高考英语 语法知识汇总 第05章 连词与感叹词 (2).doc

第五章 连词与感叹词第一节 真题精析1.it is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. 【nmet05北京春考】a.beforeb. sincec.afterd. when2.lose one hour in the morningyou will be looking for it the rest of theday. 【nmet05北京春考】a.but b. andc. ord. so3.simon thought his computer was broken _ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on. 【nmet05北京春考】a.untilb. unlessc.afterd. because4. i hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy those shoes?【nmet2004全国】a. so b. and c. yet d. but5. i do every single bit of housework _ my husband bob just does the dishes now and then. 【nmet2004全国】a. since b. while c. when d. as6. paul had to write a history paper _he couldnt find time to do it.【nmet2004全国】a.but b. so c. because d. if7. i accept that he is not perfect, i do actually like the person. 【04江苏】 a. while b. since c. before d. unless8. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. 【04浙江卷】 a. while b. since c. as d. if9scientists say it may be five or six years it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. 【04福建卷】asince baftercbeforedwhen10there are many kinds of sports, my favorite is swimming. 【04辽宁卷】aas bthen cso dbut11we were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station. 【04辽宁卷】awhenever buntil cwhile dwherever12. stand over there youll be able to see it better. 【04天津卷】a. or b. while c. but d. and13. it was evening we reached the little town of winchester. 【04天津卷】a. that b. until c. since d. before14. you can eat food free in my restaurant _you like. 【04重庆卷】a. whenever b. wherever c. whatever d. however15. - i think george doesnt really care for tv plays. right, _he still watches the program. 【04重庆卷】a. and b. but c. or d. so16. jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. 【04上海卷】a. when b. while c. since d. once17. parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. 【04上海卷】a. because b. through c. unless d. if18. were going to the bookstore in johns car. you can come with us you can meet us there later. 【nmet2003】abutbandcordthen19how far apart do they live ? 【2003上海】 i know , they live in the same neighbourhood . aas long as bas far as cas well as das often as20a good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story . 【2003上海】awhen bunless cafter duntil21.he made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _it got worse. 【2003北京】a. untilb. whenc. befored. as22._i know the money is safe , i shall not worry about it. 【2003北京】 a. even thoughb. unless c. as long as d. while23.he was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder. 【2002上海】aas b. until c. while d. when24. -would you like to come to dinner party here on sunday?-thank you. id love to, _ ill be out of town at the weekend. 【2002北京】 a. because b. and c. so d. but25. the wto cannot live up to its name _it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. 【nmet2000】 aas long as bwhile cif deven though26. im going to the post office. _youre there, can you get me some stamps? 【nmet1999】a. as b. while c. because d. if 27. _youve got a chance. you might as well make full use of it. 【nmet1999】a. now that b. after c. although d. as soon as28. she thought i was talking about her daughter,in fact, i was talking about my daughter. a. whom b. where c. which d. while【nmet1995】29. would you like a cup of coffeeshall we get down to business right away? 