卓越补习八年级下册英语广州牛津版课文笔记Unit 4 Educational exchanges(Ⅱ).doc

Unit 4 Educational exchanges（）一周强化一、一周知识概述1重难点单词及短语：fellow, shock, unfamiliar, homesick, discover, vacation, accent, used, flat, tiny, uneasy, select, be ready to do, take to sb., get used to sth., be different to2句型（1）I dont know where to begin. 我不知道从哪儿谈起。（2）Dont joke with me. 不要跟我开玩笑。（3）But after a while, I got used to it. 但过了一阵我适应了。3语法：句子重读二、单元重难点知识讲解 1Australians are not easy to talk to.译文澳大利亚人不容易与之交谈。本句型为sb./sth.beadj.to doe.g.Jim is easy to get on well with.吉姆很容易相处。The boy was made to work all day long.这个男孩被迫整天长时间工作。2Ive been in an Australian school for just over three weeks now.译文现在我已在一所澳大利亚的学校里学习了三个多星期了。have been in后面通常加地点和时间，表示“某人在某地待了多长时间”，能表动作延续。e.g.I have been in this school for ten years.我在这个学校10年了。请大家注意have been to, have gone to与have been in这三个表达的区别。have been to表示去过某地，现已返回原地；have gone to表示去了某地或已到达目的地，或在途中，总之现在未回来；have been in地点for一段时间，表示在某地待了一段时间。e.g.Have you been to Canada?你去过加拿大吗？I have been to Canada twice.我曾去过加拿大两次。Where is Mary?玛丽在哪儿？She has gone to the Great Wall.她去长城了。I have been in my hometown for ten years.我在家乡待了十年。3They dont think that it is polite to disturb the teacher or to shout out answers to questions.译文他们认为打扰老师或大声喊出问题的答案没有礼貌。本句为that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中it为形式主语，to disturbor to shout out为真正的主语，即句型Itbeadj.to do sth.。在I think （suppose, believe, imagine）我想（猜想，相信，设想）后面的从句里，如果有否定含义，往往需把否定词由从句移到主句，这叫作否定的转移。e.g.I dont think its right to do so.我想这样做是不对的。I dont suppose I know you.我想我并不认识你。这种结构的句子在变为反意疑问句时，疑问句部分要与从句一致。e.g.I dont think he can come, can he?我认为他不会来，对吗？shout out是个词组，意为“大声说出”。e.g.shout out orders 大声发布命令另外与shout还有几个词组：shout at sb. 对某人叫嚷4I was worried that I might say something silly.译文我担心我可能说一些愚蠢的事情。be worried that从句，表示“担心”。e.g.Im worried that Ill fail again.我担心会再失败。be worried about为担心；为不安/烦恼/忧虑e.g.Dont be worried about your study.别担心你的学习。be worried about也可用动词形式worry about来表示。e.g.He always worried about his son abroad.他总是担心他在国外的儿子。something silly在英语中，形容词修饰不定代词要放在被修饰的不定代词的后面。e.g.I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。There is nothing wrong with my computer.我的电脑没有毛病。5Its very easy for people to start a conversation with each other, even if they are just waiting for a bus.译文即使他们在等车，对于人们来说互相交谈也是很容易的。此句为“Itsadj.（for sb.）to do”结构，表示“做某事（对某人来说）怎么样”。it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。注意与“Itsadj.of sb.不定式”这一结构的区别。用for sb.，还中of sb.，关键看adj.。当形容词表示客观情况，描述不定式to do这个动作时常用for sb。e.g.Its not easy for Jim to learn Chinese.学汉语对吉姆来说不容易。It is important for us to look into the world.放眼世界对我们来说很重要。当形容词表示人的性格，品质时使用of sb.e.g.It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助了我，你真是太好了。Its impolite of you to visit someone without telling him in advance.不提前告诉别人就去拜访是不礼貌的。6So, Im trying to be more like them.译文因此，我正尽力去表现得更像他们。try to do sth.设法/尽力做某事e.g.I try to eat a lot of vegetables.