高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 7 Unit 21 Human Biology 北师大版.doc

book 7 unit 21 human biology重点识记词汇1.abuse vt.&n.滥用2.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的3.doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的 4.seek vt.寻找5.annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的 6.in vain徒然，白费力气7.compulsory adj.强制性的，义务的 8.at random随便地，随意地9.controversial adj.有争议的 10.at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何11.privileged adj.荣幸的 12.cater vi.满足；迎合cater to满足；迎合13.entry n.进入；入学 14.treat vt.款待15.postpone vt.推迟，延期 16.straight away立刻，马上17.unite vt.联合；团结；统一 18.routine n.常规；惯例19.foresee vt.预见 20.underline vt.表明重要性；强调21.faith n.信心 22.stop sth.in its tracks终止；消灭23.temporary adj.临时的；短暂的 24.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫25.decline vi.下降 26.at any rate无论如何；至少27.deadline n.截止日期，最后日期 28.concern n.担心；担忧29.absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的30.tolerate vt.容忍tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的tolerance n.容忍31.oppose vt.反对opposite adj.相反的opposition n.相反32.contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾contradiction n.矛盾的说法；反驳33.trial n.实验try v.试验；试做；n.尝试34.prohibit vt.禁止prohibition n.禁止；禁令35.equip vt.使有准备equipment n.装备；设备36.fortune n.大笔钱财，巨款fortunate adj.幸运的misfortune n.不幸必背经典句式1.unfortunately，it is not easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs.不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用违禁药物并不是很容易。2.when he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。3.our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world.我们的眼睛和耳朵不停地发射信号，大脑翻译这些信号并构建出外部世界的图画。4.it seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from traditional chinese medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。构词记忆architecture /kitekt/n.u建筑学；建筑式样；建筑风格creature /krit/n.c1.创造物；产物2.生物；动物departure /dipt/n.c&u启程；离开；出发literature /litrt/n.c&u1.文学2.文献；图书资料signature /sint/n.c&u署名；签名.词汇与派生a语境填词1pop music is now in decline(下降)，while country music catches on.2he foresaw(预见) that the job would take a long time.3to care for wisdom，truth and improvement of the soul is far better than to seek(寻求) money，honor and reputation.4the flight was postponed(推迟) because of the thick snow. 5im afraid youve missed the deadline(截止日期)，which for applications was may 30th.6it was absurd(荒唐的) of you to suggest such a thing.7he was arrested on a charge of corruption(腐败) and abuse(滥用) of power.8education is compulsory(义务的) for children in most countries.9the entry(入学) of the students into the university makes their parents happy.10she treated(款待) him to lunch.b用所给词的适当形式填空11is there anyone who opposes (oppose) the idea put forward by the committee?12i wont tolerate (tolerance) your behaving in this way.13the government has an interest in importing scientific equipment (equip)14i just dont see why we shouldnt give it a try (trial)15the girl was fortunate (fortune) enough to have her mother as a bosom(知心的) friend.短语运用a用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 be lost to，get down to，work out，give up，compare to，come up，get through，make up，consist of，bring up 16.had the boy worked harder，he would have got through the exams.17she likes to bring up her child in healthy surroundings.18the final examination is coming up soon.its time for us to get down to our studies.19in europe，one half of the population was lost to the black death.20the doctor advised my brother to give up smoking as soon as possible.21i cant work out the meaning of this poem.22ill let you know if anything comes up.23this soup consists of tomatoes，meat and peas.24the world was compared to a stage by shakespeare.25nine players make up a team.b用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空at random，for good，in vain，at any rate，at all costs, as early as，as a whole，in despair26.the summer sports meeting must be held on time at any rate.27we tried in vain to make him change his mind.28weve been separated from each other before，but i think its for good this time.29the market researchers interviewed people at random in the street.30epidemics are described in his topical accounts as early as 430 bc.31chinese medicine treats the body as a whole.32after the failure of the operation，she cried in despair.33he decided to finish the project at all costs.经典句式34it seemed a real pity that i didnt see the superstar who i have admired yesterday.很遗憾，昨天我没有见到这位我很仰慕的巨星。35in our school whoever is caught cheating in the exams will be punished severely.在我们学校，无论是谁，在考试中被当场抓住作弊者将会受到严罚。36it was my aunt who/that met tom in the street yesterday.昨天是我的阿姨在街上碰到的汤姆。37he could have passed the exam，but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。1多词一义tolerate，bear，stand，put up withtolerate sb.doing sth.容忍/忍受某人做某事have tolerance for忍受beyond tolerance无法忍受be tolerant of容忍he wont tolerate anyone questioning his decisions.他不能容忍别人对他的决定提出质疑。perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors.或许你应该对你的邻居宽容些。夯实基础语法填空(1)perhaps you should be more tolerant of your little sister.(2)i have a high tolerance for that stuff.(3)he was beyond tolerance at last，and left angrily.2应试指导seek for作为高级词汇替换look forseek after/for企图获得；追求；寻找seek to do sth.试图(设法)做某事seek out找到they sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。夯实基础语法填空(1)they are urgently seeking for the post where they are well paid.(2)the couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens.(3)corbett resolved to seek out the truth.(4)having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one.3多词一义cause，cater to/for，meet，satisfy，fulfillcater to迎合cater for为提供服务；满足需要cater for sth.提供饮食；承办酒席our newspapers try to cater for/to all opinions.我们的报纸试图满足各种观点的要求。夯实基础语法填空(1)its the kind of movie that caters to the worst side of human nature.(2)its a holiday company that caters for the elderly.(3)who is catering for your daughters wedding?4多词一义prohibit sb.from doing，stop sb.