故宫-中英文分析解析.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除【故宫】午门 Meridian Gate午门是进出紫禁城的主要通道。这样命名是因为皇帝认为自己是“天子”，紫禁城是宇宙的中心，因此贯穿南北的中轴线作为子午线贯穿故宫。The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate, which was so named because the emperor considered himself the Son of the Heaven and the Palace, the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace.午门在紫禁城南面城垣正中，为禁城正门，是紫禁城四座城门中最大的一座。明永乐十八年（1420年）建成。Meridian gate, in the middle of the south wall, is the mine entrance to the Forbidden City. Its the largest one in the four gates of the Forbidden City, built in the eighteenth year of Emperor Yongle, Ming Dynasty. (1420).城台中央门洞为皇帝出入的“御路门”，此外只有皇后大婚时喜轿入宫，殿试高中的状元、榜眼和探花出宫时可以走中门，以示皇帝的优崇。宗室王公则出入西门，文武官员出入东门。The central doorway is for the emperor to go in and get out, called “Imperial Gate”. In addition, to show the emperors preferential treatment, only the queens wedding sedan into the palace, the Champion scholar, Runner-up scholar and the Third in the imperial examination out the palace can walk in the central door (“Imperial Gate”). Imperial clan get in and out from the west gate, officials from the east gate.明代，皇帝施淫威处罚大臣的“廷杖”也在此进行，“推出午门斩首”的说法即由此讹化而来。In Ming dynasty, Emperor punished their minister by “Court Beating” in front of Meridian Gate. “Launch meridian gate beheaded” was incorrectly relayed this information, which is not real. (As the legend goes,the Meridian Gate used to be a place where condemned ranking officials would be executed. This not true)内金水桥 Inner Golden Water Bridge流经太和门广场，蜿蜒呈弓形。广场中央五座汉白玉石桥跨越河道，齐指太和门方向。正中主桥是皇帝专用的“御路桥”，栏杆上雕云龙柱头。两旁四座宾桥栏杆皆饰二十四气柱头，主桥旁两座供宗室王公行走的称“王公桥”，再次两座供三品以上文武大臣行走，称“品级桥”。Beyond the Meridian Gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the Inner Golden Water River runs from east to west. The river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by Confuciusbenevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity.Golden Water Bridge: They are five white marble stone bridges across the river.The one in the middle was used exclusive by the emperor and its banisters were carved with dragon and phoenix designs, called “Imperial Bridge”. The railings of the other four bridges on both sides are decorated with 24 Solar Terms. The bridges flanking the imperial one were reserved for princes and other royal members, called Maharaja Bridge. The rest were used by palatines, called Grade Bridge.太和门 Gate of Supreme Harmony是紫禁城外朝庄严的门户，明永乐年建成，初称奉天门，嘉靖朝改名皇极门。清顺治入主北京后始名太和门。现有建筑为清光绪年间火灾后所重建而成。太和门坐落于汉白玉基座上，丹陛下列铜鼎四只，门前左右分列石亭、石匮，还有两只宫内最巨大的青铜狮子为明代铸造。东侧玩一个球的石狮是男性,象征着权力和全民团结。另一个在西侧幼崽拥抱在它的爪下的是女性,代表繁荣无休止的继承。Built in yongle year, Ming dynasty, at first called “Mukden door”.Gate of Supreme Harmony is located on a white marble pedestal, there are four bronze tripods, and stone pavilion and stone cabinet arein the left and right sides respectively in front of the gates. In the foreground stand two massive bronze lions, they are the biggest ones in the palace. They were casted in Ming Dynasty. The one on the east playing with a ball is male, symbolizing power and universal unity. The other on the west with a cub cuddling underneath its claw is female, representing prosperity the endless succession.