高中英语 Unit6 副词 I语法考点超级归纳素材.doc

unit6 副词考点一：副词的句法作用副词在句中主要用作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。作状语we can hardly wait to see them. 我们迫不及待地想要见到他们。was she so much cleverer than anyone else? 她比别人聪明得多吗？eventually, they arrived in beijing. 他们最终抵达了北京。the company has also grown internationally. 公司也向国际化发展。作表语the race to the south pole was on!去南极圈的比赛开始了！tomorrow we are away. 明天我们不在家。作定语on his way home he thought abouthis ownmenu. 在回家的路上，他想起了他自己的菜谱。作宾补i am very happy to see you back. 看到你回来我很高兴。keep the light on if you feel afraid. 如果你感到害怕，就开着灯。特别提示：1）英语里的副词在句中的位置非常灵活。一般而言，多数副词放在所修饰的动词后或句末；频度副词（often, never等）以及程度副词（almost, still, just, suddenly等）一般放在动词前，助动词或系动词后，为了强调可放在句首；疑问副词和句子副词一般放在句首。例如： its raining hard. / she never gets up early on sundays. / i almost forgot about it. / how are you? / hopefully, they will come.2）enough修饰形容词或副词时须后置，例如：hes old enough to join the army. 他已到了参军的年龄。cannot+adj. / adv.+enough为固定搭配，意为“再也不为过”，“越越好”，例如：you cannot be careful enough. 你越细心越好。类似的表达为can nevertoo+adj. / adv.。考点二：副词的比较级和最高级1. 副词的比较级和最高级的构成（1）规则形式副词的比较级和最高级的规则形式与形容词基本相同，即单音节副词和少数双音节副词是在原级后加-er, -est构成，多音节和其他双音节词是在词前加more, most构成。构成方式见下表：情况词尾变化原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er和-esthard 努力地fast 迅速地harderfasterhardestfastest以e结尾的词加-r和-stlate 晚；迟laterlatest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词变y为i，再加-er和-estearly 早earlierearliest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写该辅音字母，再加-er和-esthot 热切地hotterhottest其他双音节词和多音节词加more和mosthappily 高兴地carefully 仔细地more happilymore carefullymost happilymost carefully（2）不规则形式英语里有些副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，需要逐个记忆，详见下表：原级比较级最高级well（好）betterbestbadly（差；严重地）worseworstmuch（非常）moremostfar（远）fartherfarthestfurtherfurthest2. 副词比较等级的基本用法原级常用于“as原级as”结构i could run as fastas wang ping.我以前能跑得与王平一样快。比较级常用于“比较级than”结构she was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in greece. 她很漂亮，而且跑得比希腊的任何男人都快。 i noticed that the heavier objects went down more quickly than the smaller, lighter ones. 我注意到那些重一些的物体比较小而轻的下落得快一些。最高级常用于“（the）最高级比较范围”结构now tell me, my dears, which of you loves me most? 现在告诉我，亲爱的孩子们，你们当中谁最爱我？of all the mobile phones i like this one (the) best. 在所有的手机中，我最喜欢这款。we all arrived early but she arrived earliest of all. 我们都到得早，但她到得最早。3. 副词比较等级的其他用法“比较级and比较级”或“more and more原级”意为“越来越”the waves were carrying james further and further away from us. 海浪把詹姆斯冲得离我们越来越远。the more . the more意为“越，越”the more you use english, the more you will want to learn it. 你用英语越多，你就越想学。more than用于动词、形容词和副词前，意为“非常”，“超过”，“不仅仅”he is more than willing to help. 他非常愿意帮忙。“no比较级than”意为“不过”、“仅仅”、“同一样不”he did no better than tom. 他做得跟汤姆一样差。特别提示：1）有些as.as结构已成为固定说法，例如：as soon as（一就），as much as（差不多），as good as（和几乎一样），as long as（只要），as well as（和）。2）在一定的上下文中，than从句有时可以省略，例如：he then sailed further south to an island which is now known as newfoundland. 他接着朝南航行得更远，到达了一个现被称作纽芬兰的岛屿。3）在某个特定的范围内与其他同类事物进行对比时，可用比较级形式表示最高级含义：any other单数名词比较级than the other复数名词 anyone/anything else any of the other复数名词例如：he runs faster than any other student / anyone else in his class. 他跑得比他班其他任何学生都快。