高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 4 Unit 11 The Media 北师大版.doc

book 4 unit 11 the media重点识记词汇1.affair n.事情，事件 2.widespread adj.广泛的3.reform n.&vt.改革，改良 4.analyse vt.分析analysis n.分析5.stand for是意思，代表；支持 6.publish vt.出版，发行7.incident n.事件，事情 8.arise vi.发生，出现9.blame vt.责怪，归咎于 10.willing adj.愿意的，乐意的11.attempt vt.&n.尝试，试图 12.in favour of支持，赞同13.be linked to/with与相关联 14.defend vt.为辩解；保卫15.consist of由组成 16.stand out突出，显眼17.pretend vt.假装 18.respect n.&vt.尊敬，尊重19.disagreement n.意见不一；分歧 20.suitable adj.合适的21 approach n.方法，方式 22.contemporary adj.当代的23.contribution n.贡献，捐助 24.as long as只要25.comment on发表意见；提出看法 26.help out帮忙做某事；帮助克服困难27.go ahead with开始做；着手干 28.environmental adj.自然环境的29.host n.&vt.主办(国、机构、城市)；主人；主办 30.conclude vt.做出结论；结束31.attitude n.态度，看法attitude to对的态度32.demand vt.要求，请求demand.of向提要求33.application n.申请(书)；应用apply to适用于34.innocent adj.天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的35.nation n.国家；民族national adj.全国(性)的36.explanation n.解释，说明explain v.解释，说明37.belief n.信仰；信心；信任believe v.相信，信任；认为38.employ vt.雇用unemployment n.失业39.evidence n.证明，证据evident adj.明白的，明显的40.announce vt.宣布，宣告announcement n.宣告，宣布；通知41.favour n.赞同；恩惠favourable adj.赞成的；有利的42.encouragement n.鼓励encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的43.advertise vt.为做广告advertisement n.广告44.consideration n.必须考虑的事consider vt.考虑；认为45.harmful adj.有害的harm n.&v.危害，伤害46.faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地faith n.信任，信仰47.interrupt vt.&vi.打断；打扰interruption n.打断；打扰必背经典句式1.it is likely to be just the name of a company，part of which may be a general location.很可能只是一家公司，其中一部分可能是一个大概的位置。2.aids is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和健康护理机构非常重要。3.however，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。4.according to the research published by leeds university yesterday，people dont mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。5.no matter what the government says，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.不管政府说什么，很明显这个飞机场也会对我们的健康有影响。构词记忆replace /ripleis/vt.1.替换；取代；更换2.把放回原处resist /rizist/vt.1.抗拒；抵抗；抵御2.忍住；vi.抵抗；抵制；抗拒restore /rist/vt.恢复；使复原；使复位return /ritn/vi.返回；恢复；送还；vt.归还；使恢复；回报；n.c&u返回；归还；回报.词汇与派生a语境填词1whats more，i am willing(乐意的) to tell you that i am to do some parttime jobs in the summer holiday.2on the other hand，they also suffer from less respect(尊重) and lower pay.3i guess that was the turning point of my attitude(态度) towards it.4its impossible for us to satisfy everyones demands(要求)5smoking is harmful(有害的) to our health.6his encouragement(鼓励) made me become more confident of myself.7he has made great contributions(贡献) to our country.8students should understand the approach(方法) to communicating with others on packing.9the sentry(哨兵) defended(守卫) the gate against sudden attack.10the waste water also creates one of environmental(自然环境的) pollution origins.b用所给词的适当形式填空11shes waiting patiently in the belief (believe) that hell come back.12when we faced her with all the evidence (evident)，she admitted the crime.13the judge didnt believe his explanation (explain) that he had stolen the money in order to give it to charity.14there is no doubt that unemployment (employ) has caused damage both to individuals and to communities.15if you want to sell your old sofa，you can put an advertisement(advertise) in the local newspaper.16they began shooting immediately after the announcement (announce). 17all attempts (attempt) to control the spread of the disease have failed.18we considered (consideration) that the young man was not guilty.19he was honored for his bravery(brave) and honesty as well as his strong support of just causes.20she made a favorable (favor) impression on us.21do you remember him pretending(pretend) to be his father on the phone?22a number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.