奉天门（即太和门）在明代是皇帝早朝御门听政的场所，且洪熙、宣德、正统三朝皇帝即在此门登基即位，所以在明代又被称为大朝门。清入关后，顺治皇帝也在此颁诏天下。Mukden door (Gate of Supreme Harmony) in the Ming Dynasty is the place the emperor and ministers to discuss politics like a morning rally. And three emperors of Ming dynasty ascend the throng here. In Qing dynasty, the emperor shunzhi also in there issued proclamations to the world.太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony是紫禁城中的至尊金殿，即民间所谓皇宫中的“金銮宝殿”，这里是皇帝举行重大朝典之地。Its name indicates the hope of harmony in the world. Its the supremacy palace in the central of the Forbidden City, called the “Majestic palace” in the folk, where the emperor held the momentous ceremony and celebrations.太和殿是紫禁城中最大的殿宇，也是中国现存规制最高的古代宫殿建筑。大殿内外饰以成千上万条金龙纹，屋脊角安设十个脊兽，在现存古建筑中仅此一例。The hall of supreme harmony is one of the largest palaces in the Forbidden City, is also the Chinese existing highest regulation of ancient palace buildings. Inside and outside of the hall was decorated with hundreds of thousands of gold dragon, ten ridge beasts were installed on the roof Angle, all of these make it the only one in the extant ancient buildings.太和殿,长方形,高27米,面积2300平方米, 在宫殿群中是最伟大和最重要的大厅。它也是中国最大的木结构和灿烂的色彩组合在现有宫殿的一个杰出范例。这个大厅举行重大场合的典礼，像是:冬至,春节,皇帝的生日和即位,和作战调兵遣将等。在这些场合会有一个皇家仪仗队站在大厅前,一直延伸到午门。The Hall of Supreme Harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the Palace complex. It is also Chinas largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the Winter Solstice, the Spring Festival, the emperors birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.中和殿 Hall of Central Harmony中和殿位处太和殿与保和殿之间。初建于明永乐年（15世纪初），初名华盖殿，后几经灾毁和修建。明嘉靖年重建后改名中极殿，清顺治帝入主紫禁城后改名中和殿，意为秉中庸之道，求天下和顺。中和殿四面门窗的形制取自古代的“明堂”。皇帝在升太和殿举行大典前，先在此暂憩，并接受执事官员的朝拜。或于亲祭等大礼前在此检阅祝文、奏书之类的准备工作。It located between the hall of supreme harmony and Hall of Preserving Harmony.At the beginning, it was named Canopy temple.In Qing dynasty, the Hall was renamed by Shunzhi Emperor. The meaning of name is to take the golden mean (the middle road) and pursue the harmony of the world.The Hall of Complete Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies, had temporary rest and accepted the pilgrimage of deacons officials etc. 保和殿 Hall of Preserving Harmony是三台上的第三座大殿。原名为谨身殿，后改建极殿，清代最终定名为保和殿，意为保持心志纯一，共享天下和谐。顺治帝、康熙帝曾在此居住，顺治帝的大婚也在此举行。清代每年除夕、正月十五，皇帝在此举办宴会。清乾隆五十四年（1789年）以后，皇帝主持的殿试也改在这里举行It is third palace in which banquets and imperial examinations were held, which means to maintain the consciousness and attitude concentrated, sharing harmonious world. Qing emperor Shunzhi and Kangxi once lived here. Fulin wedding was also held here. Emperor of the qing dynasty held banquets in the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and the New Years eve of every year.乾清门 Gate of Heavenly Purity清代皇帝在此御门听政，其中以康熙皇帝最勤。御门当日辰时（上午8时左右），皇帝在门内中央升座，朝臣依次奏事并领受君王谕旨。 The emperor in the qing dynasty discuss politics with his officials like a morning rally. The emperor kangxi is the most diligent one.乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity为皇帝的正寝。明永乐年（15世纪初）建成，曾数次遭焚和重建，现有建筑为清嘉庆三年（1798年）重建。“乾清”为乾天清正之意。自明至清初，乾清宫都是皇帝治理朝政和居住的正殿。