高中英语 Unit4 Astronomy教案 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4 astronomy: the science of the stars教学目的和要求（teaching aims and demands）类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题science of the stars；the development of life；space travel and gravity词汇astronomy atmosphere system violent solid explode exist masscarbon dioxide oxygen surface planet harmful spread floatdevelopment method depend presence telescope disappoint cheerdisappointed publish publishing gravity force gradually词组、短语solar system in time prevent . from depend on cheer upnow that break out功能指示（instructions）please look at/listen to .please pay attention to .please check that .make sure you .dont forget to .watch out for .you need .youd better .you must（nt）.语法主语从句（noun clauses as the subject）what it was to become was a mystery . it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.随堂练习1、do you know the following subjects?medicinemedicine is a subject that contains biology and chemistry.biochemistrybiochemistry is a subject that contains biology and chemistry.geophysicsgeophysics is a subject that contains geology and physics.astronomyastronomy is a subject which uses knowledge both from mathematics and physics.2、think about what you have read and make choices.why was the earth different from other planets?（b）a it produced a lot of heat. b the water remained.c water disappeared. d it was the oldest planet.why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?（c）a the earth had a solid shape.b the earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.c the water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.d the earth was not too hot and not too cold.why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?（b）a animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.b plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.c animals could hide from hunters in forests.d it was easier for plants to grow.what problem is caused by human beings?a they exist everywhere on the earth. b they cause global warming.c they find new methods of growing crops. d they enjoy hunting and fishing.2、can you put the order of development of life into a time line? use the readingto help you.a insects and amphibians appear b a solid ball c reptiles appear d a cloud of dust e shellfish and other fish appear f dinosaurs appear g small plants grow on the water h plants begin to grow on dry land i presence of water j mammals（including humans）appear 3、answer the following questions.why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?dinosaur died out long before human beings developed on the earth.why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?they are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creatures on the earth so far.课堂笔记1、it exploded loudly with fire and rock, they were in time to produce the watervapor, .地球猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、in time=sooner or later迟早=not late or without delay（on time准时）good luck to him, the doctor arrived there in time and the boy was saved.幸运的是，医生及时赶到，男孩得救了。youll understand it in time.（=sooner or later）你迟早会明白这件事的。*be to do常用来表示不可避免将要发生的事或必须要做的事。this discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.这个发现对心脏病的治疗产生了重大影响。mr. clark said to his daughter, “you are to be home by 10 oclock at the latest.”克拉克先生对他的女儿说，“你必须在10点以前到家。”i was（about）to leave when my uncle came in.（此时be to do=be about to do）我正要出发，这时叔叔进来了。2、it allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of theearths atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。allow sb to do允许某人做某事allow doing准许做某事we dont allow anybody to smoke in our bedroom.=we dont allow smoking in our bedroom.我们不允许（任何人）在我们寝室抽烟。her parents wont allow her c out more than 11:00 in the evening.a stay b will stay c to stay d stayingpermit sb to do=permit doing允许（某人）干 advise sb to do=advise doing建议（某人）干 forbid sb to do=forbid doing禁止（某人）干3、they produced young generally by laying eggs.它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。by doing sth=by means of doing sth用于说明做某事的手段、方法。we have no choice but to make a living by working hard every day.=we have no choice but to make a living by means of working hard every day.我们别无选择，只有靠每天拼命工作来谋生。i dont think she can help him by just giving him money.我认为光靠给钱，她是帮不了他的。相关链接：by this means靠这种方法 by these means靠这些方法4、they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heatfrom escaping from the earth into space.它们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent .（from）doing=stop .（from）doing=keep . from doing这三个短语都有“阻止某人做某事”的意思，但要注意介词from的省略用法。keep . from doing不能省略介词from，因为keep sb doing sth的意思是“让某人连续（持续）做某事”。the heavy rain couldnt b c him going there.（多项选择）a keep b stop c prevent d protectim sorry i have c you waiting for so long time.（单项选择）a stopped b prevented c kept d made5、whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will dependon whether this problem can be solved.在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否解决。depend on取决于；决定于will you go swimming this afternoon?well. it all a d.（哪两个答案不对？）a depends on b dependsc depends on the weather d depends the weather我们年龄够大了，要靠我们自己。we are old enough to depend on ourselves.6、i cheered up immediately floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabinwatching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后）地球越来越小，而月球在逐渐变大。cheer up欢呼；喝彩；高兴watch sb do sth观看某人做某事（强调全过程或经常性动作）watch sb doing sth观看某人正在做某事we cheered up when we saw our womens volleyball team win the final game.当我们看到中国女排最终赢得决赛时高兴得不得了（欢呼雀跃）。every day as they watched the plant grow, their hearts were filled with hope.他们每天都在观察这棵植物的生长，心里充满了希望。（表示经常与全过程）the little girl couldnt help jumping when she saw her mother coming.当女孩看到她妈妈到来时，禁不住跳了起来。（正在进行）相关链接hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事listen to sb do sth听见某人做某事 listen to sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事look at sb do sth 看到某人做某事 look at sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事7、“oh, dear,”i cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声地说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now（that）既然；由于=since/because of the fact thatnow（that）everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。now（that）youve grown up, you can decide it yourself.既然你已经长大了，可以自己决定（它）了。语法：主语从句（noun clauses as the subject）主语从句的特点是：整个句子作主语。what you said is quite right.when they will arrive here is unknown.但是，如果主语从句太长，可以用it作形式主语而主语从句后移。that our monitor often helps an old lady every afternoon is true.=it is true that our monitor often helps an old lady every afternoon.练习1、can you find the following sentence in the reading passage?what it was to become was a mystery .in this sentence a noun clause is used as the subject.please pick out three more sentences with subject clauses from the readingpassage. because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.what scientists think is that the earth was different because of .whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come willdepend on .2、you have to send a text message to a friend on a mobile. to save money, youmust use as few words as possible. both sentences must mean the same.complex sentencessimple sentenceswhat time i go to bed is fixed.my bedtime is fixed.why dinosaurs died out is a mystery.the extinction of dinosaur isa mystery.whether early plants were importantfor life was not known to scientists.the importance of early plantswas not known to scientists.how fish developed from early shellfishis well-known.the development of fish iswell-known.what reptiles look like and how large theyare is strange.the appearance of reptiles isstrange.3、your friend, daisy, is working for a publishing company that pays her forevery word she writes. she wants to use as many words as possible so she canget enough money to help with the project hope. but she only has time tobegin her sentences. can you help her finish them?daisys partyour part of the sentencesthe fact isthat many people do not know how far beijing is fromreading, england.your difficult isthat you do not know how to grow pineapples.my problem washow long the journey would take us.the question iswhere you will find a town that is the shortest distancefrom london, england.the trouble iswhether you could find a comfortable hotel that canprovide satisfactory service in this small poorvillage.重点词汇1、harmful有害的 harm vt.& n.有害；害处do harm to sb对某人有害smoking is harmful to our health.=smoking harms our health.=smoking does harm to our health.抽烟对我们的身体有害。2、develop vt.& n.发展；开发；冲洗（底片）developed adj.发达的developing adj.发展中的he believes that sports can develop mind and body.他相信运动有益于身心发展。in my opinion, developed coun