直接引语与间接引语.docx

直接引语和间接引语直接引语（Direct Speech）：当我们引用别人的话语时，若引用的是原话，被引用的部分叫直接引语。 间接引语（Indirect Speech）：当我们引用别人的话语时，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来，这种转述的别人说话的部分叫做间接引语。 典型例句：1. She said , “ I like English very much.”（直接引语） （她说：“我非常喜欢英语”。） 典型例句：2. She said she liked English very much. （间接引语） （她说她非常喜欢英语。） 一、直接引语与间接引语的转化 A. 陈述句的间接引语 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化，其中人称的变化与汉语的变化是一致的。 例1）John said, “Ive been late again.” John said that he had been late again. 例2）She said ,”We are very fond of sports.” She said that they were very fond of sports. B.疑问句的间接引语 1一般疑问句 一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didnt know等。句末不用问号。 例1）My teacher asked me, “Do you like American country music ?” My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music.重要提示： if 和whether 一般可通用，但 whether可以和or not 连用，if不能。 例：I asked her whether she had visited the museum two days before or not.2. 反意疑问句 反意疑问句转述为间接引语时，要把它看成是一般疑问句，即句型为陈述句，在句子前面加if或whether，往往后面还要加上or not，常用whetheror not. 例1）She cried, ”You have made a big mistake, havent you ?” She cried whether I had made a big mistake or not. 3否定的一般疑问句和选择问句 如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whetheror not连接。例1）She said, Dont you know my telephone number She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 例2）Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 4特殊疑问句 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。 例1）He asked, “How do you like it ?” He asked me how I liked it. 例2）She asked me, “Whats the matter with you?” She asked me what was the matter with me. 例3）”How many books do you have?” she asked. She asked me how many books I had. C. 祈使句的间接引语 1直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。 例1）She said to me, “Please have a rest. “ She asked me to have a rest. 例2）”Dont all answer at once”, she said to the pupils. She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 2带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。 例1）”Lets go for a walk”, said the girl. The girl suggested going for a walk. 例2）The teacher said, “Let Lily tidy the classroom.” The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. D. 感叹句的间接引语 1直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。 例1）”What a clever boy you are!” My teacher said to him. My teacher told him what a clever boy he was. My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 例2）She said,” How interesting the film is !” She said that how interesting the film was. 2有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。 例1） “Help! “he cried. He called for help. 例2）”Happy Christmas!” he said. He wished me a happy Christmas. E. “Would you please ? “ 如何变为间接引语 “ Would you please ? “虽然是个一般疑问句，但它表示的是”请求”,变为间接引语时，一般用动词不定式来表示。 句型：主语+ ask / invite +宾语+不定式 例1）”Would you please have lunch with me tomorrow ?” Mr Zhou asked me. Mr Zhou asked / invited me to have lunch with him the next day. 二、间接引语中的词语变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。 A. 时态的变化 直接引语转化为间接引语时，主句动词的时态若是过去时，间接引语的时态要变为相应的过去时态。倒推一个时态直接引语中的时态间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时、现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时例1）She said ,” I like maths very much.” (一般现在时) She said that she liked maths very much. (一般过去时) 例2）He said, “ Ive never seen this man .” （现在完成时） He said that he had never seen that man. （过去完成时） 例3）Joe said ,” Im listening to music in my room.” （现在进行时） Joe said that he was listening to music in his room. （过去进行时） 重要提示1 ：当引语表示一般真理或客观事实时，转化为间接引语时时态不变，并且要使用一般现在时。如： 例1）He asked, “ which star is the biggest ?” He asked which star is the biggest . 例2) The teacher told us ,”The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. 重要提示2：当直接引语有确定的过去时间时，时态不需变化。 例1） Chloe said,” The story took place in the 1930s.” Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s. B. 时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化直接引语中的状语、指示代词 间接引语中的状语、指示代词 today that day 当天 yesterday the day before 前一天 tomorrow the next day/ the following day 第二天 next week/month/year the next week/month/year last week/month/year the week/month/yearbeforeago before three/four/years ago three/four/years before in 2008 in 2008 (不变)now then 那时 so far by then here therethis that these those the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 两天前 the day after tomorrow 后天 in two days time/ two days after 两天后C. 方向性动词的变化 在直接引语变为间接引语时，表示方向性的动词bring, come 应变为take , go。 例1）My sister asked me ,”Could you bring the chairs upstairs ?” My sister asked me if I could take the chairs upstairs.特别提示： 当某一地点成为说话者或听话者谈论的中心时，尽管远离双方，在间接引语中依然用bring, come . 例1）Lisa said that shed like me to come to the party. （the party 为说话的中心）例2） Terence asked me if I could bring my DV Camera on the trip. (the trip为说话的中心)Exercises: I. Choose the best answer. 1. A: What did your teacher say just now ? B: He asked me _ this morning. A. how did Tom come to school B. When Tom got to school C. Why was Tom late for school 2. Tom said he _ back in a week. A. will come B. would come C. come 3. The policeman asked the child _ so that he could take him home. A. where did he live B. where he lived C. how he lived 4. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like 5. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 6.-“Please close the window,” he said to me. -He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked to close D. said to; please close 7.-“I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher 8.-He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 9.-He asked , “ Are you a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a League member B. was I a League member C. if I was a League member D. whether a League member. 10.He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 11.-He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do 12. I wonder if he _ tonight. If he _, Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. comes; will come 13. Nobody knows _ hell come or not. A. that B. if C. / D, whether 14. I cant say _ I want to see