【nmet1995】 a. and b. then c. or d. otherwise 30. mother was worried because little alice was ill ,especially _ father was away in france. 【met1994】 a. asb. that c. during d. if【答案与解析】1. b该题考查连词的用法。“it is +时间+since”意为“自多少时间了”是固定句型。句意：自从上次我们见面已有五年了。2. b该题是根据交际情景考查连词的用法。此处是“祈使句+and+句子”句型。句意：早晨失去一小时，你一天都找不回。3. a该题是根据交际情景考查连词的用法。据题意：西蒙认为他的计算机坏了，一直到他弟弟指出他忘了开机。得知选until意为：到为止。4. d该题考查连词的用法。but是口语常用词，用来引出另一话题或微弱的相反的意见。句意：我希望你不介意我问你问题，你从哪买的那些鞋？5. b 该题考查连词的用法。据题意，此处是表示转折，对照，故选b. while。句意：我那点家务都要做而我丈夫bob只是偶尔洗洗盘子。6. a 该题考查连词的用法。had to write与couldnt find time to do是转折关系。故选a.but。句意：保罗不得不写历史论文，但是他抽不出时间写。7a 该题考查连词的用法。根据逻辑关系是让步状语。因此选择答案a。while作连词用时有“虽然；尽管”之意，用于引导让步状语从句。句意是：虽然我承认他不完美，但是事实上我却是喜欢他。8. a 该题考查连词的用法。根据逻辑关系是让步状语。因此选择答案a。while作连词用时有“虽然；尽管”之意，用于引导让步状语从句。句意是：虽然模特儿职业很不容易学，但是好的模特总是走俏。其他选项不合适。9c该题考查连词的用法。“its some time before”意为：在之前还要多长时间。这是一个固定句型。句意：科学家说在人身上可能试用这种药的时间也许还要五六年。10d 该题根据交际情景考查连词。根据逻辑关系there are many kinds of sports和 my favorite is swimming.是转折关系。句意：有很多体育运动，但我最喜欢游泳。11b该题根据交际情景考查引导状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意：有人告诉我们说我们应当沿大路一直走直到走到中心火车站为止。应当选择until。12. d该题考查连词的用法。stand over there 是祈使句，又是youll be able to see it better. 的条件，故选and。“祈使句+and+句子”为固定句型。“祈使句+and+句子”中的祈使句+and相当于if引导的条件状语从句。句意：站在那里，你能看得清楚一点。 13. d该题考查连词的用法。据题意it是代词，代替时间，故选before。句意：我们还没到温彻斯特城天就黑了。14. a 该题考查连词的用法。关键词food free in my restaurant，有地点、方式和事物因此，此处选择时间。句意：无论你愿什么时候来我的饭馆里吃饭，都免费。15. b 该题考查连词的用法。第一句话george doesnt really care for tv plays和still watches the program是转折关系。句意：“我认为乔治不喜欢电视剧。”“是的，但是他仍然看电视节目。”16. a 考查连词的用法。这四个词除了可以作从属连词外，when、while还可以作并列连词，when作并列连词时，后接突发性事件，意思为“此时，就在这个时候”，when符合句子意思的要求。句意：jasmine和家人在野生动物园散步，突然被狮子咬伤了腿。17. a考查从属连词的用法。整个句子的前后两部分为因果关系，因此，a正确。句意：父母应该认真对待孩子对太阳镜的要求，因为，在有阳光的天气里太阳镜是必需的。18 c该题考查连词的用法。从题中的you can come with us 和you can meet us there later这是表示选择，故选or。题意：我们乘john的车去书店。要么你和我们一起去，要么以后到那里找我们。19.b 考查连词，as far as i know，意思为 “据我所知”。句意：-他们住得离多远？-据我所知他们住邻居。20.d 考查连词的用法，根据句意：一个优秀的讲故事的人必须能够让听众的好奇心一直维持到他讲的故事的结尾。得知d为正确答案。21. c该题考查连词的用法。该题的关键词是but，从中推断是在事情变糟之前矫枉过正。故选before。题意：他犯了一个错误，但他在形势变糟之前就予以矫正。22.c该题考查连词的用法。从两句的逻辑关系看，第一句是第二句的条件。据题意：只要我得知钱安全了， 我就放心了。故选c. as long as意为：只要。even though意为：即使；unless意为：除非； while意为：当的时候；不和题意。23.d 考查连词的用法，根据句子意思，两个分句是一种并列关系，因此选择并列连词when，when的意思为“此时”。24d该题考查连词的用法。在交际用语中，but用来引出对别人邀请的委婉拒绝的理由。句意：-星期天你来参加晚宴好么？-谢谢。我很愿来，但我本周么要出城。25 c 该题考查连词if引导的条件状语从句的用法。该题关键要理解句意：如果世贸组织不能容纳占世界人口五分之一的国家，那他就做不到名副其实了。还要对live up to“做到”的理解。据题意，后面是前面的条件故选if。26 b该题考查连词的用法。连词while引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中，as也可引导时间状语从句，as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。该句是强调你在邮局的这段过程中买邮票，并没有强调同时进行。句意：“我要去邮局。”“你在那能给我买张邮票吗？”27 a 该题考查连词now that原因状语从句的用法。now that意为：“既然, 由于”“鉴于某种事实”相当于since，considering that，seeing that 用来引导原因状语从句与主句的关系并不很密切，用以补充说明作用。句意：既然你有了这个机会，你可以充分的利用它了。28 d 该题考查并列连词while引导并列句表对比的用法。in fact 是插入语，while是并列连词意为：然而，用来引导前后两个分句表示对比。句意：她以为我在谈论她的女儿，而实际上我在谈论我的女儿。29 c 该题考查并列连词or引导并列句表选择的用法。该问句是在a cup of coffee 和business两者之间的选择，故用or。and用于肯定句中；otherwise是副词意为：否则；then是副词，意为：然后。题意：你是先喝咖啡还是立即开始工作？30a 该题考查并列连词。据题意：妈妈很担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是当爸爸在法国期间。得知此处是选择连词表示一段时间。故选a。c. during是介词后面不能跟状语从句。第二节 考点归纳连词是一种起连接作用的词。连词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，只能起连接单词、短语或句子（包括从句与分句）的作用。可分为并列连词与从属连词。一、并列连词的用法1并列连词and的用法and可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。例如： go and fetch something to eat.（连接两个动词如go, come等表示目的）去取些吃的东西来。mary likes music and lily is fond of sports.玛丽喜欢音乐，莉莉爱好体育运动。