短语运用a用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空stand for, consist of，stand out，be linked to/with，come down to，demand.of，go ahead with，apply to，comment on ，help.out23.similarly，you are representing your blog every time you comment on another blog.24un stands for the united nations.25but，just what does a properly balanced diet consist of?26while she was away，he went ahead with the work and got a lot done.27you should pay great attention to the centre who stands out in the french team.28what it comes down to is whether we stay here or leave.29he talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him.30he was rushing back to help them out of poverty.31more and more mobiles are likely to be linked to/with the internet. 32scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production.b用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空as long as, attitude to，in favour of，in detail33.i will discuss it in detail later in this article.34some are in favour of it；some are against it.35i will cooperate as long as i am notified on time.36peoples attitudes to failure，however，vary greatly from person to person.经典句式37it is likely to be cold in november.十一月可能会冷起来。38you can make it so long as you work hard.只要你努力工作，你会取得成功。39all my friends do not study well.not all my friends study well.我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。40no matter what problem it is，ill work it out by myself.无论它是什么样的问题，我将自己解决。41it was after i went abroad that i found english was of great importance.在我出国后我才发现英语很重要。1应试指导(1)虚拟语气的考查(2)写作经典句式as demanded(3)写作高级词汇demandingdemand (of sb.) to do.要求(某人)做demand doing/to be done需要demand that.(should) do.要求satisfy/meet ones demands满足某人的需求on demand一经要求,in demand需要make demands of对提出要求demanding adj.要求高的；需要高技能(或耐性等)的；苛求的first，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in china.首先，在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(安徽书面表达)this check is payable on demand.这是见票即付的支票。特别提醒demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”。夯实基础语法填空(1)strike workers demanded to see (see) the manager.(2)my demand is that the information referred to in my report be emailed (email) to mr.brown without delay.(3)he found he could no longer cope with his demanding (demand) job.2应试指导口头通知常用词汇it is announced that.据称；据宣布announce to sb.sth./that.向某人宣布announcement n.宣布，宣告；声名make an announcement下通知；宣布it was announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.据宣布，将有新的限速规定出台。she was planning to announce her engagement to peter.她正计划宣布她和彼得订婚一事。特别提醒announce后不跟双宾语，即不能说announce sb.sth.，可以说announce to sb.sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有：explain，say，report，describe，suggest，mention，express等。夯实基础语法填空(1)attention，please！i have an announcement to make (make).(2)it has been announced (announce) already that the meeting is put off.3应试指导(1)后跟同位语从句时连接词的考查(2)写作高分句式：it is evident that.多词一义evident，obvious，cleargather evidence收集证据evident adj.清楚的；明显的it is evident that.很显然before making his decision，the judge heard the evidence.法官听取证词后才作决定。it has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.我们已经清楚出了差错。夯实基础(1)语法填空many people see the use of “dama” as evidence that the more advanced a country becomes, the more influential its language is.his intention was not evident to me.evidently(evident)，you are wrong.(2)evidently，practice is important for everybody.it is evident that practice is important for everybody.(改为含有主语从句的复合句)4 blame v.把归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb.is responsible for)；n.过失；责任(responsibility)；责备，指责应试指导be to blame主动表被动的用法blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。the president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。词义辨析blame，charge，accuse(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人；blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。夯实基础(1)语法填空it is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.she was said to have been charged with drunken driving.i was told that he was accused of murder.(2)他把考试失败归咎于老师。(一句多译)he blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame.on)he blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame.for)he put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n.)5应试指导作为高级词汇替换tryattempt to do/at doing.尝试(试图)做make an attempt to do/at doing.尝试做make an attempt on ones life企图谋杀某人at ones first attempt第一次尝试in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事the only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of philadelphia.