(from) doing，prevent sb.(from) doing，keep sb.from doingprohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事prohibit ones doing sth.禁止某人做某事prohibition against.的禁令the price prohibited us from buying it.这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals.禁止游客投喂动物。夯实基础语法填空(1)the environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition against the hunting of whales.(2)meanwhile，the dutch will prohibit tourists from buying marijuana(大麻) in their famous coffee shops.(3)a few schools have adopted policies that prohibit sharing(share) student contact information.5rob sb./sp.of sth.抢某人(某地)的某物steal sth.from sb./sp.从那里偷某物robbery n.抢劫,robber n.盗贼；强盗i cant forgive lewis for robbing me of an olympic gold.我不能原谅刘易斯夺走了我一块奥运会金牌。mrs.yacoub was robbed of her 3,000 designer watch at her west london home.雅各布夫人那块价值3 000英镑的名牌手表在西伦敦的家中被人抢走了。夯实基础(1)用rob的适当形式填空armed robbers broke into a jewellers through a hole in the wall.the man was serving a sentence for robbery with violence.(2)the bank was robbed and shut down，but reopened last week.robbed and shut down，the bank reopened last week.(用过去分词作状语改写句子)6多词一义decline，refuse，denydecline to do.拒绝做a decline in在方面下降in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路in many cases living standards are declining.在许多方面生活水平正在下降。the minister declined to comment on the rumors.部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。夯实基础语法填空(1)there has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.(2)thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.(3)he declined to answer(answer) my questions.7submit to服从于；屈从于submit oneself to甘受；服从submit.to.向提交in desperation，mrs.jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.绝望之际，琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。夯实基础(1)if i submitted to(服从) their demands，they would give whatever i want.(2)they submitted their reports to(向提交了报告) the headmaster yesterday.8 concern v.影响(affect)；涉及(involve)，与有关(be connected with)；让(某人)担忧(be worried about)；n.担心，忧虑；关心应试指导过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义的区别concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的as far as sb.be concerned就某人而言be concerned about/for (concern oneself about/for)对担心/关心be concerned with sb./sth.(concern oneself with sb./sth.)与有关concerning prep.关于as far as im concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.就我而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决办法。(江西书面表达)he doesnt concern himself with politics.他不关心政治。夯实基础用concern的适当形式填空(1)concerning the tollfree policy on the express way，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about/for the safety.(2)concerned about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.9应试指导(1)under no circumstances置于句首时倒装(2)circumstance作为先行词时定语从句引导词的考查in/under no circumstances决不(never)in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样under any circumstances在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permit如果情况允许the strategy was too dangerous in the explosive circumstances of the times.在当时那种一触即发的形势下，采取那样的策略太危险了。i wish we could have met under happier circumstances.我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。特别提醒抽象地点名词，如：point，stage，case，situation，condition，position，activity，race，competition，system，job，scene，life，occasion，environment，circumstance等作先行词时，用where引导。如：he got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.today，well discuss a number of cases where beginners of english fail to use the language properly.思考题表达“决不”的短语还有：at no time，by no means，on no account，in no way，on no condition，in no case等。夯实基础(1)语法填空he wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.he may win the competition，where he is likely to get into the national team.sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.i have reached a point in my life where i am supposed to make decisions of my own.(2)完成句子under no circumstances must you leave the house(你必须离开房子).you must not mention your colleague under any circumstances(在任何情况下).iran and iraq also have the potential to export more，if circumstances allow/permit(如果情况允许).1at the cost of丧失，牺牲；以为代价at a cost of以的费用/价格at any cost以任何代价at cost按成本you must stop the press from finding out the truth at all costs.你必须不惜一切代价阻止媒体查明真相。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)he is determined to win at all costs.(2)she saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life.(3)we want to find a cure at any cost.(4)i can buy books at cost from this bookstore.2at this rate照这样继续下去at a rate of以速度they both agree with mewell，at any rate，maggie does.他们两人都同意我的意见，不管怎样，麦琪是同意的。夯实基础不管怎样我都要试一试。(一句多译)(1)at any rate i will try.(rate)(2)anyhow i will try.(anyhow)(3)in any case i will try.(case)(4)at any event i will try.(event)(5)at any cost i will try.(cost)(6)by any means i will try.(means)1 it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。(1)it isadj./n.for sb.to do.结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。(2)it isadj.for sb.to do.中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样，如impossible，important等。(3)it isadj.of sb.to do.中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征，如nice，kind等。its very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我真是太好了。its important for you to arrive there on time.重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。夯实基础(1)it is necessary that he should be sent there at once.it is necessary for him to be sent there at once.(改为简单句)(2)obviously，we dont want to spend too much money.it is obvious that we dont want to spend too much money.(改为复合句)2 when he went to the doctor that day，he could not have known what was about to happen to him.那天当他去看医生时，他不可能知道他要发生什么事。情态动词have done表示两个意义：(1)表对过去情况的推测与估计musthave done用于肯定句，意为“准是/一定(已经)了”canhave done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会(已经)的”和“可能/也许(已经)了吗”mayhave done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许(已经)了”和“可能/或许还没有”(2)表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定。