专升本辅导2 时态.doc

专升本辅导2 时态一、完成时态特点：1、谓语动词一般为延续性动词2、 动作发生的时间是过去，但这一动作持续到现在，而且还可能继续持续下去；3、 时间状语为一段时间，说明某个动作持续了多久。1） Ive worked in this company since 1980.2) I have lived here for 3 years.3) We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. (until now, up to now, up till now, so far)4) Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death. ( in the last few years, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries)4、 过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态-言外之意1） He has broken his leg.2) He broke his leg.3) A: What has happened to Jane? She is crying. B: She broke the dinning-room window. She has to face the music when her father gets home.4) You should have put the milk into icebox; I expect it _ undrinkable by now. A. became B. had become C. has become D. becomes5、 到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。1) In all the work I have done as president, every decision I have made, every executive action I have taken, every bill I have proposed and signed, Ive tried to give all Americans the tools and conditions to build the future of our dreams, in a good society, with a strong economy, a cleaner environment, and a freer, safer, more prosperous world.2) We have taken three tests sp far this week.3) I have made many new friends since I came to Beijing.5、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较都是过去的动作，但当我们强调过去的事情对现在仍有意义或仍有重要影响才用现在完成时。a. I havent seen him this morning.b. I didnt see him this morning.延续性动词：a. He lives in Beijing. He has lived here for 3 years.b. He lived in Beijing for 3 years and then emigrated to America. c. He has been in the army for 6 years.d. He was in the army for 6 years.二、 过去完成时-过去的过去1、开始于过去之前（即过去的过去） 的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在持续。1）I had stayed in America for two years when he moved here.2) I had learned 1000 words by the end of the last year.3) It had snowed for a long time when I woke up.2、表示开始于过去之前的动作到过去这一时刻之前已停止。短暂动词1) She had made everything ready before I came.2) Her baby had fallen asleep when she went into the room.3) Before John got home, Mary had gone to bed.3、其他用法Intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, with, wish等，表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等。1）I had planned to go shopping with you but my mother came to see me just when I was about to go.2) She had hoped that he would come to date here, but he didnt show up.3) I had intended to see you, but I was busy.4、一般过去时与过去完成时的比较两个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用and或but按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时要用一般过去时。过去完成时强调主语在过去某一时刻回顾更早的动作。1) He opened the door and entered, but found nobody.2) He had served in the army for ten years before he died in the jet-crash incident.3) I realized that we had met before.只两个相继发生的动作时，用过去完成时表示先发生的动作。如都用一般过去时，则可能表示一个动作“导致”另一动作，有一定的因果关系1) When I had opened all the windows I sat down and had a cup of tea.2) When I opened the window the cat jumped out.3) When I had written my letters I did some gardening.4) When I wrote him a letter, he came at once.5) When the singer had sung her song, she sat down.1. I began to teach in New Oriental School in 1997. This year is 2001. So far I _(teach) here for 4 years. By 2000, I _ (teach) for 3 years. By 2002, I _ (teach) for 5 years.2. Dont spend your money like water. If you keep on like that, you _ (spend) all your money before the end of the trip.3. “Was Clint at the party when you arrived?” “No, he _ (already, go) home.4. “Was Clint at the party when you arrived?” “Yes, but he _ (go) home soon afterwards.”5. I felt very tired when I got home, so I _ (go) straight to bed.6. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody _(go) to bed.7. Sorry Im late. The car _(break) down on my way here.8. We _ (drive) a long the road when we saw a car that _ (break) down, so we stopped to see if we could help.9. Yesterday I had a phone call from Clint. I was very surprised. I _ (write) to him times but he _ (never, reply) to my letters,10. I met Clint a few days ago. He _(just, come) back from holiday. He looked very well.11. The man sitting next tome on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight. He _(never, fly) before.12. This traffic is terrible. Were going to be late. By the time we _ (get) to the airport, Bobs plane _ (arrive, already), and hell wondering where are.13. Last spring I went to France. It was the first time that O _ (be) there.14. This is the only novel that he _ (write).15. This is the first time that I _ (take) the flight.16. This is the most difficult job that I _(ever, do)17. Clint is phoning his girlfriend again. This is the fourth time that he _ (phone) her this evening.18. A: Look! Somebody _ (spill) milk on the carpet. B: Well, it _(be, not) me. I _(do, not) it. A: I wonder who it _ (be) then.19. A: Clint _(break) his leg. B: Really? How _ that _ (happen) A: He _(fall) off a ladder.20. I _ (lose) my key. I cant get into my house.21. I _ (lose) my key, so I couldnt get into my house. But now I _ (find) it.二完成进行时 一个动作在现在、过去或将来的某一活动或时间之前的一段时间里一直在进行，强调动作的持续性。1、 与一段时间连用，表示开始于过去的动作持续到现在，并且活动还没有结束，还将继续持续下去1) It began raining two hours ago and its still raining. It has been raining for two hours.2) it has been snowing all day. I wonder when it will stop.2、可以不与一段时间连用。