中考英语 时态讲解 现在完成时复习（无答案）.doc

时态讲解：现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 recently, lately, already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, still, just, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)， for+短时间， since+点时间， so far, how long 提问的疑问句中. twice, several times up to these few days/weeks/months/years, up to present(now), 2）一 结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 yes, 主语+have/has. no , 主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他3）当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here） 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe4） 区别下面三组词have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来have gone to 表示去了，还未回来have been in 表示一直在某个地方5）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: in the past ,yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in october, just now, 具体的时间状语 6）现在完成时考点例析1. kates never seen chinese films，_ ? a. hasnt she b. has she c. isnt she d. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因kates是kate has的缩写，故选b。2. his uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)his uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -ann has gone to shanghai. -so _her parents. a. has b. had c. did d. have析：so+助/系/情态动词+主语结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选d。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -mum, may i go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? a. do; finish b. are; finishing c. did; finish d. have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -yes, but i cant remember where i_a. did; surf; surfed b. have; surfed; surfed c. did; surf; have surfed d. have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选d，2题选d。(二)当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1. his brother has been to stone forest twice_he came to yunnan. a. after b. before c. since d. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选c。2. tom_the cd player for two weeks.a. has lent b. has borrowed c. has bought d. has had析：a、b、c均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间的短语连用，故选d。3. i_a letter from him since he left. a. didnt receive b. havent got c. didnt have d. havent heard析：据since可知，应排除a、c，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为收到某人的来信，故选b。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：1. -have you ever_lintong to see the terra cotta warriors?-yes, i have. a. went to b. gone to c. been in d. been to析：据句中的have，排除a，b项意为去某地了，c项意为一直呆在某地，d项意为去过某地，符合题意，故选d。2. my parents _ shangdong for ten years. a. have been in b. have been to c. have gone to d. have been析：本题句中有for+段时间结构，据此可排除c，b项意为去过某地，不合题意，d项缺介词，故选a。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为：suns aunt has been there for ten years. /suns aunt went there ten years ago. /its ten years since suns aunt went there. 2. susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_more than ten years _susan _to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填it is, since, came。3. i wont go to the concert because i _my ticket. a. lost b. dont lose c. have lost d. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选c。一、 单项选择1、both his parents look sad. maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、he has _ been to shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still3、have you met mr. li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago4、the famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、our country _ a lot so far .yes. i hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better6、zhao lan _already _in this school for two years . was; studying . will; study . has; studied . are; studying7、we _ xiao li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、harry potter is a very nice film. i_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、these farmers have been to the united statesreally? when _ there?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? yes. i _ it a moment ago. did; do; finished bhave; done; finished chave; done; have finishedd will; do; finish11、 his father _ the party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in d. has been in12、do you know him well ?sure .we _friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、how long have you _ here ? about two months. been . gone . come . arrived14、hurry up! the play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 it _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 miss green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been17、my parents _ shandong for ten years. have been inb. have been to c have gone to . have been18、the students have cleaned the classroom, ?a. so they b. dont they c. have they d. havent they19 has mr white been a member of greener china since he to china?a. how soon, comes b. how often, got c. how long, came d. how far, arrived 20、 his uncle for more than 9 years.a. has come here b. has started to work c. has lived there d. has left the university二、 句型转换。1、he has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、they have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?3、the old man _ last year. he for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、this factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) this factory _ for twenty years.5、miss gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)miss gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、her mother has been a party member for three years .（同义句） her mother _ the party three years _.7、the green family moved to france two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the green family moved to france.8、the bus has arrived here. it arrived ten minutes ago. (合并成一个句子) _ 三. fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. i_ already _ (see) the film. i _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? not yet.3. my father _ just _ (come) back from work. he is tired now. 4. wheres li ming ? he _ (go) to the teachers office.5. i _ (work) here since i _ (move) here in 1999. 6. so far i _(make) quite a few friends here.7. how long _ the wangs _(stay) here ? for two weeks. 8. i _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. he _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. if it _ (be) fine tomorrow, ill go with you. 12. the students _ (read) english when the teacher came in. 13. look! the monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. my mother _ (come) to see me next sunday. 15. ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 四 choose the best answer. 1. how long have you _ here?a. come b. got c. arrived d. been 2. my grandpa died _.a. at the age of my 2 b. for 2 years . when i was 2. d. my age was 6.3. jane has _ to beijing. she will come back tomorrow.a. been b. gone c. went d. never been4. it is ten years _ i last saw her.a. after b. since c. for d. that5.-who will go to the station to meet lorry? -i will. i _ her several times.a. met b. have met c. had met d. will meet6. -what a nice dress! how long _ you _ it? -just 2 weeks.a. will, buy b. did, buy c. are, having d. have, had7.-do you know lydia very well? -yes, she and i _ friends since we were very young. a. have made b. have become c. have been d. have turned8. the smiths _ in china for 8 years.a. has lived b. lived c. have been d. live9. -hello, this is mr. green speaking. can i speak to mr. black? - sorry. he _ the bainiao park.a. has been to b. has gone to c. went to d. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the us? - yes, twice.a. have, gone b. have, been c, do, go d. were, going五 rewrite the sentences. 1. i have been to macau before. (改为否定句) i _ _ been to macau before.2. he hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3. i bough a new bike just now. (用just改写) i _ just _ a new bike.4. we began to learn english three years ago.(改为同义句)we _ _english _three years5. he has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. they have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here?7. the old man _ last year. he has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. miss gao left an h