只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。it was one of his rare attempts at humor.那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。夯实基础(1)语法填空i passed my driving test at the first attempt.someone has made an attempt on the presidents life.he attempted to escape(escape) from the prison，but he couldnt find anybody to help him.(2)他们试图攀登那座小山。(一句多译)they made an attempt to climb that hill. (attempt n.)they attempted to climb that hill. (attempt v.)6多词一义defend，guard，protect，in defence ofdefend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害；保卫某人(物)defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护defence n.防卫，保卫；辩护in defence of保卫；为辩护every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge.每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。police chiefs strongly defended police conduct against a wave of criticism.针对批评的浪潮，警察局长们极力为警方的行为进行辩护。夯实基础(1)语法填空he made a long speech defending (defend)his views from objections.they defended themselves against being attacked (attack).the best defence (defend)is a good offense.(2)he has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.he has hired a lawyer in his defence against his action.(用defence改写句子)7in the process of在过程中in the process在进行中speed up the process加速进程the house is still in the process of being built.房子还在建设中。will you describe the process of building a boat?你能描绘一下造船的步骤吗？特别提醒process表示做某事的方法或程序，其后可接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。夯实基础语法填空(1)actually you can make learning english a process，where you can not only learn much knowledge but also interesting cultures.(2)the museum is in the process of being restored(restore) these days.8应试指导后跟非谓语动词不同时态的考查pretend to do/to be doing/to have done假装要/正在/已经做了某事pretend to beadj./n.假装是pretend that.假装i pretend that things are really okay when theyre not.当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。he pretended to be friendly to us.他假装对我们友好。夯实基础(1)语法填空dont pretend to understand(understand) when you dont.when his mother came in，he pretended to be studying(study).he pretended to have known(know) the answer to the problem already.she would open a book，pretending(pretend) to read，with tears dropping on the open page.(2)将下列复合句改为简单句she pretended that she was reading a book.she pretended to be reading a book.he pretended that he had known the news.he pretended to have known the news.9应试指导人物类写作高频词汇have/show respect forpay respect to尊敬；尊重give/send respect to sb.向某人问候in some respects在某些方面in respect ofwith respect to关于，就来说respectable adj.值得尊敬的respectful adj.表示敬意的consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers.所以，那些从事最微不足道工作的人应该得到同工程师和教师一样的尊重。(广东读写任务)his work is good in respect of quality but bad in respect of quantity.他的工作质量好但数量不够。夯实基础用respect的短语填空(1)we often show respect for our leader，who is always showing a great deal of concern for us.(2)i am writing in respect of the complaint you made last week.(3)in some respects i dont agree with you completely.10 approach v.靠近，接近(draw near)；走近；接洽；n.方法(means)；接近；通道；路径(path，road)；接洽；建议应试指导作为高级词汇替换come nearan approach to.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近at the approach of在快到的时候be approaching 快到了(just) around/round the corner(时间上)临近地，马上，快要；(距离上)紧邻地，很近地when i approached，they grew silent.当我走近时，他们就不说话了。i like her approach to the problem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。夯实基础(1)with the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.with the time for graduation just around the corner，we are busy with our papers.(用corner短语改写句子)as the time for graduation is approaching/drawing near，we are busy with our papers. (用as引导时间状语从句改写句子)(2)when we approached the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.approaching the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(用现在分词短语作时间状语改写句子)11interrupt sb./sth.打断某人(事)interruption n.妨碍，打断，中断without interruption不间断地dont interrupt us；its rude.别打断我们的谈话，这是很不礼貌的。im sorry to interrupt you，but could you tell me the way to the hospital?对不起，打扰了，你能告诉我去医院怎么走吗？夯实基础the telephone rang and interrupted her train of thought.the telephone rang，interrupting her train of thought.