高中英语搭配词典N素材.doc

2015年高中英语搭配词典nnname1. by name (1) 名叫。如：i met a man, john by name. 我见到一个名叫约翰的人。比较：do you know a man by the name of john? 你知道有个名叫约真的人吗? (2) 凭名字，用名字。如：i know him only by name. 我只听人说起过他的名字。we all call him by name. 我们都叫他名字。2. in name 名义上，有名无实。如：he is a specialist in name but not in reality. 他名义上是专家，但实际上不是。he was a professor in name only, and did no work at the university. 他只是个挂名教授，不在大学里工作。3. name after for 以的名字命名。如：the boy is named after for his grandfather. 这男孩是以其祖父的名字取名的。4. name sb sb (1) 给某人取名为某名。如：we named our son george. 我们给儿子取名为乔治。(2) 任命某人为某职。如：the president named him secretary of state. 总统任命他为国务卿。nature1. by nature 生性地，天生地。如：she is generous by nature. 他生性慷慨。he is a careful man by nature. 他是个天生小心的人。2. in nature (1) 本质上，事实上。如：his problem was personal in nature. 他的问题本质上属个人问题。(2) 究竟，到底。如：what in nature do you want? 你到底想要什么? near1. come near to (doing) sth 几乎做某事，差不多做某事。如：dark brown comes near to black. 深褐色近乎黑色。he came near to killing her. 他差点儿杀了她。she came near to tears. / she came near to crying. 她差点哭了。注：有时该结构中的介词 to 可以省略。如：i came near forgetting my raincoat. 我差点把雨衣给忘了。2. near at hand 即将到来，在近旁。如：the examinations are near at hand. 考试即将要到了。i always keep a dictionary near at hand. 我总是将词典放在随手可拿到的地方。3. near by 在附近。如：is there a hospital near by? 这附近有医院吗? does the man live near by? 这个人住在附近吗? nearly1. not nearly 远非，远不及，根本没有。如：there isnt nearly enough time to learn all these words. 要把这些生词都学会，时间远远不够。its not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。2. pretty very nearly 几乎，差不多。如：the car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。necessary1. be necessary to for sb (sth) 对某人(某物)有必要。如：sleep is necessary to for health. 睡眠对健康是必要的。food is necessary for to life. 食物对生命是必要的。2. if necessary 如果有必要的话。如：this discussion can, if necessary, be continued tomorrow. 如有必要，这个讨论明天可以继续进行。3. it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人做某事是有必要的。如：its necessary for us to buy a computer. 我们买台电脑是有必要的。注：该句型可与后接从句的句型互换(从句通用虚拟语气)。如：its necessary that we (should) buy a computer. need1. neednt do sth 不必做某事。如：he neednt come to the meeting. 他不必来开会了。you neednt tell him; he has known it. 你不必告诉他了，他已经知道了。2. neednt have done 本来不必做某事。如：you neednt have left so early. 他本来不必那么早离开的。we neednt have told him about it. 我们本来不必把此事告诉他的。比较：didnt need to do 与 neednt have done: 前者表示因为没有做某事的必要，所以没有去做；后者表示某事已经做了，但后来觉得没必要去做，含有责备或遗憾之味。如：i didnt need to get up early this morning, so i stayedin bed until 9 a. m. 今天早上我不必早起， 所以我一直睡到上午9点钟才起床。i got up early, but i neednt have done so, because i hadno work to do that morning. 我起床起得很早，但我本来不必起那么早的，因为我那天早上没什么事做。3. need doing sth 需要做某事。如：the room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。your hair needs cutting. 你的头发该理了。the old man needs looking after. 这位老人需要人照顾。注：这里的 need 表示“需要”，这类结构的主语其实就是其后动名词的逻辑宾语，但值得注意的是，该动名词虽含有被动意味但却不用被动形式，但若改为不定式，而要用被动式，如以上三句也可说成：the room needs to be cleaned. your hair needs to be cut. the old man needs to be looked after. 4. if need be 如果需要的话。如：i can show him how to do it, if need be. 如有必要我可以给他示范如何做。if need be, i can do extra work at the weekend. 必要时我可以在周末加班。注：该结构中的 be 不可改为 is, are 等。5. in need of 需要。如：are they in need of money (help)? 他们需要钱(帮助)吗? they are in great need of english teachers. 他们急需英语教师。6. have (no) need of 需要(不需要)。如：i have need of a friend. 我需要有个朋友。we have need of knowledge. 我们需要知识。we have no need of money (doctors). 我们不需要钱(医生)。注：有时也用介词 have (no) need for, 但不常见。7. theres a (no) need for 需要(不需要)。如：there is no need for help. 不需要帮助。there is a great need for a new book on the subject. 非常需要有一本这方面的新书。there is a growing need for new housing in this area. 这一地区对新房的需求在不断增长。注：有时也用介词 theres a (no) need of, 但不常见。8. the need to do sth 做某事的必要。如：we have no need to be afraid of them. 我们没必要他们。i feel a need to talk to you about it. 我觉得有必要和你谈谈那件事。注：有时也用 the need of doing sth 的形式。