（对比）one more week and well accomplish the task.再一星期，我们就完成任务。（条件）2并列连词bothand, not onlybut also, as well as的用法bothand意为：“不但而且； 既又”，是并列连词，可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成份。并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。both new york and london have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。the secretary both speaks and writes spanish.这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。not onlybut also意为：“不但.而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。not onlybut also可以连接句中所有的成份，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。not onlybut also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时， not only后的句子要倒装。not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生们津津有味地看着这部电影，而且他们的老师也是如此。not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科学家而且还是名战士。as well as 其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。the editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。3when并列连词，意为“就在那时”i was about to leave when the telephone rang.我刚想走，突然电话铃响了。4表示转折关系的并列连词这类连词连接两个含义不同的甚至是反义的词、短语或分句。常见的还有yet(然而)，while(而)，however(可是)等。其中while与but的区别在于:while表示对比，而but表示意义正好相反。learning the guitar isnt difficult ,but you have to practice.学弹吉它并不难，但你得练习。in some asian countries , nodding the head means not “yes”but “no”. 有些亚洲国家，点头并不表示“是”而是表示“不”。he was in deep trouble , yet he didnt lose heart.他深陷困境，然而他没有丧失信心。rick was very successful. however, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.瑞克非常成功，然而他的晚年并不幸福。you like sports, while id rather read.你喜欢体育而我却喜欢读书。5表示选择关系的并列连词此类并列连词主要有or, or else, eitheror, otherwise，neithernor, not nor等。（1）or的用法可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。主语的人称、数不一致时, 动词随着接近的主语而变化。连接两个句子，常和else连用。 john or you are in class two.约翰或者你在二班。put on your overcoat, or you will catch cold. 穿上你的大衣，不然你会着凉。 hurry up, or/or else well be late for the meeting.赶快，否则我们开会要迟到的。注意：or, or else, otherwise三者相比，or else语气较or强，而otherwise语气则最强。（2）eitheror, neithernor, not nor的用法 可以连接两个的词，也连接两个句子，当neither, nor放句首时，该句倒装。eitheror, neithernor, not nor等连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。either my father or my brothers are coming. 不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.理论没有实践不行, 实践没有理论也不行。6表示因果关系的并列连词这类连词常见的有so(因此)，for(因为)，therefore(因此)等。并列连词for表示原因，用以附加说明。这个词引导的分句必须放在第一个分句之后。 for可以表示原因，但引起的不是从句，而是分句，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开，在书面语中用的较多。so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。therefore意为“因此, 所以”，语气比较文气，多放在分句或句子的前面。i apologized to her , for i had wronged her.我向她道歉了，因为我错怪了她。he was sick, so they were quiet.他病了, 所以他们 很安静。he broke the law ,therefore he was put into prison.他违犯了法律，因此被投入监狱。二、从属连词的用法用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。从属连词分为两大类，即引导状语从句的从属连词和引导名词性从句的从属连词。(一) 引导状语从句的从属连词1、引导时间状语从句的从属连词此类连词主要有：when, while, after, before, as, as soon as , now(that), until, till, once, since, whenever, no sooner.than, hardly/barely/scarcely.when，every time, each time, next time, the last time, the moment等。when i got to the theatre, i found that they had sold all the tickets.当到达剧院时，我发现票已售完。we should strike while the iron is hot.我们要趁热打铁。since he entered the university, he has made great progress in his studies.进入大学以来，他在学业上已经取得了很大进步。they kept on working until it became dark.他们一直工作到天黑。once you begin , you must go on. 你一旦开始，就必须继续下去。you seem to have a ready-made answer, whenever i ask you a question.