中考英语专题复习 浅谈宾语从句.doc

浅谈宾语从句宾语从句是中考的一个重要考点,又是英语学习中的一大难点。要学好宾语从句，就必须正确、灵活运用其三要素，即：引导词、语序和时态。【知识梳理】一、引导词1.宾语从句是陈述句时，引导词用从属连词that。如：millie says that she is good at dancing. 米莉说她舞跳得好。【友情提醒】一般情况下，that只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略。如：we often says (that) work must come first. 我们经常说学习必须第一。当从句的主语是指示代词that时，引导词that不可省略。如：our english tells us that that sounds really great. 我们英语老师告诉我们那件事听起来真的好极了。当主句与从句之间有插入语时，引导词that不能省略。如：i hear, for example, that english people like afternoon tea. 我听说，举个例子，英国人喜欢喝下午茶。 2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而来时，引导词要用if/ whether。在从句中，它们起连接作用，不作句子成分，意为“是否”，在口语中多用if。如：he asked me if/ whether i would go to the cinema with him.他问我我是否愿意和他一起去看电影。【拓展延伸】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether：介词之后的宾语从句 如：im thinking about whether i have made another mistake.我正在考虑我是否又犯错误了。宾语从句提前时 如：whether it is going to rain, i really dont know.老天是不是要下雨，我真的不知道。与or not连用时 如：they are talking about whether to go there or not.他们正在谈论是否去那儿。放在不定式之前，与不定式连用时 如：whether to go there or not hasnt been decided yet.是否去那儿还没有定下来。动词discuss之后 如：we are discussing whether we should have the meeting right now.我们正在讨论是不是立即开会。另外，if作为“如果”时，引导的是条件状语从句，不能用whether代替。如：call me if you need some help.假如你需要帮助，打电话给我。3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来时，引导词(连接代词或连接副词)实际就是原特殊疑问句的疑问词。引导宾语从句的连接代词有who, whom, whose, which和what，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语和定语等成分，且本身有意义，不能省略。如：no one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.谁也不敢肯定100万年以后人类是个什么样。引导宾语从句的连接副词有when, where, how和why，他们在从句中一律作状语，不可省略。如：he asked me where she lived.他问我她住在哪儿。【拓展延伸】某些动词，如hope, wish等后接由that引导的宾语从句，如果该从句的主语与主句的主语保持一致，可将that从句变成动词不定式短语。如：i hope that i can see you here again. =i hope to see you here again.我希望在这儿再次见到你。由连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语保持一致，可以将宾语从句改为“疑问词+不定式”。如：i dont know what i could do next. = i dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步怎么半。二、语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。如：i wanted to know when the train left.我想知道火车什么时候离开。【友情提醒】若疑问句的主语前面有助动词do, did或does时，变为宾语从句时应将其去掉。如：“how often do you watch tv?” millie asked. =millie asked how often i watched tv.疑问词在从句中作主语时，在变为宾语从句时，语序不变。如：“who can answer my question?” our english teacher asks. =our english asks us who can answer his question.三、时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，一般取决于主句谓语动词的时态，这就是我们通常所说的时态呼应。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词可以根据需要使用适当的时态。如：i hear he is here today.i hear he was here yesterday.i hear he will be here tomorrow.如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时或过去完成时，宾语从句的谓语动词也必须用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：a. 从句的动作和主句的动作紧接发生，从句用一般过去时。mr. king didnt know when his son left home.mr. king 不知道他的儿子什么时候离家的。b. 当从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，则从句用过去进行时。could you tell me what you were doing at this time yesterday?你能告诉我昨天这个时候你在干什么？c. 如果宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作前，则从句用过去完成时。he told us that he had been to shanghai twice.他告诉我们他去过上海两次。d. 如果宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作后，则宾语从句用过去将来时。he asked me when i would go to beijing tomorrow.他问我明天什么时候去北京。【友情提醒】1、如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，不管主句的谓语动词用什么样的时态，宾语从句的谓语动词一律用一般现在时。如：everyone knew there are sixty minutes in an hour.人人都知道一小时有60分钟。our geography teacher told us the sun rises in the east and sinks in the west.我们地理老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起西方落下。2、宾语从句有时可以后移，用it来充当形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句子的后边。如：i think it a pity that you didnt come to my birthday party.我认为你没来参加我的生日聚会真是遗憾。3、在think, guess, believe, suppose等动词后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定意义，那么这否定应该前移到think, guess, believe, suppose等动词上，即通常所说的“否定前移”。如：i dont think he can finish the work along in half an hour.我认为他不可能在半个小时内独立完成这项工作。【帮你归纳】综上所述，我们可以归纳如下：学习宾从三注意：时态语序和连词。 时态主从要呼应： 主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去； 语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。 that连接陈述句，省与不省没关系。 从句若表“是否”时，if, whether 均可以。 特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。 三个问题须记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。【牛刀小试】一、单项选择()1.could you tell me _ _? yes. he_ _to the usa.a. where is he, has been b. where he is, has gonec. where was he, has been d. where he was, has gone()2. he wanted to know_.a. when would the holiday begin b. that he had come back from beijingc. which one did i like best d. how he could get to the station() 3.long long ago, people didnt know the earth_ _round the sun.a. movingb. movedc. movesd. went()4. where do you think_ _he_ _the tv set? sorry, ive no idea.a./, bought b. has, bought c. did, buy d. did bought()5. could you please teach me _ the computer.a. how use b. to use c. how to use d. to how using()6.do you know_ daughter she is?a. whoseb. whoc. whatd. whom()7.they wondered when the new english teacher _next week.a. would comeb. comec. will comed. comes()8.i wanted to know when he_ me when he _free this afternoon.a. will ring, will beb. would ring, wasc. rings, isd. rang, was()9.do you know _?a. what is wrong with your coatb. what your coat is wrong withc. what the matter isd. what can i do for you()10.i am wondering_.a. why did he come to school lateb. why he came to school latec. that he came to school lated. why was he late for school()11. i cant understand _ the boy alone.a. why she left b. why did she leavec. why had she left d. why she had left()12. she told me light _faster than sound.a. travelb. traveledc. travelsd. will travel()13. i dont know _he will be back home.a. who b. what c. when d. where()14. miss green didnt tell us_ in 2002.a. where does she live b. where she livesc. where did she live d. where she lived()15. which of the following sentences doesnt contain(包含) an object clause? a. many people believe robots will do most of our work. b. scientists should be able to develop plants that grow on mars. c. people think that humans on mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. d. we all know the next olympic games will be held in beijing.二、用方框中合适的连接词填空what, where, why, when, which, whose, who1. wang hai told me_ he didnt finish his homework yesterday afternoon. 2. can you tell me_ will give us a talk on chinese history?3. she really wondered _to do better next.4. please tell us_ to leave tomorrow. 5. do you know_ shirt it is?6. can you guess_ sweater is suitable to a student?7.did you catch_ he said to us just now?8.do you know_ he parked his car?9.he asked me_ i had been during the summer holiday.10.do you know _he is? a teacher.三、句型转换1.what does he often talk about? the girl wondered.(两句合成一句)the girl wondered_ _often_ about?2.who knocked at the door so loudly? i dont know.(同上)i dont know_ _at the door so loudly.3. i think this is a good idea.（改为否定句）i_ _this_ a good idea.4. lucy hasnt decided