自然环境类阅读文章的答题技巧点拨.doc

自然环境类阅读文章的答题技巧点拨华中农业大学 外国语 胡素芬自然环境是我们人类赖以生存的空间。人类从对自然的恐惧，到改造自然，到现在保护自然环境的过程，实际上是人类文明进步和发展的过程。环境是人们永远关注的话题。一般从如下几个方面进行阐述：（1）人类生存的环境中出现的问题；（2）解决这个问题的过程；（3）结果如何；（4）意义。在四级考试中，自然环境问题一个重要的内容，其行文和试题有鲜明的特点。环境问题的高频词汇为 environment，pollution，emission，contaminate等。四级考试中关于环境的文章较多。由于篇幅所限，本文选取其中最有代表意义的2005年1月 和6月两篇文章进行分析。首先请看2005年1月四级阅读第一篇文章。Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Burton, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Burton published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Burton found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990.The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem (生态系统) respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.21. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that . A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB) lead deposits in Arctic snow are on the increaseC) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD) the U.S. is the major source of lead pollution in Arctic snow22. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US .A) was discouraged C) was prohibited by lawB) was enforced by law D) was introduced23. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern America.D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.24. The authors of the Ambio study have found that . A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD) the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions.25. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists . A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollutionB) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasolineC) still consider lead pollution a problemD) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution此篇文章是关于环境污染的。首先，第一自然段就指出环境出问题了：土壤和雪地里铅的含量超标。然后谈及解决这个问题的过程和方法，那就是使用无铅汽油。并且引用了专家学者的研究成果。在引用专家的研究成果时，作者用了A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that,In his new study, Dr. Burton found that., In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that, Many scientists had believed that, Scientists say both studies demonstrate that, 表明人类对于这个环境问题解决的过程和成果。同时在最后一自然段说明意义。行文非常清楚流畅。21题 The study published in the journal Nature indicates that .这题很简单，是一个细节题。第二自然段用黑体字标出的部分就是答案所在。因此此题答案为D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in Arctic snow。22题Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US . 此题干的关键词是the use of unleaded gas。那么它在哪里出现了呢？在第一自然段最后一句，笔者用黑体字标出。在这句里有Clean Air Act ，意思是“空气清新法案”，所以我们可以推断出正确答案为B) was enforced by law。23题. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland? 第三自然段第一句话告诉我们答案，所以此题仍然是细节题。答案为D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.24题The authors of the Ambio study have found that .通过题干关键词The authors of the Ambio study 我们可以找到答案所在的位置是第七和八自然段。通过分析和比较,可知答案为A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected.25题It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists .唯一一个推断题。从最后一自然段我们可以推断出答案为C) still consider lead pollution a problem。下面一篇是2005年6月四级考试第一篇文章。Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure Americas energy future ? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWRs oil would help ease Californias electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the countrys energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall（意外之财）in tax revenues, royalties(开采权使用费)and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “Weve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease Americas energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWRs impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden States electricity output and just 3% of the nations.21. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?A) It will exhaust the nations oil reserves. C) It will help reduce the nations oil imports B) It will help secure the future of ANWR. D) It will increase Americas energy consumption 22. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _. A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields B) tends to exaggerate Americas reliance on foreign oilC) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia 23. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _.A) it can cause serious damage to the environment B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region D) it will not have much commercial value 24. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast” (Line 1, Para .3)? A) Oil exploitation takes a long time C) Dont be too optimisticB) The oil drilling should be delayed D) Dont expect fast returns25. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWRs frozen earth .A) remains a controversial issue C) involves a lot of technological problems B) is expected to get under way soon D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent这篇文章是关于对大自然环境的开发利用中出现的问题来说的。关于环保问题的文章大多是“花开两朵 ，各表一枝”。文章会从赞成和反对开发自然资源两方面展开。此篇开头用提问的方式问Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR)的石油是否能够挽救美国的能源未来？接着笔锋一转，指出没有人能够敢肯定。第二