每逢我问你问题, 你总好象有现成的答案。now (that) you are here, youd better stay.你既然来了，那就不要走了。no sooner had they got to the field than it began to rain.他们刚到田里就开始下雨了。hardly had he set foot on his native land when he felt comfortable.他一踏上祖国的土地就感到心情舒畅。 she felt a thrill the moment she got into the theatre.她一进剧场就感到一种激动。every time he got to beijing, he came to see me.每次他来北京，他都来看我。注意：no sooner, hardly等位于句首时需用倒装语序。2引导原因状语从句的从属连词此类连词主要有because, as, since, now(that)，等。because引导的从句表示产生某种结果的必然的因果关系，语气较重，可回答why问句；since语气较轻，常位于句首；as则语气最轻。we couldnt cross the river because the water had risen.水已经上涨了，所以我们没能过河。since everyone is here ,lets begin .既然大家都来了，我们就开始吧。i must stop writing now, as i have rather a lot of work to do.我必须停笔了，因为我还有许多工作要做。now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. 既然你有了这个机会，你可以充分的利用它了。why use wood when you can use plastic?既然能用塑料, 为什么还要用木料?3引导让步状语从句的从属连词此类连词主要有although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter what等。though my father is old,yet he wants to do something for our country.我爸虽然老了，可他还要为国家做点事。even if there are difficulties， we must do it well.即使有困难，我们也要把工作做好。young as i am,i know some of the family secrets.尽管我年龄小，我知道一些家庭秘密。nobody believed him no matter what he said.不管他说什么每人相信他。4引导条件状语从句的从属连词此类连词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, supposing等。if we go on polluting the world ,it wont be fit for to live in.如果我们继续污染这个世界，那么这个世界就会不适合我们生活了。you will fail unless you work hard.除非努力你才不会失败。you can go out as/so long as you promise to be back soon.只要你保证很快回来，你就可以出去。what shall we do supposing he wont agree?假定他不同意，我们怎么办？the wto cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind如果世贸组织不能容纳占世界人口五分之一的国家，那它就名不符实。5表示行为方式的从属连词表示行为方式的从属连词主要有as，as if/though等。when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.当把铅笔一部分放到水里时，铅笔看上去就像断了。we did as he told us. 我们照他叮嘱的做了。he spoke as though he knew the question very well.他说得好像对这个问题知道得很清楚。注意：以as if引导的状语从句，其谓语动词常用虚拟语气。与现在相反的情况用过去时，与过去相反的情况用过去完成时。i remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.整个事情我都记得,就好像此事发生在昨天。6表示目的的从属连词表示目的的从属连词主要有that, so that，in order that等。i hurried so that i wouldnt be late for class. 为了上课不迟到我们赶紧走。john saved his money in order that he might buy a bicycle.约翰为了买一辆自行车而把钱节省下来。bring it nearer that i may see it better.把它拿近一些, 以便使我看得比较清楚。7表示结果的从属连词表示结果的从属连词，主要有that，so.that，so that，such.that等。they were so pleased to see each other that they forgot everything else. 他们彼此见到面，高兴得把别的事情都忘记了。it was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.天气非常寒冷， 以至于街上没有任何人。so cold is it that all the water pipes have frozen.天太冷，所有的水管都冻住了。8. 表示比较的从属连词表示比较的从属连词主要有than，as等i think chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想汉语比其他任何科目都更受欢迎。do you think that art is as interesting as music?你认为美术与音乐一样有趣吗?9. 表示地点的从属连词 表示地点的从属连词主要有where，wherever等。leave her where she is. 把她留在原地。you can take it with you wherever you go.你不论去哪里，都可随身携带它。（二）引导名词性从名的从属连词引导名词性从句的词多是连接代词和连接副词，从属边词主要有that，whether, if。1 由从属连词that，whether，if引导 这类连词引导名词性从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不担任任何成分。we all know that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。i want to know whether/if he will come back soon.我想知道他是否能很快回来。2由连接代词引导连接代词除了可以起连接作用外，还可以在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。连接代词主要有who，whom，whose，which，what, whatever, whoever, whomever等。do what he or she tells you to do.按照他/她所告诉你的去做。can you tell me who that gentleman is? 