4）副词的比较级前可以加much, a lot, far, a bit, a little, even等修饰词语，表示程度。例如：mike draws much / a lot / farmore beautifully than tom.迈克画的画比汤姆画的漂亮多了。5）比较级用于否定结构中，意为“最不过”，例如：i cant agree with youmore. 我再同意你不过了。考点三：副词的同义词辨析易混副词辨义例句ago与beforeago指从现在看某段时间“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可单独使用；before多指从过去看某段时间“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。i first met her four years ago.我四年前第一次遇见她。he told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。yet与alreadyalready用于肯定句，意为“已经”；yet用于否定句，意为“还”，用于疑问句，意为“已经”。 already还常用于疑问句句末，表示惊奇、惊讶等语气。she had already left when i got there.当我到达那儿时，她已经离开了。have you found your key yet？你已经找到你的钥匙了吗？he hasnt arrived yet. 他还没有到。has your son gone to the united states already？你的儿子已经去美国了？how long, how often与how soonhow long表示持续多久，how often表示间隔多久，how soon表示要过多久以后。how long does it take to make a film? 拍一部电影要花多长时间？about two years. 大约要两年时间。 how often do you use the internet? 你多久使用一次因特网？ almost every day. 几乎每天。 how soonwill she be back？她过多久回来？ in half an hour. 半小时后。rather与fairlyrather表示不适合，而fairly则表示适合；rather可与比较级形容词或者too连用，fairly则不行；rather和fairly在修饰形容词时，如果形容词前有不定冠词a，rather可置于a之前或之后；fairly则只能放在a后面。this is a fairly easy book这是一本相当浅易的书。（虽浅，仍适宜阅读）this is a rather easy book它是一本过于浅易的书。（太浅，不适宜阅读）she is rather better today她今天好多了。this book is rather too difficult for us这本书对我们来说太难。it was a rather hot day. = it was rather a hot day.（注意：只可说it was a fairly warm day.不可说it was fairly a warm day.）almost与nearly这两个词均意为“几乎”，“差不多”，常可通用，只是almost比nearly“更接近”一些。nearly 后面不可接否定词，但almost后面可接否定词not, no, none, never以及any, nobody, nothing, anything等连用。not nearly 为习语，意为“远不”。ive almost / nearly finished. 我快做完了。its nearly 12 oclock. 快12点了。（可能是11点45分）its almost 12 oclock. 马上12点了。（可能是11点55分）almost nobody was there. 那里几乎没有人。shes almost never late for school. 她上学几乎从未迟到过。the funny story is not nearly funny enough. 那个笑话一点也不好笑。the film is not nearly as good as i expected. 这部电影没有我预料的那么好。hard与hardlyhard既是形容词，又是副词，意为“艰难的”、“努力地”；hardly仅为副词，意为“几乎不”。this is a hard job. we can hardly believe that he works hard. 这是一项艰苦的工作。我们简直难以相信他会如此卖力。quickly与fastfast是与形容词同形的副词，多指运动的物体的“快”；quickly多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。he was running faster than me. 他当时跑得比我快。the world population is increasing very fast. 世界人口增长很快。he quickly got up and went on running.他迅速爬起来，继续跑。very, much与very muchvery常用于修饰形容词、副词和分词形容词的原级等；much常用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级、介词短语等； very much常用来修饰动词the news of the pearl spread through the town very quickly. 珍珠的消息很快在镇子里传开了。if we work independently, we can learn much more. 如果我们自主学习，就可以学得更多。thank you very much.非常感谢你。rather than与would ratherrather than意为“与其”，“不是”，相当于 instead of。例如：would rather + 动词原形，意为“我宁愿”，相当于“id prefer to ”，具有选择意义。rather than 可以和 would 连用，如 would rather than 或 would rather than ，意为“我宁愿做不愿做”。rather than ride in a crowded bus, he ran quickly to school. 他是跑着去上学的，而没有乘坐拥挤的公交车。ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我要喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。she would rather walk than drive. 她宁愿步行，也不愿开车。id prefer to go on sunday rather than on monday. 我愿星期天去，不愿星期一去。 id rather like a gla