表示最近一段时期内正在持续的一般性活动1）I have been thinking about changing my job.2) All the students have been studying hard, for final exams will start next week.3、与现在完成时比较相同点：动作的延续性，都与一段时间连用不同点：1）I have worked/have been worked in this company for 3 years.2) I have worked in this company.3) I have been working in this company.4) He has been sleeping/has slept for three hours.5) He has slept.6) He has been sleeping.完成进行时强调动作过程，完成时强调动作结果1) My hands are very dirty. Ive been painting the house.2) I have painted the house green. The house was white, but now its green.3) Sorry about the mess - Ive been painting the house.4) Ive painted two rooms since lunchtime.1. He _ several novels since 1985. Most of them _ quite successful, but the last one _ very good reviews.A. has written / were / hasnt got B. wrote/ have been / didnt getC. has written / have been / didnt get D. wrote / were / didnt get2. By the time you get back, great changes _ in this area.A. will take place B. will be taken placeC. will be taking place D. will have taken place3. By the time you _, I _ all my house work.A. returned/will have finished B. return/ will finishC. return/ will have finished D. returned/finished4. When I _ the letter, I _ it to you.A. wrote / will show B. wrote/ would showC. have written / will show D. have written / would show5. I _ New York in 1986, but I _ there since.A. visit/ hadnt been B. visited/ havent beenC. visit/ havent been D. visited / hadnt been6. I think by five oclock the children _ from their work.A. will return B. had returned C. will have returned D. have returned7. Someone _ my book. I _ for it for the last minutes, but I cant see it anywhere.A. took/have been looking B. has taken / am lookingC. took /was looking D. has taken / have been looking8. Just imagine, if all goes well, by Christmas was _ in the new house for almost two months.A. are living B. have lived C. will live D. will have been living9. I hope you _ all the possibilities before you make the final decision.A. are considered B. will be consideringC. will have considered D. would have considered10. I _ to visit them yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.A. planned B. had planned C. did plan D. was planning11. John and I _ neighbors since we _ children.A. are/were B. were/ have been C. have been / are D. have been / were12. The plumber _ here yet? Yes, but he only _ for thirty minutes.A. has been / has stayed B. was / has stayedC. has been / stayed D. was / stayed13. Many years ago, he _ in Paris with his uncle for a long period of time.A. had been living B. had lived C. lived D. has been living14. How long _ here? I _ you come in.A. do you sit / havent seen B. did you sit / did not seeC. have you sat / have not seen D. have you been sitting / did not see15. I _ a great deal _ I came to England.A. have learned / before B. have learned / sinceC. learned /since D. learn / after16. I _ there for five minutes when all the lights _ out.A. was / went B. had been / went C. have been / go D. have been / went17. I _ this crossword puzzle for the last hour, but I _ half of it yet.A. am doing/havent finished B. have been doing /havent finished C. did/ didnt finish D. had done /didnt finish18. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are to challenge B. may be challengedC. are challenging D. have been challenged19. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _ by about 10%.A. will have risen B. has risen C. will be rising D. has been rising20. That was the first time the old lady _ her suffering to others.A. was telling B. had told C. have told D. told21. She will come to call on the moment she _ work.A. has finished B. had finished C. finishes D. will finish22. I _ to call on you, but was prevented from doing so.A. mean B. have meant C. meant D. had meant plan23. The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896, _ every four years so far this century, except during the two world wars.A. are held B. were held C. had been held D. have been held24. Its the third time I _ this particular aspect of grammar.A. explain B. explained C. have explained D. will explain25. On her next anniversary she _ married for 25 years.A. will be B. will have been C. has been D. is being26. In two years time he _ his masters degree in chemistry.A. has completed B. will be completedC. will have completed D. will have been completing27. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _ too long.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read28. It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time, well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking29. _ a rapid development in the application of laser over the last twenty year.A. There is B. There will be C. There has been D. There had been30. By the end of this year, David _ Chinese for four years, but he will still need/want training(to be tained) and experience before he masters the language.A. will be studying B. has studied C. will have been studying D. has been studying31. “I think the milkman sent us the wrong bottle.” “Its likely. They _ that many times before.”A. do B. done C. have done D. are doing32. By the year 2020, scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.A. have found B. will have found C. will be finding D. are finding33. I was lucky actually because that was the second time I _ China that year.A. have visited B. visited C. had visited D. would visit34. When the robber came in, carrying the sword, most of the passengers looked up in the surprise, because they _ anything like it before.A. didnt see B. have never seen C. never saw D. had never seen35. If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, by the mi