高三代词教师用.doc

本资料来源于七彩教育网 代词用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。 高考重点要求：1、 物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词的基本用法2、 代词的指代含义以及数的情况3、it的基本用法第一节 知识点概述一、人称代词1 人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。2 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he（him），阴性she（her）和中性it（it），复数和宾语形式都只有一个形式they和them，不分性别。3 选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。二、物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。物主代词的用法：（1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：His pencil box is on the desk.This is our school.（2）名词性物主代词作名词用，本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。 作主语： Richards school bag is blue and mine is black. 理查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑色的。（mine=my school bag） 作表语： Its his. 这是他的（东西）。 作宾语： He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及物动词的宾语） “of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。注意：试比较下面两句句子：This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人）This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）三、反身代词反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系。通常在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。四、指示代词（一）指示代词是具有指示概念的代词this 这； that 那； these 这些； those 那些； such 如此的； same 同样的（二）指示代词的用法（1）this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。（2）such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样的”，such a 这样一个，such as 像这样的。（3）same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。例如：1） That is our English teacher. （主语）2） This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)3） I prefer this (these) to that (those). （宾语）4） What he likes best is this/that. (表语)5） I have never read such an exciting book. （定语）6） I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)7） Such is our trip plan. (主语) （指上文提到过或刚说过的内容）。8） She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)9） We were born on the same day. (定语)注意：1） this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与 here 连用；that、 those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物，可以与 there 连用。2） 打电话或其他场合，本人这一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。3） such 作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把such置于不定冠词之前 。4） 在 same 之前必须加冠词 the 。五、疑问代词1Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。2Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。3Whose 用于明确所有者。hom 在口语中，多为 who 代替。六、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词（如：anybody, something, no one）。这些不定代词大多可以代替名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但none和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语。而every和no只能作定语。七、it的用法 （一）作人称代词 1. 指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如：It rains continually in the south in June. It is a half hours walk to the factory.2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如： Where is my notebook? It was here just now. There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。例如： The baby cried because it was hungry. Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?（二）用作强调句，构成强调结构句型结构：It is(was)+强调部分+that。例如： It was last night that they left for H.K. It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday.（三）it作形式主语和形式宾语it作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如： I found it interesting to study English. It is of great help to master a foreign language.第二节 实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1.不定代词可作主语，当作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。2.不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。例:Much has been done to fight pollution；each of them has got a present.3.many, few和both用于可数名词，表示复数概念。 4.All, both和each和含有every的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。例：Not all the students have been to the Austrlia. She cant work out both of the difficult problems.Everybody cannot work out the problem.5.Neither,none和含有no的复合代词表示全部否定。例:None of us can answer the question.Neither of the questions is right.二、历届高考试题分析例1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.A. othersB. the otherC. either D. another答案：B 【解析】 根据上文neither的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个，所以用the other。这句的意思是：贸易谈判没有取得进展，因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。例2、Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to stay for_ two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. others答案为A。【解析】 another意为“又一，再一”，后面如接two, three等数词或few等时，可与复数形式连用，我们可以把two weeks看作一个整体，在原来的基础上再待两星期。而 other，the other用于两者之间的另一个，others是other的所有格形式，故B、C、D都不可选。例3、The Parkers bought a new house but_ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which答案为B。 【解析】 it指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物，此句中指a new house；而one指“同名异物”；which引导定语从句，但题干中有连词but，并非主从句，which不妥；A为复数，更易排除。例4、In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A. this B. that C. there D. it答案为D。【解析】 it在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。由于空格出现在fact的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句，而选了that。而实际上，in fact是介词短语作状语，后不能接同位语从句。译文：实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。例5、Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _?A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest答案为D。【解析】 wheat是不可数名词，不能用others代替。the rest既可代可数名词，也可代不可数名词，此处指the rest of the wheat。例6、If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be?A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses答案为D。【解析】 考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else“其他什么人”，用于主格，宾格。who elses“其他什么人的”，用于所有格。 例7、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _.A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white答案为C。【解析】 木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的；另一面染成白色的，考查onethe other结构，由此排除B、D；原句结构为“the other(should be painted)white，为避免重复可省略。例8、He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This答案为A。【解析】 用that指代上文提到的事，避免了重复；it指代时间。例9、Your coffee smells great!Its from Mexico. Would you like_?A. it B. some C. this D. little答案为B。【解析】 some相当于some of this coffee.例10、Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.A. some B. any C. that D. those答案为C。【解析】 这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。”that在句子中代表the pleasure。一些考生只注意到Few pleasures是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填了those。注意：使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。 第三节 巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A、B、C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.1. I like _C_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _B_.A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else3. Playing tricks on others is _B_ we should never do.A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _B_ from some wood we had.A. it B. one C. himself D. another5. I got the story from Tom and _C_ people who had worked with him.A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than6. You can eat food free in my restaurant _A_ you like.A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _A_ couldnt spare me even one minute.A. they B. one C. who D. it8. One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for _B_.A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything9. If you run after two hares, you will catch _B_.A. none B. neither C. nothing D. no one10. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got _D_ to talk to.A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. on one11. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish A in two days ?Athe rest Bthe other Canother Dthe others12. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _C_ way as you please.AEach BEveryCAnyDEither13. You must never think that you are good at _B_while others are good at _A. everything something else B. everythingnothingC. allnone D. nothing all14. Do you like _D_ here?Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.it 指的是那个地方，然后回答：那个地方的空气清新，气候宜人，还有舒适的生活方式，都特别有魅力 A. this B. these C. that D. it15. That s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _C_ he s done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _A_ of them came. A. neitherB. either C. noneD. both17. The Foreign Minister said, “_D_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”A. This isB. There is C. That isD. It is 18. _B_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. ItB. As C. ThatD. What19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _B_ .A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers20. My mother opened _D_of the drawers in turn , trying to decide what he was going to put in _of them .A. everyeach B. everyone every C. every one everyone D. each each 21. He was nearly drowned once. When was _A_ ? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A. thatIt B. thisThis C. thisIt D. that.This22. Youre always working. Come on. Lets go shopping. _C_ you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That23. Do you want tea or coffee?_C_. I really dont mind.A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither24. Some students will remember these terms条款 as the most successful _A_in the history of our school.A. ones B. ones C. one D. ones 25. This new rule may please some, but we dont expect it to please _C_.A. more B. other C. all D. any26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give way to _C_A. another B. other C. the other D. any other27. _A_ who laughs last laughs best.A. He B. One C. That D. Those28. Children should be taught how to get along with _C_A. another B. other C. others D. an other29. These plants are watered _B_.A. each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days30. Would you like some wine? Yes, just _C_.A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit31. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _D_ didnt helpA. he B. which C. she D. it32. Is your camera like Bills and Anns ? No, but its almost the same as _B_.A. her B. yours C. them D. their33. Have you finished your report yet? No, Ill finish in _A_ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. more D. less34. I hope th ere are enough glasses for each guest to have _D_.A. it B. those C. them D. one35. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _A_.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing36. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _C_ stories by writers from _ countries.A. someany B. othersome C. someother D. otherother37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _B_ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever38. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ B_ day is possible.A. either B. neither C. some D. any39. If you want to change for a double room you ll have to pay _A_$15.A. another B. other C. more D. each40. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _D_ it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which41. My brothers handwriting is better than _B_in his class.A. anyone else B. anyone elses C. anyo