should/ought tohave done本来应该的(但却没有)couldhave done本来能够的mighthave done本可以的neednthave done本来可以不必的you should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。it must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。夯实基础语法填空(1)my book，the house of hades，is missing.who could have taken(take) it?(2)he might have given(give) you more help，even though he was busy.(3)how could you have been(be) so careless？you mistook my clothes for yours.(4)he must have lived(live) here last year.3 单元语法语法填空(1)if mother had told (tell) me the truth when i was young，i would not make such mistakes so often now.(2)you could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed (review) the lessons last night.(3)if you had studied hard before，you would be (be) a college student now.(4)i didnt hear the phone.i must have been (be) asleep.(5)i could have worked (work) out the problem，but i was too nervous.高考题组.短文改错(2012新课标全国)i learned early in life that i had to be more patient and little aggressive.from the time i was about four until i was about six，i destroyed each of my toy.i was happy when the toys worked，but when things did wrong，i got angry and broke it.for a while parents bought me new toys.but before long they began to see which was happening.when i tear apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“thats it.no more toys to you.”my punishment lasted a year.meanwhile，i found out that with more patience i must make my toys to last.my attitude changed from then on.答案i learned early in life that i had to be more patient and aggressive.from the time i was about four until i was about six，i destroyed each of my .i was happy when the toys worked，but when things 或 wrong，i got angry and broke .for a while parents bought me new toys.but before long they began to see was happening.when i apart my fifth birthday toy train，my father said，“thats it.no more toys you.” my punishment lasted a year.meanwhile，i found out that with more patience i make my toys to last.my attitude changed from then on.写作常用句翻译是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。(concern)(2011福建书面表达)it is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.模拟题组.语法填空1.chinese customs regulations prohibit taking (take) precious works of art out of china.2.i couldnt have enjoyed (enjoy) myself moreit was a perfect day.3.why are your eyes so red？you cant have slept well last night.yeah，i stayed up late writing a report.4.one of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.5.maybe if i had studied (study) science，and not literature then，i would be able to give you more help.6.its important for the figures to be updated (update) regularly.7.it is a great honor for me to be asked (ask) to make a speech here.8.the first time you take part in a race，it is very normal to feel tense.9.i have never sought to hide (hide) my views.i hope you will not misunderstand me.10.nearly half in lebanon agree that it is acceptable for a woman to appear in public without a headscarf.单句改错1.it was reported that all children had physically and emotionally abused.had后加上been 2.it is doubtful that he will come here tomorrow.thatwhether3.i think it quite privilege to be invited to attend the meeting.quite后加上a或privilegeprivileged4.they only publish magazines catering the interests of adults.catering后加上to5.what do you think the underlining word in the sentence means？underliningunderlined6.i always have faith he will come to our party in person.faith后加上that7.he made fortune in his business trade.made后加上a8.the police arrested those who responsible for the murder.去掉who或who后加上were9.no matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.去掉your10.we walked back to the house with silence.within.写作句式升级训练with kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.(素材来源于2014广东读写任务)as long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.(用as long as改写为复合句).阅读理解improving your vocabulary can be done at any age and any level of education.even college students can benefit from an enlarged vocabulary，which will enhance spoken and written communication as well as providing a deeper grasp of any language.often people are encouraged to improve their vocabulary by a major test，but improving your vocabulary can be done for fun as well.reading more，playing word games and puzzles，and looking up words in the dictionary are all good ways to learn new words.one of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read more.reading is directly linked with a larger vocabulary，especially if you seek out books in unfamiliar styles or about unfamiliar topics.nonfiction in a wide variety of fields can teach you new words and general knowledge，but reading fiction is also highly beneficial.as you read，make a note of unfamiliar words，look them up，and write down the definition.playing word games is a fun way to learn new words.games like scrabble and boggle will encourage your brain to play with words and letters，as well as learning new ones.if you play with an open dictionary，you can encourage people to try out words they might otherwise be afraid of using.most word games are interactive，so you enjoy company while you expand your vocabulary.another way of improving your vocabulary is to do word puzzles.most newspapers include crosswords，simple cryptology puzzles，and jumbles that get progressively harder throughout the week.try to commit to completing all of the word puzzles every day，or at least attempt to finish them.word puzzles can also be done in groups，especially if you enjoy competition.you can purchase books of word puzzles of varying difficulty for a different challenge.a simple way to improve your vocabulary is to use the dictionary.create flashcards of unfamiliar words and practice them in the train，on the bus，or when you wake up in the