如：theres no need of hurrying to hurry. 没必要匆匆忙忙。neither1. neithernor 既不也不。如：its neither too cold nor too hot. 天气既不太冷也不太热。mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。neither boys nor girls are interested in it. 男孩子和女孩子对此都不感兴趣。注：若连接两个句子，要用倒装。如：neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。2. neither of 两者都不。如：neither of my parents knows english. 我父母都不懂英语。i met neither of them in the park. 我在公园他们俩人都没见到。注：neither of 后接名词时，名词前必须要有限定词。如：这两部电影都没有趣。正：neither of the films is interesting. 误：neither of films is interesting. nervous1. be nervous about of 对感到紧张或害怕。如：were nervous about of our first trip abroad. 我们对初次出国旅行感到很紧张。hes nervous about of staying alone at night. 他害怕晚上一个人呆着。next1. (the) next time 下一次。如：ill tell him about it (the) next time i see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。come to see us next time you are in town. 下次进城来，到我们这里来玩。2. next to(1) 紧挨着。如：he sat next to a pretty girl. 他坐在一个漂亮姑娘旁边。the man next to bill was talking to him in french. 比尔旁边的那个人正在用法语同他交谈。(2) 仅次于，除之外。如：it is the largest city next to london. 它是仅次于伦敦的最大城市。next to riding, i like swimming best. 除了骑马外， 我最喜欢游泳(或：我喜欢游泳的程度仅次于骑马)。(3) 几乎，简直。如：its next to impossible to drive in this traffic. 在交通这样拥挤的情况下几乎无法驾车行驶。a：how much do these things cost? 这些东西花了多少钱? b：next to nothing. 向乎没花钱。nice1. be nice to sb 对某人友好。如：try to be nice to your parents. 要设法对父母友好。he is nice to his students. 他对学生很友好。2. it is nice of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是很好。如：it is very nice of you to say that. 你这样说真是太好了。it was very nice him to drive us to the station. 他开车送我们去车站真是太好了。注：该句型也可换成 sb is nice to do sth。如：its very nice of you to come and see me. / you are very nice to come and see me. 你来看我，实在太好了。3. it is nice to do sth 做某事很好。如：its nice to go with them. 同他们一起去很好。its really nice to see you again. 又见到你真是太好了。4. nice and 很，非常。如：its nice and warm by the fire. 火炉边很暖和。our classroom is nice and large. 我们的教室很宽大。night1. all night (long) 整夜，通宵。如：heat was provided all night long. 暖气通宵供应。the nurse sat by the patient all night (long). 护士整夜守在病人身旁。2. at night 在晚上。如：these animals only come out at night. 这些动物只在晚上才出来。people get higher pay for work done at night. 加夜班工资较高。its too hot in the day and too cold at night. 白天太热晚上太冷。注：at nights 意为“夜间经常地”。如：i cant sleep at nights. 我晚上经常睡不着。3. by night 晚上，夜间。如：i dont like travelling by night. 我不喜欢夜间旅行。what is done by night appears by day. 若要人不知， 除非己莫为。these small animals sleep by day and hunt by night. 这些小动物昼伏夜出猎食。比较 at night 与 by night：两者均泛指“夜晚”， 其中不用冠词，有时可互换。如：cats can see well at by night. 猫在晚上能看得很清楚。)the enemy often attack at by night. 敌人经常在夜间进攻(偷袭)。但两者比较而言：at night 多与 in the day 对比使用；而 by night 则多与 by day 对比使用；另外，by night有时还有“趁着黑夜”之意。如：he escaped by night. 他趁着黑夜逃走了。4. in the night 在夜间，半夜里。如：i woke up twice in the night. (那天)晚上我醒过两次。there was a thunderstorm in the night. (那天)夜里下了场暴风雨。it was cold in the night and he slept heavily. (那天)夜里很泠，他睡得很沉。注：该短语通常用来指特定的某个晚上，常暗示有“那天晚上”之意，主要用来说明一时的动作。偶尔也可泛指一般的夜晚，用以修饰一个习惯性动作，但此时多以 in the nights 代之。如：do you have to get up in the night(s)? 你夜晚起来吗? 5. night and day 日夜，日日夜夜。如：the earth moves night and day. 地球昼夜不停地转。it rained all day and all night. 雨整日整夜地下。注：night and day 也可说成 day and night。noise1. make (a) noise 吵闹。如：stop making so much noise. 不要这样吵闹。the children made a lot of noise in the classroom. 孩子们在教室里大声吵闹。try not to make a noise when you go upstairs; the baby is asleep. 上楼时不要发出声音，孩子在睡觉。2. make (a) noise about sth 抱怨某事。如：dont make a noise about trifles. 不要为小事抱怨。he made a lot of noise about the food. 他大大地抱怨食物不好。none1. have none of sth (1) 没有一点。如：he has none of his fathers talent. 他一点没有他父亲那样的才气。(2) 不参与，不接受，不同意。如：he was offered a job but he said he would have none of it. 他被人提供一份工作，但他说他不会接受。father said he would have none of my arguing. 父亲说他不准我争辩。