高考英语大二轮复习 第三部分 语法及语法填空 语法讲解 专题四 有提示词填空 第4讲 动词时态和语态素能特训.doc

动词时态和语态建议用时：45分钟.语法填空a单句语法填空在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。12015陕西西工大附中二模tom _ (plan) to go upstairs to his room and rest a while, but his aunt urged him to finish his homework first.答案：had planned表示计划、打算类的动词，用于过去完成时态表示“本打算做而未做的事情”，根据语境可知填过去完成时。22015安徽安庆一中四模id like a bike which _ (ride) well.will this one do?答案：rides定语从句中的时态与主句时态一致，且根据语意可知，从句讲述的是自行车的特性，故填一般现在时态的主动形式表被动。32015安徽合肥质检一you look so tired and pale. anything wrong?i hate to complain, but a new road _ (build) throughout the night.答案：is being built根据语境可知，语境是现在的时间，整晚在修路，且“road”与“build”之间为被动关系，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。42015北京海淀区期末have you heard about the shark attack accident at the sea world show?yes, how horrible! a trainer _ (kill) in front of the audience.答案：was killed根据语境可知“shark attack”事件发生在过去，“a trainer”被杀也在事件过程中，因此“kill”发生在过去，陈述当时发生的事，故用一般过去时，“trainer”与“kill”之间为被动关系，故填was killed。52015北京石景区一模bob, could i use your computer this evening?sorry, i _ (write) a report on it then.答案：will be writing根据语境前者要在将来时间用电脑，而后者表示抱歉，“then”即将来的那个时间在使用电脑，故填将来进行时态，“this evening”与“then”为关键信息。62015福建厦门质检laura, together with her teammates, _ (prepare) the drama these days.i bet they will give us a great performance at the graduation ceremony.答案：has been preparing根据“these days”以及后者描述的内容可知，laura一直在准备排练戏剧。另由together with连接两个主语时，谓语动词取决于其前面的主语，故用单数。答案是has been preparing。72015福建泉州质检i wondered why john kept it a secret. it was not until he _ (ask) three times that he told me the truth.答案：had been asked根据语境，整句采用一般过去时态，根据语义可知“ask”发生在“told”动作之前，且与主语“he”之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时态的被动语态。82015陕西宝鸡联考一only when you find peace in your heart _ you keep good relationships with others.答案：will/can根据句式结构可知，此处为倒装句，从句为一般现在时态，主句用将来时态。92015安徽黄山质检二this nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we _ (reflect) on what we have done to the environment.答案：reflected/should reflect根据句式结构，可知此题考查的是“its high time从句”结构，只是灵活变动了一下，故用一般过去时态或should reflect。102015重庆南开中学一诊we could have walked to the restaurant; it was so close.yes. a taxi _ (be) at all necessary.答案：wasnt本题前句中“could have walked”表示“过去本该做而未做的事”，暗示发生在过去；因此，“乘坐出租车是没必要的”也是发生在过去的事实，故用一般过去时态，陈述过去发生的事情。b语篇语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。2015河北唐山二模st.patricks day is one of those _1_ (wonder) days in our kindergarten. every year on march 17, a leprechaun (妖精) visits my classroom! he is a clever little character, and we have never been able to catch him.this morning, we _2_ (greet) with tiny, green leprechaun footprints all over the classroom. the innocence and the magic of kindergarten came out on a day like this! none of the children raised the doubt about _3_ the leprechaun was real or not. their faces were filled with wonder as they questioned how _4_ had got into our classroom. they created little traps _5_ (hope) to catch him during the dayeven leaving one in our bathroom so that if he should appear again over night, he might just get _6_ (catch) in our trap!for the afternoon tea break, we had some delicious green vegetables and fruits and every child made _7_ beautiful green card with wishes written on it. my favorite wish of all was the one made by jacob, _8_ said, “i wish everyone was nice to each other.” another one i liked very much was “i wish this was going to be the _9_ (good) day of my life.”the smiles _10_ their faces as they left school this afternoon proved that it just may have been!1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._本文讲述的是在st.patricks day这天孩子们的活动及经历的事情。1. wonderful考查定语，形容词的用法。2were greeted句中无谓语，由时间状语“this morning”推知应用一般过去式，主语“we”与动词“greet”之间为被动关系，故用一般过去式的被动语态。3whether此处考查介词的宾语从句，且句中缺少“是否”含义，故只用whether。4he考查代词。he指leprechaun (妖精)。5hoping考查伴随状语，表示顺其自然的结果。6caught考查get作为系动词的用法，后跟形容词或动词的过去分词。7a考查冠词用法。中心名词“card”卡片为可数名词。8which此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为wish，且定语从句中缺少主语，只能用which。9best最高级的用法。10on介词用法，脸上的微笑，用“on”。.