高中英语疑难探究 I dont know也是一种插入语素材.doc

i dont know也是一种插入语“i dont know也是一种插入语”，这个命题对不对？“特殊疑问句”，是说话人想从对方那里得到答案（这个答案不是yes和no，而是具体的内容）。特殊疑问句中，最典型的放在特殊疑问词之后的插入语，就是do you think。例如：what do you think will happen next? 你认为接下来会发生什么？who do you think will win the first prize? 你认为谁会获得一等奖?how do you think the war broke out? 你认为那场战争是怎样爆发的?when do you think china will host the world cup? 你认为中国何时会举办世界杯?where do you think we can get this machine? 你看我们在哪儿能搞到这种机器?why do you think most of children like cartoon? 你认为为什么孩子们喜欢卡通?which do you think is the best way to spend the money? 你们觉得花这笔钱最好的方法是什么？之所以认定do you think为插入语，是因为do you think并没有改变特殊疑问句的意义，只是改变了句子原有的结构（实际上，当特殊疑问词作主语时，加了do you think也没有改变句子语序，例如：what do you think will happen next? 去掉do you think，语序不变：what will happen next?）。如果以上所有句子都去掉do you think，那么意思没有变化。do you think只为强调说话人征求对方的看法而已。除此之外，i dont know也可以跟特殊疑问句连用，相当于一个插入成分。跟do you think不同的是，特殊疑问句是它的宾语从句。例如：a. what will happen next?b. i dont know what will happen next.这两句在意思上没有什么差别：都是表达了“我不知道未来会发生什么”。只不过句子形式不同，句a是特殊疑问句，句b是陈述句。我们再看下面一组句子：第一组：（含特殊疑问词what）1. what will become of us if the war breaks out? 如果战争爆发我们会怎样?2. i dont know what will become of us if the war breaks out.3. if the war breaks out, i dont know what will become of us.1. what will you do if you win a lot of money? 如果你赢了许多钱，你将做些什么呢?2. i dont know what you will do if you win a lot of money.3. if you win a lot of money, i dont know what you will do.第二组：（含特殊疑问词who）1. if the duke has no children, who will succeed? 如果公爵没有孩子,谁继承他的爵位?2. i dont know who will succeed if the duke has no children.3. if the duke has no children, i dont know who will succeed.1. who will care for him if his wife dies? 假若他妻子死了，谁照顾他?2. i dont know who will care for him if his wife dies.3. if his wife dies, i dont know who will care for him.第三组：（含特殊疑问词when）1. if we offer you the job, when will you be free to join us? 如果我们给你这个工作，你什么时候可以到我们这儿来。2. i dont know when you will be free to join us if we offer you the job.3. if we offer you the job, i dont know when you will be free to join us.1. when will you start to work if you are employed? 如果你被录用,你什么时候可以上班?2. i dont know when you will start to work if you are employed?3. if you are employed, i dont know when you will start to work.第四组：（含特殊疑问词where）1. if i believe this thought, where will it lead me? 如果我相信这个想法，它将把我带往何处?2. i dont know where it will lead me if i believe this thought.3. if i believe this thought, i dont know where it will lead me.1. if she has the chance to travel around the world, where will she go? 如果她有机会环游世界，她会去哪里？2. i dont know where she will go if she has the chance to travel around the world.3. if she has the chance to travel around the world, i dont know where she will go.第五组：（含特殊疑问词how）1. how will you spend the money if you make a fortune? 如果你赚了一笔钱，你怎么花呢?2. i dont know how you will spend the money if you make a fortune.3. if you make a fortune, i dont know how you will spend the money.1. how will he survive if he cant beg? 如果他不能乞讨，他将如何生存?2. i dont know how he will survive if he cant beg.3. if he cant beg, i dont know how he will survive.【分析探究】以上5组句子，分别含有特殊疑问词what, who, when, where, how，这5个词在每组里面又分别列举两个。综合特点分析如下：1. 句1，是一个含有if条件句的复合句，主句是特殊疑问句形式。2. 句2，是在这个复合句之前加了i dont know。这样，复合句变成了i dont know的宾语从句。3. 句3，如果说句2中的i dont know还不算真正的插入语的话，那么，句3中的i dont know放在了if从句之后、主句之前，就变成了地地地道的插入成分。再从if 从句和主句的意思关联看，i dont know并非是if从句的主句，它与if 从句的内容毫不相干。如：if his wife dies, i dont know who will care for him. 这个句子中，条件句if his wife dies跟主句who will care for him的意思有关，跟i dont know无关。也就是说，if his wife dies是who will care for him的条件状语，不是i dont know的条件。这再次证明了i dont know是插入成分。【题外话】“i dont know也是一种插入语”，作者不惜篇幅去论证这个问题，旨在为了帮助网友正确理解一道试题，同时排除该题是“错综时间虚拟条件句”这个说法。下面，是网上流传的一道英语试题：thank you very much indeed. if it had not been for your advice i really _ what i should have done.a.do not know b.have not known c.had not known d. would not have known.（答案：选a）该题目的命题者，是出于猎奇的心理，或者说有点挖空心思。为了制造麻烦，选取了一个与虚拟句无关的插入语i dont know 为选择题。追根求源，这个句子来自牛津英语用法指南(261条，p 340 )，是if用法条目下if it had not been for的一个例句，thank you very much indeed.这句话原来没有，是命题人加上去的。因为这个句子的出处没有问题，而且颇具权威性，所以，有人拿来作为命题的题干，目的是给学生增加迷惑度。原句是：if it hadnt been for your help, i dont know what id have done. 要不是你的帮助，真不知道我当时会怎么办。这句话如果把插入语i dont know放在句首，则很容易理解：i dont know what i would have done if it hadnt been for your help.或者直接删去不用，句子意思仍然保持不变：what would i have done if it hadnt been for your help?无独有偶，柯林斯高级英语词典上也有这样一句：if we had been spotted at that point, i dont know what would have happened to us. 如果当时我们被发现了，我不知道会有什么后果。这句话如果把插入语i dont know放在句首，则很容易理解：i dont know what would have happened to us if we had been spotted at that point.或者直接删去不用，句子意思仍然保持不变：what would have happened to us if we had been spotted at that point?无