ill have none of your stupid ideas!我才不会同意(接受)你那愚蠢的想法呢! 2. none but 仅仅，只有。如：none but the best is good enough for her. 只有最好的才配得上她。3. none of(1) 没有一个(一点)。如；none of the food was left. 没剩一点食物。he likes none of these books. 这些书他一本也不喜欢。luckily, none of them was were killed in the accident. 幸亏在那次事故中他们中没有一个人丧命。注：none of 后接名词时，名词前须有限定词。如：误：none of children came. 正：none of the children came. 孩子们一个也没有来。(2) 不许，不准，不得(用于祈使句)。如：none of that! 不许那样!none of your interruption. 不要插嘴。4. none other (than) 正是，就是。如：its none other than my old friend bill. 那原来是我的老朋友比尔。a：can it really be bill? 那真是比尔吗? b；none than. 不是他，还有谁? 5. none the 毫不，决不(后接比较级)。如：my car is none the worse for the accident. 我的车并不因为出了这次事故而有所损坏。6. none too so 不很，毫不(后接形容词或副词)。如：hes none so fond of her. 他并不十分喜欢她。the salary they pay me is none too high. 他们付给我的薪水一点也不高。noon1. at noon 在中午，在正午。如：the workers had lunch at noon. 工人们中午12点吃午饭。he left here at noon. 他中午12点离开了这里。2. before noon 午前。如：snow fell before noon. 午前降了雪。he rarely gets up before noon. 他很少在午前起床。normal1. above below normal 在标准以上(以下)。如：her temperature is above (below) normal. 她的体温高于(低于)正常标准。rainfall has been above (below) normal this july. 今年七月份的雨量高于(低于)正常标准。2. its normal for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是正常的。如：its normal for us not to want to work on sunday. 我们星期日不想工作是正常的。its normal for her to stay indoors in such cold weather. 在那样寒冷的天气里她呆在家里，这是很正常的。3. return be back to normal 恢复正常。如：things will soon return to normal. 情况即将恢复正常。train services are back to normal again after the strike. 罢工后火车营运又恢复正常。note1. a note to on sth 对的注释。如：heres a note to on this word. 这是该词的一条注释。now lets look at the notes to on the text. 现在我们来看看课文注释。2. make a note of sth 记下某事。如：make a note of how much money you spend. 你花多少钱要作个记录。i made a note of her address and phone number. 我记下了她的地址和电话号码。注：有时也说 take a note of sth, 但不如本句型常见。3. take notes of 记下，对作好笔记。如：do you take notes of the lecture? 你听课记笔记吗? he sat taking notes of everything that was said. 他坐在那里把所说的事都记录了下来。注：有时也说 make notes of sth, 但不如用本句型常见。4. take note of 注意。如：please take note of what i say. 请注意我说的话。nobody took any note of the death of the old man. 没有谁注意到这位老人死了。nothing1. be nothing to(1) 对来说无所谓。如：all this is nothing to me. 我对这一切都无所谓。a: what is she to you? 她在你心目中如何? b：she is nothing to me. 我对他无所谓。(2) 不能与相比。如：our losses are nothing to his. 我们的损失不能与他的损失相比。2. for nothing (1) 不要钱，免费。如：children under five can travel for nothing. 五岁以下的小孩可以免付旅费。(2) 徒然，没有结果。如：all my trouble went for nothing. 我白白辛苦了一场。注：口语中说 thank you for nothing. 意为“不用你操心”，主要用于表示拒绝或轻蔑。3. nothing but 仅仅，只。如：he dreams of nothing but going home. 他只想回家。there is nothing but some waste paper in the desk. 课桌里只有些废纸。4. nothing like (1) 没有比更好。如：theres nothing like a cup of tea when you are thirsty. 你口渴时，没有比喝上一杯茶更好的了。(2) 远远不像，丝毫不像。如 ：it looks nothing like a horse. 这完全看不出像马。its nothing like it was yesterday. 这远远不像昨天那样。5. (have) nothing to do with 与无关(联系)。如：what he says is has nothing to do with me. 他说的与我与关。the book has nothing to do with our lessons. 这本书我们的功课无关。6. to say nothing of 除了，更不用说。如：its a well-paid job, to say nothing of the short hours. 这工作除了工作时间短不说外，而且报酬也高。notice1. notice sb (sth) do (doing) sth 注意某人(某事)做某事。如：did you notice her leave leaving the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗? she noticed the man look looking at her a couple of times. 她注意到那个男人朝她看了好几次。注：以上各句中若用不定式，不带 to, 但若不定式为完成式，通常应带 to。如：i noticed her to have come early. 我注意到她来得很早。2. at short notice 在短时间内，接到通知的短时间内。如：can you be ready at short notice? 你能在短时间内准备好吗? he had to leave at short leave. 他接到通知后得马上离开。类似地：they are ready to go at a moments notice. 他们已作好准备，说走就走。he left at only ten days notice. 他仅提前10天通知离去。3. take notice of sth (sb) 注意某事(某人)。如：i warned him, but he took no notice of it. 我警告过他，但不听。such things will always be taken notice of. 那样的事总是很引人注目。4. un