完形填空2015云南复习统测一i have two friends who love backpacking. they spent a lot of time in a part of new york states adirondack mountains. it _1_ 46 mountains with a height of over 4,000 feet. the adirondack mountain club gives_2_ recognition and an award to anyone who_3_all 46mountains.my two friends decided to go for this award. now what you have to understand is that_4_many of the 46 mountains have wellmarked_5_to their summits (山顶), others are not marked at all. you have to“bushwhack (在丛林中开路)” using a compass and a map. my friends had climbed 45 of the mountains. they had just one_6_it was the most_7_， requiring bushwhacking. a hiking path led past the base of the mountain, but from that point they were on their own.early one morning they left their_8_and walked five miles on the hiking path to the base of a chain of mountains. when they arrived, they_9_ that they had left their compass and map in the camp. rather than_10_the camp, they decided to bushwhack without the compass and map.for hours they_11_ uphill experiencing the enduring heat, thick bushes, and black flies. _12_， in the late afternoon they found themselves at the_13_of a mountain successfully. they were exhausted but_14_. the feeling was shortlived, however. when they looked across the valley, they_15_another higher mountain. they had climbed the_16_one! it was too_17_that weekend to correct their error. they had to_18_another four months to climb the right mountain.this story_19_us a good lesson. often in life we putin a great effort to reach a goal. but without the right “map”and “compass”， it is_20_ to get “lost”作者通过讲述朋友登山的经历告诉我们：人生中要想实现自己的目标，那就需要选择好正确的方向。1a.goes through bconsists ofcrelies ondconnects to答案：b它由46座高度超过4000英尺的山脉组成(consists of)。go through“经历”；rely on“依靠”；connect to“连接”。故b项正确。2a.special bsimilar cnormaldgeneral答案：aadirondack mountain club给予特别的(special)认可。similar“类似的”；normal“正常的”；general“普通的”。故a项正确。3a.describes bdrawscobserves dclimbs答案：d攀登(climbs)完46座山。describe“描述”；draw“画”；observe“观察”。故d项正确。4a.while bsince cbecausedunless答案：a现在你不得不去明白的是46座山中的许多山有做好标记的小路通往山顶，而其他的山则一点儿标记也没有。while“(对比两件事物)而”，故a项正确。5a.pathsbrivers cviewsdavenues答案：a参见上题解析。path“小路”；river“河”；view“风景”；avenue“林荫道”。故a项正确。6a.occupied bleftcdeserted dmissed答案：b“我”的朋友已经攀登了45座山，仅剩下(left)一座了。故b项正确。7a.interestingbchangeablecreachabledremote答案：d那座山是最遥远的(remote)。interesting“有趣的”；changeable“易变的”；reachable“可及，可到达的”。故d项正确。8a.house broom ccampdyard答案：c他们一大清早就离开了营地(camp)。house“房屋”；room“房间”；yard“院子”。故c项正确。9a.ignored bdiscovered csenseddexplained答案：b当他们到达时，他们发现(discovered)他们把指南针和地图遗留在了营地。ignore“忽视”；sense“感觉到”；explain“解释”。故b项正确。10a.departing frombtraveling tocreturning to dgoing for答案：c他们决定在没有指南针和地图的情况下穿越丛林，而不是返回(returning to)营地。故c项正确。11a.jumped bwandered cran dwalked答案：d数小时来，他们经历着持久的高温、浓密的灌木丛和黑色的苍蝇向山上走(walked)去。jump“跳”；run“跑”；wander“徘徊”。故d项正确。12a.immediately bsurelycfinally dhopefully答案：c最后(finally)，在傍晚，他们成功地来到了山顶(top)。immediately“立即”；surely“必定”；hopefully“有希望地”。故c项正确。13a.bottombtopcslope dbase答案：b参见上题解析。bottom“底部”；top“顶部”；slope“斜坡”；base“根基”。故b项正确。14a.embarrassed bmovedcdisturbeddexcited答案：d他们感到筋疲力尽但很激动(excited)。embarrassed“尴尬的”；moved“感动的”；disturbed“心神不安的”。故d项正确。15a.admired bcheckedcsawdappreciated答案：c当他们越过山谷望去时，他们看见(saw)另外一座更高的山。admire“钦佩”；check“检查”；appreciate“欣赏”。故c项正确。16a.strangebwrong cdistant dsteep答案：b他们攀登上了错误的(wrong)山。strange“陌生的”；distant“遥远的”；steep“陡峭的”。故b项正确。17a.late bdangerouscpuzzlingdhelpless答案：a那个周末太晚(late)了而不能纠正他们的错误了。dangerous“有危险的”；puzzling“令人迷惑的”；helpless“无助的”。故a项正确。18a.savebwait cgaindput答案：b他们不得不再等待(wait)四个月去攀登正确的山。故b项正确。19a.sends btellscrecommends dteaches答案：d这个故事给了我们一个很好的教训。teach sb.a lesson表示“给某人一个教训”，故d项正确。20a.easy bhardcannoying ddiscouraging答案：a但是如果没有正确的“地图”和“指南针”，很容易(easy)迷失。hard“艰难的”；annoying“使恼怒的”；discouraging“令人丧气的”。故a项正确。.阅读理解a2015吉林长春质检二 on the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didnt know. i looked round when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. i turned around to find a wrinkled， little old lady with a smile. she said, “hi, handsome. my name is rose. im eightyseven years old. can i give you a hug？” i laughed and enthusiastically responded, “of course you may！” she gave me a giant squeeze.“why_are_you_in_college_at_such_a_ young,_ innocent_age？” i asked. “i always dreamed of having a college education and now im getting one！” she told me. after class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. we became instant friends. every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. i was always listening to this “time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. over the course of the year, rose became a campus icon (偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. at the end of the semester we invited rose to speak at our football dinner. ill never forget what she taught us. “we do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. there is a huge difference between growing older andgrowing up. anybody can grow older. that doesnt take any talent or ability. the idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. have no regrets. the elderly usually dont have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. the only people who fear death are those with regrets.” she concluded her speech by courageously singing“the rose”. she challenged each of us to study the lyrics (歌词) and live them out in our daily life. at the years end she finished the college degree she had begun all those years. one week after graduation rose died peacefully in her sleep. 