你能告诉我那位先生是谁么？whoever comes will be welcomed.无论谁来都会受到欢迎。3由连接副词引导连接副词除了起连接作用外，还在从句中作状语。连接副词主要有when，where，how，why等。i remember when this used to be a quiet village.我记得那时候这是一个安静的村庄。would you please tell me how i can get to the airport? 请告诉我怎样去机场？i dont know where we are going to have this meeting.我不知道我们到什么地方去开这次会议。do you know why he was late? 你知道他为什么迟到吗?三、一词多义的从属连词1、when（1）表示时间，意思是“当的时候”。the fire was put out when they came.他们来到的时候，大火已经被扑灭了。（2）表示条件，意思是“如果，要是”。when the weather is good，i usually go to the country.如果天气好的话，我通常到乡下去。（3）表示原因，意思是“既然”。i cant tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。（4）表示让步，意思是“虽然，然而，可是”。he walks when he might ride.他虽然可以坐车，可是他还是步行了。we have only three chairs when we need five.我们需要五把椅子，可是我们只有三把。2、while（l）表示时间，意思是“当的时候”，“和同时”。we waited while he dined.他吃饭时，我们等着。（2）表示让步，意思是“虽然，尽管”。while he is respected，he is not liked.他虽受人尊敬，但并不被人喜爱。（3）表示对比，意思是“而，然而”。she is very diligent，while he is very lazy.她很勤奋，而他却很懒。3、as（1）表示时间，意思是“当的时候，随着”。i met john as i was coming home。我回家途中遇到约翰。（2）表示原因，意思是“由于，因为”。例如:as he was not well，i decided to go without him.因为他身体不好，我决定独自去了。（3）表示比较，意思是“像一样”。im as tall as you(are).我和你样高。（4）表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”。do as i do.我怎么干，你就怎么干。（5）表示让步。意思是“虽然，尽管”。注意，as引导状语从句表示让步时，一定要用倒装语序。sick as he was，he came to work.他虽然有病，还是来上班了。child as he is，he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，懂的却很多。4、if（1）表示条件或假设，意思是“如果，假如”。well stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。（2）表示让步，意思是“虽然，即使”。i will go if i die for it.即使是死我也要去。if i am wrong，you come wrong,too.即使我错了，你也是错。（3）表示时间，意思是“无论何时，当”，相当于whenever。 if i dont understand what he says,i always ask him.我不懂他说的话时，我总问他。if winter comes，can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗?（4）表示原因，意思是“既然”。if you dont like the job，why dont you change it?既然你不喜欢这个工作，为什么不换换呢?（5）用来引出一个表达愿望的感叹句，表达一个愿望if they had only come earlier!如果他们早来一步该多好啊!if i havent lost my watch!我的表要是不丢该多好!if i only knew!要是我知道该多好。5、as long as,so long as（1）表示时间，意思是“达之久”。you can keep the book as long as you like。这本书你爱看多久就看多久。during the holidays，i like to stay in the countryside as long as i can.假日里，我喜欢呆在乡下，能果多久就呆多久。（2）表示条件，意思是“只要”。例如:as long as you tell the truth，ill try to help you.只要你告诉我实情，我会尽力帮助你。（3）表示原因，意思是“既然，由于，因为”。例如:so long as the weather is changeable these days,wed better get in wheat in time.由于这几天气候变化无常，我们最好及时把麦收割完。6、since（1）表示时间，意思是“自从以来”。i havent heard from him since he left.自从他离开后，我就没有得到他的消息。it is ten years since he joined the army.他参军已经有十年了。（2）表示原因，意思是“既然”。since you ask, i will tell you. 你既然问，我就告诉你。7、so that（1）表示目的，意思是“以便，为了”。the student worked hard so that he might learn more.这个学生努力学习，以便学到更多的知识。（2）表示结果，意思是“因此，结果是”。例如:i went to the lecture early so that i got a good seat.我很早就去听课，结果占到了一个好座位。四、 感叹词感叹词是用来表达说话时产生的喜怒哀乐等情绪的词。感叹词也是一种虚词，不作句子成份，但在意义上与后面句子有关联，后面句子常说明这种情绪的原因。一、oh(o)表示惊奇、恐惧、懊恼、高兴等。oh!so you are here!啊！你也在这儿！（惊奇、高兴）oh!please dont ask me any more.啊，求你别再问我了。（痛苦）oh,dont do it again.嗳，不要再做它了。（不耐烦）二、ah表示惊奇、高兴、满意、遗憾等。ah,thats right.嗯，这样就对了。（同意）ah!so you are back now!啊！你回来了！（高兴）三、well表示惊奇、快慰、疑问、忍从、松一口气、开始新话题等。well, here we are at last!好了，我们到底到了。（快慰）well, it cant be helped.唉，这是没有办法的。（无可奈何）well,who would have thought about that?嗨，谁会想到它呀！（惊奇）四、hello(hi)用来招呼人，相当于“喂”、“嘿”等。hello,how are you?喂，您好吗？hello! this is mrs. green speaking. 喂! 我是格林太太。(在电话中说)五、why表示惊奇或不足为奇，常常带有“你这都不知道吗？”“原来这样”这类意思。why, you are ahead of time too! 怎么，你们也提前完成了！（惊奇）wh