明清皇帝驾崩后都在此停棂，以示“寿终正寝”。清雍正皇帝以后，皇帝寝宫移至养心殿，但这里仍为君王理政和举行节庆大典的重要宫殿之一。殿内高悬清顺治皇帝御书“正大光明”匾，匾后为清代皇帝放置建储密匣之处。The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Hall of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. The promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. After the emperors death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.The plaque of “frank and righteous” (or “fair and square”) was hung in the hall, which was written by emperor of Shunzhi. The imperial succession edict was placed after the plaque.交泰殿 Hall of Union and Peace交泰殿是正宫皇后在重大节庆接受朝贺之地。清乾隆年以后，象征皇权的二十五方宝玺平日贮藏于殿内。Hall of union and peace is the Queens palace to receive the pray in major festivals. Qianlong years later, twenty five imperial jade seals, the symbol of imperial power, is stored in the hall.坤宁宫 Hall of Earthly Tranquility位处交泰殿之北，是皇后的正宫。“坤宁”为坤地宁定之意。清代，坤宁宫虽仍称正宫，但主要做为宫内萨满教祭神的场所和皇帝大婚的洞房，年幼登基的康熙、同治、光绪三帝以及逊帝溥仪大婚时均先在此居住二日，再迁居乾清宫或养心殿。而皇后日常不住在这里。The Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.坤宁门 Kunning Dooralcohol n. 酒；酒精是后三宫通往御花园的主要门户。oxygen n. 氧Kunning Door is the main gateway to the imperial gardenconsideration n. 考虑；体谅御花园 The Imperial Gardendeliberately adv. 故意地御花园在明朝初期成形。园内有上百棵松树和柏树供乘凉所用，各类鲜花全年为御花园添色添香。御花园的中心是道观钦安殿，平屋顶在四个屋檐方向略向下倾。这种屋顶形式在中国古建筑中很罕见。在东北角是一座假山叫堆秀山，整座山完全是由奇形怪状的石块堆砌而成，顶部是一个亭子。山脚下是两个喷泉，喷射两股水柱到空中。据说在农历的九月初九，皇后会登上假山顶欣赏秋季美景，这一天登高可以使人们保持健康远离疾病。The Imperial Garden was laid out during the early Ming dynasty. Hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. In he center of the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace, a Taoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. This type of roof was rare in ancient Chinese architecture. In the northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the Hill of the Piled-up Wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. At the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. It is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. It is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.神武门 Gate of Devine Prowess公道的在紫禁城北面城垣正中，为禁城北门。神武门是宫中日常出入的重要门禁，皇后祭先蚕，清代选秀女，将妃嫔迎入宫等都要走神武门。帝后走中央正门，嫔妃、官吏、侍卫、太监及工匠等由两侧的门洞出入。1924年，逊帝溥仪被驱逐出宫即经此门离去。cucumber n. 黄瓜Gate of Devine Prowess is in the middle of the north wall, the north gate of the Forbidden City. It is one of the important daily entrances. The central door was used by Emperor and Empress. Concubines, officials, imperial bodyguard, the eunuch and craftspeople walk from both sides of the door. In 1942, the last emperor was expelled from the Palace through this door. n. 惊慌；恐慌传说故宫有多少房间有资料说有9999.5间，比玉皇大帝的天宫只少半间。vi.梳（发）故宫里头现在存有8000多间房子。float vi. & vt. （使）浮动；（使）漂浮Its said there were 9999.5 rooms in the Forbidden City and only less semi-room than the palace of the jade emperor. The Forbidden City now has more than 8000 houses in it. adv.用别的方法；其他方面传说，当初刘伯温修建北京城皇宫的时候，皇上和他的儿子燕王打算把宫殿修盖得间量多点儿、大点儿，总觉得皇上住的地方应当特别华贵，不然就显不出天子的尊严。这天，皇上正要传旨宣刘伯温，就在这个节骨眼儿上，刘伯温来了。 刘伯温一见皇上就说：“启奏万岁，臣昨天夜里做了一个梦，梦见玉皇大帝把臣召到凌霄殿上对臣说：你朝皇帝要修盖皇宫，你告诉他！天宫宝殿是一万间，凡间宫殿万不可超过天宫。你还要告诉他，要请三十六金刚、七十二地煞去保护凡间皇城，才能够风调雨顺国泰民安，你要牢牢记住。玉皇大帝说完这些话，就扑过来一阵白茫茫的香雾，一下就把臣吓醒啦！” 皇上听了觉着很怪，想了想，就下旨叫刘伯温