初中英语教学论文 提高英语阅读理解效果的几种途径.doc

提高英语阅读理解效果的几种途径近几年的高考中，英语阅读量越来越大，要求相对提高了。我认为要做好阅读理解，除了掌握基本词汇量外，还要懂得一些技巧。一、明白文章的类型、结构在阅读文章时，要观察文章属于什么类型，什么结构。这有助于你迅速找到答案。一般来说，新闻报道的开头就把发生的事一目了然地写出来，所以，新闻报道的第一段最重要的，接下来才讲述事情的经过及细节。而议论性文章也喜欢这种形式，先开门见山提出观点，再进行论述。说明文喜欢一点一点分开说明。广告词喜欢用简炼、省略、缩略的语言方式表达，有时较迷惑人。例如。share flat,goodhope valley nice flat. the other room ready for use immediately , quiet andconvenient, fully furnished, park view. $45p.w. including bills of phone and power.female non-smoker. no pet.helen:2525744.or2247890helen want to .a. find another lady to share the cost of a flat.b. share her room in a flat with a lady who has no pet.c. rent out a flat of her own at $45 p. w.d.find a flat in goodhope valley with park view.很多同学选b或c，但正确为a。选b的同学是因为受广告未端“no pet”的影响而忽略了“share her room in a flat”的意思，这句的意为：在一个套间中共用她的房间。而广告的第二句“the other room ready for use immediately ,quiet and convenient,fully furnished,park view.”明确表明：套间中有两间房，另一间房马上就可以用。这证明不是共用一间房，而是共用一套间，故选a。选c的同学主要是受“$45 p. w.”的影响，而忽略了“rent out a flat of her own”。（租出她自己的套间）二、多积累、运用综合知识知识是相互联系的，特别是现代考试，内容广泛灵活，多种知识互相覆盖，平时多积累综合知识，有利于阅读理解的提高。例如。a newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates (刺激) certain glands(腺) in the birds body and prepares it for migration . one scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by exposing them for two months to artificial(人造的) daylight . recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. the conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the birds body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.the birds fly north in midwinter because .a. they are specially trained by a scientist.b. they are affected by seasonal changes.c. a change in their body temperature.d. they are exposed to extra daylight.这是一道生物和地理知识相合的题目。很多同学选b，但答案为d。主要是受最后一句的影响：“结论表明迁移的欲望由鸟的身体变化决定，而这种变化是在日照长度变化的季节发生的。”这句话的意思是说鸟的迁移由日照的长短决定的，但同学理解不到，他们认为季节的变化决定了日照的长短，这种说法不够准确，只能说日照的长短与季节有关。实际上，我们打个比喻，在北极或南极日照时间有明显变化，但季节变化不明显（地理知识）。故知识面广就有助于正确理解文章。其实文章第二句便是答案，而最后一句更进一步证明这一点。三、长句的分析与理解长句多指复合句，即一个比较长的句子里面，既有宾语从句，又有定语从句，状语从句和分词短语等。如果读者对长句的理解不彻底或不准确，从句与从句之间的衔接脱钩，便导致对整个段落理解错误，而阅读理解设问的依据往往就在长句上。例如。gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl there was not enough gas to kill a mouse. less than five hours later the shopping area, in which 21 people died, lay in ruins from an explosion, the blast inquiry was told yesterday. her boss ,mr robertson,30, said that on the day of the explosion he rang the gas board for an inspector after he learned that the men who were digging the road outside were subcontractor.mr robertson telephoned the gas board because_.a.he could smell gas.b.he wanted an inspector to come to his shop and look for a gas leak.c.he felt that there would be an explosion.d.the men digging the road outside were not from the gas board.相当部分同学选择b,但不对，正确为d。选错的原因是对after 引导的状语从句理解不当，况且 “subcontractor”一词不懂，状语从句里又有宾语从句和定语从句。也受第一句的影响：gas board men looking for a leak told a shop girl - 。 (正在找漏气的煤气公司的人告诉女店员 - )。所以部分同学认为：打电话给煤气公司是一定找检查员来检查煤气漏气，其实不然。第二句是复合句，才是答案。理解为：mr robertson 得知在外面挖路的人不是煤气公司的人（而是次承包人）后才打电话给煤气公司并要求派员来检查这事。故选d。四、学会猜词在阅读时肯定会碰到未学到的词汇。如果这个词汇成为阅读的障碍那就麻烦了。所以要学会猜词。猜词时把选择项的四个词汇逐个代入原句的“猜词”中，看哪一个词最为合理，最合理的那个便是要猜的词。例如。a newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands in the birds body and prepares it for migration. this theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at the same time.the phrase “account for ” most probably means .a. indicate b. explain c. prove d. provide只要把a、b、c、d分别代入“account for”的位置便知道，a“表明”、b“解释”、c“证明”、d“提供”。只有b合理。全句意为：这种理论可以解释这种事实；并非所有的鸟都在同一时间里迁移。又如：if the person did well in his or her drivers education class, he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a drivers license.what does the un