高中英语写作 第10课时 五大基本句型教案.doc

第10课时 五大基本句型 辅导科目：英语 年 级：高 中 学科教师： 课 时 数： 1授课类型c写作之句式训练一星 级教学目的五大基本句型的应用教学重、难点1. 掌握句子的基本句型 2.运用句子的基本句型进行写作授课日期及时段教学内容c专题-高考句式训练一.同步讲解 如何掌握五种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，但英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下： 主语谓语(不及物动词)主语谓语(及物动词)宾语主语系动词表语 主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语 一、主语谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。(2013浙江卷书面表达)immediately，a crowd gathered around us.一群人马上围拢在我们的身旁。(2013江西卷书面表达)bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy. 沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。(2013湖南卷书面表达)we played happy at the foot of a hill.我们在山脚下玩得开心。牛刀小试：1. 这支笔书写流利。_.2. 他们等了几个小时就是为了看见他们最喜爱的明星。_to see their favorite stars.3. 他昨天早上起床很晚。_4. 那天晚上我们谈了很多。_5. 会议将持续两个小时。_6. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.( the may fourth movement)_7. 这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)_8. 五年前我住在北京。_9. 在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。_解析：the pen writes smoothly；they waited several hours； he got up very late yesterday morning. that evening we talked a great deal. the meeting will last two hours. the may fourth movement broke out in beijing in 1919.this box weighs five kilos. 6. i lived in beijing five years ago.7. great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语该句型特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。(2013江西卷书面表达)in order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise， on april 10.为鼓励学生参加户外活动，我们学校四月十日举行爬山活动。(2013陕西卷书面表达)then i wiped the dust off all the furniture. 然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘。(2013广东卷读写任务)on the other hand, a lot of factories cant employ enough workers.另一方面，很多工厂却雇佣不到足够的工人。名师指津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。 some of the students are always longing for holidays.1. 常要求接不定式作宾语的动词有attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。2. 常要求接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, know, learn, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。3. 常要求接动名词作宾语的动词有admit, advise, avoid, ban, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, look forward to等。4. 接不定式与接动名词意义差别很大的动词有forget, remember, regret, try, mean, stop, go on等。牛刀小试：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语”句型翻译下列句子。1. 她微笑着表示感谢。_.2. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。_.3. 他承认犯了错误。_.4. 昨晚我写了一封信。_5. 我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently_6. 你介意我开窗户吗？_7. 你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。_8. 他指出我的作文中的错误。point out, composition_9. 我们必须派人去请医生。_10. 你在工作中可以依靠他。_11. 写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。go over_keys: 1. she expressed her thanks with a smile. 2. he refused to help them. 3. he admitted making a mistake. /that he had made a mistake. 4. i wrote a letter last night. 5.my father can speak english fluently.6.do you mind my opening the window.7.you must finish reading these books in two weeks.8.he pointed out the mistakes in my composition.9.we must send for a doctor.10.you can depend on him in your work.11.after writing a composition, we must go over it.有些学生总是渴望着放假。三、主语系动词表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。(2013福建卷书面表达)such a situation is of great concern.这样的情况引起了极大的关注。(2013湖南卷满分作文)as a matter of fact，failure isnt so terrible.实际上，失败并非那么可怕。in other words，wearethe_master_of_our_own_future. 主语系动词表语换句话说，我们是自己未来的掌控者。作表语的有名词、形容词、介词短语等。如：he is a boy. 他是一个男孩。(名词)the book is hers. 这本书是她的。(名词性物主代词)john is in good health. 他身体健康。(介词短语)we were excited at the good news. 听到这个消息我们很兴奋。(过去分词)the book is boring. 这本书很泛味。(现在分词)her dream is to become a teacher. 她的梦想是做教师。(不定式)my hobby is collecting coins. 我的爱好是收集硬币。(动名词)the reason for my failure was that i hadnt put my heart into my study. 我失败的原因在于我没有全心全意学习。(表语从句)名师指津除了be动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：(1)表感官的动词：feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear等。(2013陕西卷书面表达)tired as i was，i never felt so happy.尽管我非常累，我从来没有这么高兴过。(2)表转变、变化的动词：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(3)表延续的动词：remain，keep，hold，stay，rest等。(4)表瞬间的动词：come，fall等。the problem remains to be settled.这个问题有待解决。 牛刀小试：请用“主语+系动词+表语”1. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。_. 2. 电梯坏了。the lift _. 3.未来几天天气将持续寒冷。_.4. 那就是他居住的地方。(表语从句)_.5. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery_6. 他失业了。_7. 树叶已经变黄了。_8. 这个报告听起来很有意思。_9. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。_10. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist_keys: this machine is in good condition; silk feels soft and smooth; is out of order/ has gone wrong; it will stay/remain cold (for) several days; that is where he lives. her job is to look after the children in the nursery.he is out of work. the leaves have turned yellow. the report sounds interesting. mrs. brown looks very healthy.at the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。(2013广东卷满分作文)we should give them enough respect.我们应该给予他们足够的尊重。(2013福建卷满分作文)at the same time，parents are giving their children too much protection.同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调, 这时, 间接宾语前应加上介词to, for或of。1. 主+及物动词+物(直宾)+to+人(间宾)。如：he offered a job to her. 他向她提供了一份工作。i owe my success to you. 我的成功要归功于您。间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand等。2. 主+及物动词+ 物(直宾)+for+人(间宾)。如：he ordered some food for the two of them. 他为他们俩点了一些食物。mother made a nice dress for the little girl. 妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子。间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy， choose, get, make, order, sing, do, play, save等。3. 主+及物动词+人(间宾)+of+物(直宾)。如：they robbed the old man of his money. 他们抢了老人的钱。hes warned me of the danger. 他警告我注意危险。直接宾语前加介词 of 的动词有：cure, convince (使信服), deprive (剥夺), inform, rob, rid (摆脱, 赶走, 清除), warn。牛刀小试：请用“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”的句型翻译下列句子。1. 