语法重点复习虚拟语气讲义.doc

语法重点复习-虚拟语气一 既定模式中的虚拟语气：A.由if 构成的虚拟语气: If引导一个条件句,含义为”如果/假如”(在宾语从句中=whether”是否”时除外)可以用来表示两种条件:(1) 可实现的假设条件(这种假设只可发生在将来,即:说话之后),此时,if从句被称为:真实条件句,其引导的主从句的时态对应关系如下:if + SA + P(仅用一般现在时或am/is/are going to do; am/is/are to do=want/plan to do), SB + P(一般现在/一般将来)(2)不可实现的假设条件,即,虚拟条件.这种假设可以针对:现在(说话时及目前阶段);过去(说话前)及将来.但都无法实现. 此时,if 从句与主句的时态对应关系如下表所示:假 设 情 况If从句中的动词形式主句中的动词形式对 现 在S+P(一般过去时/be动词常用were)S+P(would/should/could/might+be/do sth/be done)对 过 去S+P(过去完成时:had been/had done sth/had been doneS+P(would/should/could/might+have been/done)对 将 来S+P:(1)一般过去(2) were to do(3) should be/do sthS+Pwould/should/could/might+be/do sth例:1. If they_(get) to the booking office earlier, they would have got some tickets.2. If you_(make) the same mistake later, you would be punished.3. If the doctor_(send) for without delay, the boy would still be alive.4. If he _(receive) three more votes, he would be our principal now.掌握方法:1. 判断if从句是真实还是虚拟句2. 判断所假设的的情况的所在时间区域3. 背熟主,从句的时态对应关系4. 记忆技巧:条件句中的时态比虚拟情况早一个时态!B.用wish或if only引导一个从句表示一种无法实现的愿望:要是就好了/旦愿 从句时态变化如下现在无法实现过去无法实现将来无法实现(sb)wish(that)if onlyS+P(一般过去时)be动词常用wereS+P(过去完成时)S+P:wouldcould/might+be/do sth/be done注意:wish与hope的区别:(1) hope that从句表示一个可以实现的愿望(2) hope不可用于:hope sb + sth(祝福语)的表达!二.特定词汇后面的虚拟语气:A.特定动词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:建议suggestadviserecommend(that)S+(should)+bedobe done命令ordercommand同上请求demanddesirerequestrequireinsisturge 同上注意:(1)当suggest的主语为sth时,其含义为暗示/表明;后面的从句用正常形式 (2)当insist的含义为:坚持说/坚持认为/坚持表白时,后面的从句用正常形式B.特定名词后面的that从句(同位语从句)中的非假设性虚拟:建议suggestionadvicerecommendationthat S+(should)+bedobe done命令ordercommand 同上请求demanddesirerequestrequirement 同上C.特定形容词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟:It + is(be)importantstrangenecessaryessentialdesirablenaturalthat S+(should)+bedobe done三.固定句式中that从句后的虚拟语气:A.It is (high,right) time (that) +S + P(一般过去时/should be/do;should不可省) It is time(that) you_(go) to bed.B.(1)sbA would rather sbB + P(一般过去):对现在或将来情况;A希望/旦愿B(现在/将)就好了.Id rather he_(be) present at this/tomorrows conference. (2)sbA would rather sbB+P(过去完成时):对过去情况;A希望/旦愿B那时/曾 就好了.Id rather you_(pass) that difficult exam.四.到装虚拟式: 当if条件句中为:If S+P(were/had done/should do sth)时可变为: Were/Had/Should + S +P(适当形式) ,主句不变1.) If it were summer tomorrow, we could go swimming.=Were it summer tomorrow, we could go swimming.2.) If he had come to school yesterday, he would have seen the film star.=Had he come to school yesterday, he would have seen the film star.3.) If I were you , I wouldnt go.=Were I you, I wouldnt go.4.) If he should be in Nanjing next week, we could go to the party together.=Should he be in Nanjing next week, we could go to the party together.二.非既定模式中的虚拟语气:A. But for sb/sthA, SB + P(虚拟式)=If it be not because of A/if there be no A,如果要不是因为A/要是没有A, B就(SB后面的虚拟形式要根据A的假设情况而定)1.) But for the heavy rain yesterday, we _(not stay) at home.2.) But for his great effort, he _(not pass) the exam so easily.B. 1.)Without sb/sthA, SB + P如果没有A,B就2.)With sb/sthA, SB + P 如果有A, B就注意:由于without, with可以相当于一个if从句的功能,因此,解题时应首先读出其相当于一个真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,再确定SB后面的谓语形式.1.) Without the pills, you _(have) another sleepless night.2.) Without the pills, you _(have) such a good sleep.3.) With the further development of modern agriculture, consumers_(supply) with more green food.4.) With a pair of wings like a bird, you _(fly) in the sky.C. (1.) SA + P(一般过去), + or / otherwise + SB + P(would/should/could/might have done) I was busy, or / otherwise I would have joined you in the picnic. (2.) SA + P(would/should/could/might do) + but + SB + P(一般现在) I would help you but I am busy. (3.) SA + P(would/should/could/might have done) + but + SB + P(一般过去) I would have helped you but I was busy.A.巩固练习:1. Just now he made the suggestion that we _(carry) on the talk in French.2. It is necessary that you _(ask) others for advice on the work plan.3. I _(manage) the design without your encouragement.4. They _(attend) the concert last night, but they were too busy.5. She wished sincerely that she _(do) something to comfort her husband, who is still out of work.6. If only he _(have) the courage to enter the house. Or he would have found it there.7. In different circumstances, I _(agree)8. If he _(receive) three more votes, he would be our headmaster.9. It is still fresh in my memory as though it _(be) tonight.10. I think its high time that she _( make ) up her mind.11. If it _(not be) for the rain,we would have had a good harvest.12. _(be) she in charge, she would do things differently.13. Id rather you _(not open) the window, for it is a little cold.14. Our world would be much better if there _(be) no war at all.15. The customer walked slowly for fear that the vase _(slip) from her hands and break.B.检测练习:1. It is desirable that co-operation between countries _ as long as possible.A. keeps B. could be kept C. be kept D. must be kept2. The General secretary of the U. N ordered that peace-keeping troops _to Iraq immediately.A. was sent B. would be sent C. should send D. be sent3. If I _ so much work to do this weekend, I _ with you for a holiday.A. hadnt got, go B. wouldnt have, went C. didnt have, would go D. didnt have, went4. Everything _ if Mr. Black hadnt called the fire department immediately after the fire broke out. A. would destroy B. would have destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed5. He felt lonely and sad as if the whole world _ against him. A. turns B. has turned C. is turning D. had turned6. He was in poverty at that time._, he wouldnt have accepted the money.A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Then7. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffered so much now. A.lies B. had lain C. lay D. should lie8. It has been recommended that more trees _ n big cities to purify the air.A. will be planted B. be planted C. are planted D. are to be planted9_ such a student as Tom very often, I would always be in great trouble.A. If I am to meet B. Were I to meet C. Was I to meet D. If I meet10. The fine weather suggests that there _ a good harvest. A. should be B. be C. is D. will be11. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have12. -Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? - _.A. Id rather you didnt actually. B. Of course not. Its not allowed here.B. Great! I love pets. D. No, you cant13. What would have happened _, as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther14. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall15._ be sent there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldB. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should16. He talked as if he _ for years. A. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there17. The officer ordered that everybody _ part in the campaign.A. take B. takes C. took D. will take18. He kept his head, otherwise the accident _.A. would happen B. had happened C. were happening D. would have happened19. The performance in the open air would have been called off _ it _ another fifteen minutes.A. had, rained