(用现在分词短语作结果状语改写句子)1多词一义(1)represent，stand for，be on behalf of(2)stand，put up with，bear，toleratestand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持stand out突出stand doing/to do容忍做as it stands照此情况，照这个样子from where i stand以我的观点(立场)in china，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.在中国，这些结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。(新课标全国书面表达)please remember ill stand by you whatever happens.请记住，无论如何，我都会支持你。夯实基础(1)选择方框内的短语填空how can you stand by and see him accused of something he didnt do?the new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.i disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.(2)语法填空as it stands，it will be in our favor.you dont seem to know where you stand.from where i stand，his career seems to take off soon.2多词一义in favor of，be for，argue for，vote for，support，stand byask a favor of sb.求人帮一个忙do a favor for sb.do sb.a favor帮某人一个忙in ones favor对某人有利out of favor失宠的；不流行的the exchange rate is in our favor for the time being.汇率暂时对我们有利。夯实基础(1)fortunately，the situation is in our favor(形势对我们有利) at the moment，so we are sitting on top of the world.(2)was he in favor of or against the plan(支持还是反对这个计划)?3多词一义consist of，be composed of，be made up ofconsist in(lie in)在于；存在于consistent adj.前后一致的，始终如一的be consistent with与一致的；符合的his breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。good service consists in punctuality and dependability.良好的服务在于守时与可靠。特别提醒consist of不使用被动语态和进行时。夯实基础(1)this club consists of eight members.this club is made up of eight members.(用be made up of改写句子)this club is composed of eight members.(用be composed of改写句子)(2)change 3 consists of a lander and a moon rover called “yutu” and now has landed on the moon in middecember 2013.change 3，consisting of a lander and a moon rover called “yutu”，has landed on the moon in middecember 2013.(用现在分词短语作定语改写句子)4ahead adv.在前方，向前方；领先，在之前ahead of在前面；领先；早于ahead of time提前,ahead of ones time超越某人那个时代go ahead前进；着手；进行；去做吧；开始吧get ahead成功；出人头地you are already ahead of schedule.你已经比进度表提前很多了。if so，you are ahead of the game.如果是的话，你已经领先这个游戏。夯实基础翻译句子(1)我们前面有一条河。(用倒装句)ahead of us lies a river.(2)他在班上总是遥遥领先。he is always well ahead of the rest of the class.1 however，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。not all.all.not表示部分否定，也称半否定。,具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。all my friends do not study well.not all my friends study well.我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。everything is not right.并非什么都好。夯实基础把下列半否定的句子改为全否定(1)not everything she did pleased him.nothing she did pleased him.(2)both of them are not my brothers.neither of them is my brother.(3)i do not remember all the formulas.i remember none of the formulas.(4)she is not always excited.she is never excited.2 according to the research published by leeds university yesterday，people dont mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。as/so long as只要，引导条件状语从句。as long as还可译为“长达，和一样长久”。as far as远至；就来说as well as和一样好；不但而且；也as soon as一就in our life we may meet many failures；as long as we try our best，theres no need feeling regret for these failures.生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(湖南书面表达)夯实基础(1)what are you going to do this afternoon?ill probably go for a walk later on so/as long as it stays fine(只要天一直好的话).(2)ill tell him the news as soon as he comes back(他一回来).(3)as far as i know(据我所知)，he is a man to be depended on.(4)he makes films as well as he acts(他不仅演电影).3 at the last minute，he jumped out of the truck，hurting his ankle.最后时刻，他从卡车上跳了出来，伤着了脚踝现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。the child fell，striking his head against the door.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。he hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。夯实基础(1)语法填空a number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didnt fit.(2)a number of new machines were introduced from abroad，which resulted in an increase in production.(将上题句改为复合句)4 单元语法语法填空(1)the church tower which is being restored (restore) will be open to tourists soon.the work is almost finished.(2)in the spoken english of some areas in the us，the “r” sound at the end of the words is dropped (drop).(3)every year a flood of f