我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。_.2. 太阳给了我们光和热。_.3请在本周末把所借的书都还给图书。_.4. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_5. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary_6. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。_7. 我替你叫辆出租车好吗？_8. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。_9. 他把车票给列车员看。conductor_keys: 1. i want to choose a suitable present for him. 2. the sun gives us light and warmth. 3. please return all the books to the library by this weekend. 4. grandma told me an interesting story last night.5. would you please pass me the dictionary.6. my father has bought me a new bike.7. shall i call you a taxi?8. this term i have written three letters to my parents.9. he showed the ticket to the conductor.五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。,必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、副词(仅限少数几个)、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义上有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。如：we elected li yang our monitor. 我们选李阳做我们的班长。(li yang is our monitor)the news made us sad. 这新闻使我伤心。(we were sad)宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。(2013安徽卷书面表达)i will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.我会一直牢记交通规则。(2013四川卷满分作文)obviously，a good learning habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。(2012山东写作)as a high school student，i consider english a very important subject.作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。根据宾补的不同可分为以下几种情况：1. 主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如：president appointed john manager of marketing. 总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。常用于此句型的动词有：call, name, make, elect, appoint, nominate (提名), crown, think, consider, leave等。2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词。如：the news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。常用于此句型的动词有：make, paint, dye, get (ready), cut (short), set (free), keep, drive (mad), find, want, hold (responsible), wish, like, see, imagine, turn, beat (black and blue), boil (hard), suppose, prove, think, believe, consider, leave等。3. 主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如：i found myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。4. 主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如：he encouraged her to work harder. 他鼓励她努力工作。要求用to do作宾补的动词有: advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, order, permit, persuade, request, tell, want, warn, wish等。要求用do作宾补的动词有: 使役动词let, make, have等; 感官动词observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, see, watch等。如：he always has others wait for him. 他总是要别人等他。若变为被动语态, 其后的宾语补足语就成为主语补足语了, 此时作主语补足语的不定式要带to。如：the boss made him work overtime.(主动语态)he was made to work overtime.(被动语态)老板叫他加班。5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+分词。如：dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. 洗手之后不要听任水哗哗白流。i heard my name called. 我听到有人叫我的名字。现在分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系; 过去分词为宾语补足语时, 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。常用于此句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, set, smell, watch等。6. 主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。如： i found it very pleasant to be with your family. 我觉得与你家人相处令人愉快。 she thinks it no point practicing so much. 她认为练习这么多没有意义。 he believed it unlikely that she would agree. 他相信她不可能同意。 当作宾语的不定式、动名词、宾语从句跟一个补足语时, 要用形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，将真正的宾语放到后面。 用doing作真正的宾语时, 其补足语通常是useless, senseless, no use, good, sense, point等, 表示“无益或没有意义”。 能用于该句型的谓语动词有consider, believe, feel, find, make, think, suppose等。牛刀小试：请用“主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补”句型翻译下列句子。1. 那噪音快要使我发疯了。_2. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。_3. 他请我们参加做游戏。_4. 学校定了一条规则, 开始上课时学生要起立。(make) _5. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。_6.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider_7. 我们把小偷释放了。setfree_8. 他叫我们参加做游戏。_9. 我要你把真相告诉我。_10. 每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。_11. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。makefrightened_12. 他每个月理一次发。_13. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。_keys: 1. the noise is driving me crazy. 2. we must make our school more beautiful. 3. he asked us to join in the game. 4. the schools made it a rule that students should stand up at the beginning of the class. 5. i believe it no use talking with that man. 6. all of us consider him honest. 7. the have set the thief free.8. he asked us to join in the game. 9. i want you to tell me the truth.10. every morning we hear him read english aloud.11. the terrible sound made the children frightened.12. he has his hair cut once a month.13. we will make our school more beautiful. 基本句型归纳与综合运用句 型例 句 主+系动词+表语he is tall. 主语+不及物动词you study hard. 主语+及物动词+宾语tom loves sports. 主语+及物动词+间宾直宾he gave me a gift. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补it made me happy. 批注：陈述句的五个基本句型是写作的基础,掌握了这五个基本句型,就具有初步的写作能力了。从近几年的高考阅卷情况看,只要能用简单句表述规定的内容要点,就可以拿到及格分数,能拿到及格分数,就意味着大大超过全省作文平均分了。试题试卷分值平均分难度及格率优秀率听力 3023.60.7981.2%47%语法词汇 156.470.4318.5%3%完形填空 309.540.4322.5%0.40%阅读理解 4016.950.4217%8.1%任务型读写 105.370.3626.3%6.8%写作 2515.570.5247%6.4% .句型识别：判断下列简单句的类型：a. 主+系+表b. 主+谓c. 主+谓+宾d. 主+谓+双宾 e. 主+谓+宾+宾补( ) 1. work starts at ten. ( ) 2. their english books are here. ( ) 3. mr. smith teaches my brother english. ( ) 4. we use electricity very often. ( ) 5. the trains are on the way. ( ) 6. he showed all the engineers the difference between the two engines. ( ) 7. we consider mr. smith an english teacher. ( ) 8. in the afternoon we review our lessons. ( ) 9. in our everyday life we see things moving about on the ground or in the air.( ) 10. people allow all kinds of waste products to flow into the sea. keys: badcadecee.高考单句翻译1(2013天津卷书面表达)我真诚地希望你给我一次机会，我确信我会成为一个好主席。(主语谓语直接宾语间接宾语)i_sincerely_hope_you_can_give_me_a_chance_and_im_sur