本文讲述了一位87岁的老太太rose仍然坚持学习，实现了自己的梦想考上了大学，她成了大学校园里的偶像，她的话激励了年轻人。1what happened to the author on the first day of school?ahe got to know an old professor.bhe made the acquaintance of an old lady.che joined the student union.dhe had to share a milkshake with others.答案：b考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“i looked round when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. i turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile”可知，作者在上学的第一天结识了一位老太太。故选b项。2from the underlined sentence in paragraph 1, we can find out the authors_.aconcern about agebrespect for the oldccuriosity about the ladydcomplaint about education答案：c考查推理判断。根据画线句后面老太太的回答“i always dreamed of having a college education and now im getting one！”可推知，作者对在大学校园碰到老太太感到非常的好奇，所以询问老太太在学校的原因。故选c项。3in the authors eyes，_.arose was innocent and generousbrose was wise and skilledcrose was talented and hardworkingdrose was courageous and her words were inspiring答案：d考查推理判断。第二段讲到老太太rose那种没有因为年龄大而放弃自己的梦想，活到老学到老的这种精神使她在大学校园成了大学生的偶像，故rose的勇气让作者感到钦佩，她的话令人鼓舞。故选d项。4which saying might rose possibly support?aone is never too old to learn.ba friend in need is a friend indeed.crome wasnt built in a day.dit is no use crying over spilt milk.答案：a考查推理判断。本文讲述了一位87岁的老太太rose仍然坚持学习，实现了自己的梦想考上了大学，故a项“活到老学到老”，符合题意。a friend in need is a friend indeed“患难见真情”，rome wasnt built in a day“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，it is no use crying over spilt milk“覆水难收”，都不符合题意。1wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的2squeeze n/vt. 挤，压榨3instant adj./n. 紧急的；立即的；瞬间4talent n. 才能；天才5peacefully adv. 和平地；平静地1turn around 反身；扭转；拐弯2dream of 梦想3share.with. 与分享原文：over the course of the year, rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. (wherever引导状语从句)译文：在这年的学习中，rose成了校园偶像，她无论去哪里都会很容易结交朋友。仿写：if you choose only to complain and escape from the trouble, itll always follow you wherever_you_go.如果你只是一味选择抱怨和逃避困难，那么不管你走到了哪里，它会永远跟着你。b2015辽宁大连双基测试when we hear of dangerous diseases, cancer and heart disease are often what first come to mind. recently, a virus called ebola has reappeared in guinea, killing 62 people so far. it leads to high fever, bleeding and so on. ebola can kill 90% of those infected (感染病菌的), especially in underdeveloped societies like those in africa.ebola is named after the ebola river, where it was first discovered in 1976. there are five different types of the ebola virus, each named after where they first happened: sudan, ivory coast, reston, bundibugyo, and zaire. the deadliest of the five, zaire, was responsible for the 2012 outbreak, and is believed to be attacking guinea.ebola is naturally found in fruit bats, which pass on the virus to other animals by biting or sucking on their blood. humans who are suffering from the ebola infection might have touched the bodily fluids (体液) of the infected animals. once infected, a human becomes a carrier of the deadly virus.since we live in an interconnected world, where the situation in one country can affect us all, the effects of ebola are huge: damaging trade relations, affecting foreign visitors, and weakening an entire country. already the guinea virus is spreading fast with a few cases spotted in conakrythe capital city of guinea, far away from the origin of the virus. it is feared that the disease may have already reached neighboring liberia and sierra leone, too.unfortunately, there are no diseasespecific treatments for ebola. health care workers only supply the infected people with water to keep them in good condition. since there have been many cases of nurses catching the disease from patients, they are forced to wear strict protective clothes, and in some cases, not even allowed to get close to the infected. the fact that there is no cure for the ebola virus is what makes the outbreak a challenging one to control.本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了埃博拉病毒的发源、传播途径、危害和爆发后难以控制的现状。5from the text we know that_.aebola is naturally found in fruitbebola is a highly infectious viruscebola is a newly discovered diseasedebola is recentl