高中英语语法复习 第十七讲 名词讲练.doc

十七 名词语法精讲 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 通常状况下： 泛指： a/an + 单数可数名词 或 零冠词 + 可数名词复数或不可数名词 特指： the + 可数名词或不可数名词 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 1）名词作定语与所有格，形容词作定语的区别：比较： heart trouble 心脏病 hearty welcome 热忱的欢迎 rain drops 雨滴 rainy season 雨季 mountain village 山村 mountainous region 山区. 名词作定语表示所修饰词的质地，身份，属性或功能。如a gold ring a shoe maker a man doctor a flower vase 在这种情况下，名词多用做单数。 但有些情况例外。 goods train sports meet two men doctors . 所有格一般表示： 所有关系 mr. browns suitcase 主谓关系 dr smiths answer 动宾关系 the boys punishment 事物的来源 peters letter 事物的类别 womens magazines 其他意义 a winters day (a day in winter)2) 名词的格 1. 名词所有格s常用于表示有生命东西的名词 this is my son-in-laws bike. 这是我女婿的自行车。 如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加 s 。 we visited xiao li and xiao zhangs room. 我们参观了小李和小张的房间。 但s所有格也用于下列几类名词。 表示时间的名词。todays peoples daily a moments hesitation a good nights sleep 表示由人组成的集体的名词。the delegations successful visits the nations youngsters 表示国家，城市等地方的名词the earths surface pekings finest parks 名词所有格所修饰的词, 有时可以省略。如前文已经提到, 或者指地点。 the book is not mine, but li huas. 这本书不是我的，是李华的。 i had my hair cut in the barbers. 我在理发店理发了。 2. 表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。 its a map of china. 它是一幅中国画。 beijing is the capital of china.北京是中国的首都。 3. 双重属格。a bone of the dogs 一根狗吃的骨头 a bone of the dog 一根狗骨头a portrait of mr. browns 一张由布朗先生画的或收藏的肖像a portrait of mr. brown 一张布朗先生的肖像 3) 物质名词和抽象名词具体化。一般地说，物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，如information, courage, milk, butter等。但是某些这类名词，有时却以可数名词形式出现，来表示比较具体的东西或者类别。 mineral oils are much used in industry. 矿物油在工业上很有用。lung-ching is a well-known tea 龙井是种好茶we have achieved great successes in agricultural production too.they carried on the work in spit of the difficulties.after many failures, they finally succeeded.比较：a pleasant surprise 与 in surprise with pleasure与it is a pleasure4）几个的单复数形式比较特殊几个单词：thief, wife, life, leaf, shelf, loaf, wolf, half变f 或fe为v加es而cliff, roof, proof, belief, chief则不变handkerchief, scarf可变可不变 tomato, potato, hero, 加es. 而词末为两个元音的词如bamboo, radio, zoo和一些外来词如 photo, piano, kilo, tobacco 则直接加s 个别名词单复数形式是一样的。chinese, japanese, aircraft , sheep, deer, means等 有些名词常以复数形式出现。scissors, trousers, pants, glasses(眼镜), belongings, surroundings, earnings, feelings, sufferings, arms(武装部队), remains（剩余物）, ashes, forces, clothes语法精练： 1. he gained his _ by printing _ of a famous writer.a. wealth; work b. wealths; works c. wealths; work d. wealth; works2. you will find this map of great _.a. price b. cost c. value d. usefulness3. ill look into the matter as soon as possible. just have a little_.a. wait b. time c. patience d. rest4. heres my card. lets keep in _.a. touch b. relation c. connection d. friendship5. everybody believes he will be the winner of the 100-metre _.a. match b. competition c. contest d. race6. the manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.a. idea b. sense c. thought d. thinking 7. the collapse of the world trade centre has put us economy in a difficult _.a. occasion b. case c. situation d. background8. more and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _ of goods.a. variety b. mixture c. extension d. combination9. you can take as many as you like because they are free of _.a. fare