context , circumstance , setting , conditionThe transplant was rejected by the surrounding tissue. 移植的器官受到周围组织的排斥。十 catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出 lose sight of 看不见,忘记 lose ones sight 失明at first sight 一见就；乍看起来At first sight, the problem seems easy. at (the) sight of一看见就 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. be in sight 看得见，在眼前The island is still in sight. out of sight 看不见Out of sight, out of minHow they long to get a sight of their native land! 他们多么渴望看一看故乡啊十一 take up 拿起，捡起：She took up the receiver and began to dial the number. 她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。吸收(水分)；溶解(固体)：She used a blotting paper to take up the ink.她用吸墨纸吸墨 to take up ones residence with someone占用，占(地方)：All available accommodation were taken up.房间都住满了。 和某人居住在一起 占去(地方、时间、注意力等)；Im sorry Ive already taken up so much of your valuable time.对不起，我占了你这么多宝贵时间。安(家)，定(居)；He married a Fren