跨文化期末复习.doc

1. Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent. (1)convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统） (2)innovative communication systems(革新通信技术） (3)economic globalization (经济全球化） (4)widespread migrations(广泛的移民）2.What are the characteristic(特点） of culture?(1)shared(2)learned (enculuration 文化习得：learning ones culture)(3)dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)(4)ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)3.What are the characteristic of communication? (1)dynamic(动态性） (2)irreversible(不可逆转的） (3)symbolic(符号的） (4)systematic(系 统性） (5)transactional（互动性） (6)contextual(语境)4. Discuss the contents of 1) Chronemics: The study of how people perceive and use time.时间学 (1) Monochronic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time (2) Polychronic Time: being involved with many things at once. 2)Proxemics:the perception and use of space.空间学 3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.5.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing? 1) In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name,but in English this order is reversed. 2) In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time. 3) (About addressing by relationship）Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship. 4)Chinese use a persons title, office, or profession to indicate(表明） the persons influential(有权势的）status. In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used.(p24)6.What are the social functions of compliments?（赞美的社会作用） Creating or reinforcing (加固）solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.7. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time? M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的P-Time is less rigid(刻板） and clock-bound, more flexible and more human-centered.8. What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化） There are two primary influences on gender: socialization: family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low context culture.（讨论高、低语境）Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others, the burden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接）direct, explicit（明确）,and verbal, relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，and articulation. So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker.10.How is gender different from sex?Sex: biological, permanent, with an individual propertyGender: socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Communication (六条有效的跨性别交际原则)1)Suspend judgment 2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles 3)Provide translation cues4)Seek translation cues 5)Enlarge your own communication style 6)Suspend judgment跨文化交际选择题1. When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from _ perspective. a. anthropologic b. intellectual c. social d. psychological2. The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed _. a. interracial communication b. interethnic communication c. international communication d. interpersonal communication3. _ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. a. Decoding b. Channel c. Encoding d. Source4. _ refers anything that distorts the message the source encodes. a. Noise b. Message c. Source d. Context5. _ refers to the response of a receiver to a senders message. a. Receiver b. Decoding c. Encoding d. Feedback6. Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress _, which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition. a. harmony b. exchanging communication c. respect d. instrumental function7. Communication doesnt occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rather it takes place in a physical and a social context; both establish the rules that govern the interaction. It reflects communication is _. a. symbolic b. systematic c. irreversible d. transactional8. In China, if a Tibetan communicates with a Han, it is _ . a. interracial communication b. interethnic communication c. international communication d. interpersonal communication9. The _ is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate. a. message b. context c. source d. feedback10. _ refers to the exchange of messages between members of the dominant culture within a country. a. Interethnic communication b. Intercultural communication c. International communication d. Interregional communication11. _ occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races with different physical characteristics. a. Interethnic communication b. Interracial communication c. Intracultural communication d. intercultural communication12. _ refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. a. Cultural identity b. Cultural value c. Cultural norm d. Subculture13. _ is the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. a. Receiver response b. Source c. Context d. Feedback14. Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrant in U.S., has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called _. a. separation and segregation b. integration c. assimilation d. marginalization15. Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In his first week in U.S, he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in _ stage of culture shock. a. honeymoon b. crisis c. reintegration d. gradual adjustment(culture shock:文化冲击（突然处于一个与前大不相同的社会和文化环境中因而感到困惑、忧虑、烦恼的心情）16. _ refers to maintaining ones original culture and not participating in the new culture. a. Separation and segregation b. Marginalization c. Assimilation d. Integration17. _ refers to an individuals learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture. a. Acculturation b. Deculturation c. Marginalization d. Integration18. _ is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society. a. Deculturation b. Acculturation c. Assimilation d. Enculturation19. _ takes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integrity. a. Culture shock b. Integration c. Cultural identity d. Acculturation20. An American company that operates in Japan almost caused a disaster in the United States-Japanese relations by addressing 500 red Christmas cars to its Japanese Joint-venture partner, since funeral notices are red in Japan. This case has reflected that each country has its art for _. a. tipping b. greeting c. card exchange d. giving gift21. In _, the handshake is accompanied with a light kiss; even males kiss both cheeks after a handshake. a. the United States b. Saudi Arabia c. Russia d. France22. _ style focuses on the speaker and role relationships. People with such communication style stress high power distance. This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture. a. Contextual b. Personal c. Succinct d. Elaborate23. _ refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons. a. Euphemism b. Taboo c. Argot d. Dialect24. The _ refers to the ability to understand and adapt to the target culture; in another word, it refers to the sensitivity to cultural diversity, i.e., the ability to behave in an appropriate way and to regulate ones communication and interaction according to the context. a. intercultural competence b. social competence c. communication competence d. cultural competence25. _ refers to losing ones cultural identity and not having any psychological contact with the larger society. a. Marginalization b. Acculturation c. Culture shock d. separation and segregation26. _ refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different society. a. Dissimilation b. Assimilation c. Integration d. Culture shock27. _ is behaviors such as gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact. a. Chromatics b. Olfactics c. Haptics d. Kinestics28. While writing business messages, _ is usually the first step. a. prediction b. selection c. analysis d. planning29. While the highest goal of communication in the Eastern culture is to achieve _, the highest goal of communication in the West is to achieve the practical cooperation from others. a. propriety b. further relationship b. practical purpose d. definite result30. _ is the study of communication sent by the eyes. a. Oculesics b. Haptics c. Kinestics d. Chromatics31. Which of the following statements about intercultural communication is NOT true? a. It is communication between people of different cultures b. We need understanding and acceptance in intercultural communication. c. During the process of intercultural communication, one should turn ones back on ones own culture. d. We should develop tolerance and acceptance in intercultural communication .32. _ is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society. a. Deculturation b. Acculturation c. A