我尽量多吃一些蔬菜。try doing sth. 试着做某事，尝试做某事e.g.He tried climbing the tall tree.他试着爬上了那棵高大的树。下面列举与try相关的词组：try on 试穿try ones best to do sth.尽力干某事have a try 试一试even if引导让步状语从句，可意为“即使，尽管”，相当于even though。e.g.Well make a trip even if /though the weather is bad.即使天气很糟糕，我们也要去旅行。7She asked me for advice on what Chinese food to buy.译文她向我寻问有关购买什么中国食品的建议。ask sb. for sth.向某人请求/寻求某物e.g.Im good at English, so he often asks me for help.我擅长英语，所以他经常向我寻求帮助。ask sb. about sth. 问某人有关某事e.g.My mother often asks me about my study.妈妈经常问我有关我的学习的事。ask sb. to do sth. 请求干e.g.I often ask him to help me with my maths.我经常请求他帮助我学习英语。8I dont know where to begin.译文我不知道从哪儿说起。特殊疑问词to do在句中可作宾语。e.g.I dont know what to do.我不知道干什么。I want to know how to do it.我想知道怎么做。Could you tell me when to leave?你能告诉我什么时候离开吗？特殊疑问词to do结构中do的逻辑主语在主句中存在，所以它又可以转化为宾语从句。e.g.I dont know what I should do.我不知道我应该做什么。I want to know how I should do it.我想知道我应该怎么做。9I didnt have time to see all the places of interest.译文我没有时间去看所有的名胜。to see all the是动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰宾语time。e.g.Have you got anything to do this evening?今晚你有事吗？I wanted to go to the cinema with Tony, but I had a composition to write.我想与Tony一起去看电影，但我有作文要写。places of interest是固定词组，意为“名胜古迹”。e.g.There are many places of interest in Beijing.北京有许多名胜古迹。10and I took to them quickly.译文我很快喜欢上他们。take to sb.开始喜欢，对产生好感e.g.His humorous words made a deep impression on me and I took to him quickly.他幽默的话给我留下了深刻的印象，很快我就对他产生了好感。下面列举一些与take搭配常用词组：take off起飞（飞机）；取消；脱衣服takeaway拿走take sb.s arm 挽住某人的胳膊take sb. in ones arms拥抱某人take （the） first place居首位，得第一take a holiday休假take a day off请一天假take pictures of拍照take ones temperature 测量体温take a train坐火车11I soon discovered that the English spoken by Americans is a bit different from British English.译文我很快发现，美国英语与英国英语有点儿不同。discover是动词，意为“发现”或“偶然发现”，指发现了原来就存在但一直未被认识的事物。e.g.Scientists have discovered a new virus.科学家发现了一种新病毒。Fire officers are still trying to discover the cause of the fire.消防队员还在努力寻找火灾的原因。另外注意它与look for, find, find out的区别。look for作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程。e.g.She looked in her bag for her house key.她打开手提包找房子的钥匙。Youre looking for trouble if you drive that fast.你车开得那么快，会出事的。find指寻找的结果，即“找到”e.g.Ive found the book I was hunting for.我已找到了我一直在寻找的那本书。Ive looked everywhere, but I cant find my sunglasses.我到处都找了，就是找不到我的太阳镜。find out指经过观察、调查或研究而发现或者搞清楚某事。e.g.I found out the phone number by looking it up.通过查找，我查到了电话号码。Please find out when the ship sails for NewYork.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。12But after a while, I got used to it.译文但过了一阵我适应了。get/be used to doing sth意为“习惯于，适应于”，可用于任何时态，该短语中的to为介词，其后跟名词或动名词。e.g.Im used to getting up early.我习惯于早起。He has got used to Chinese food.他已习惯了中餐。used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，它只用于过去时，用来表示以往的事实或状况。e.g.I used to go on Saturday, but now I no longer do so.过去星期六我经常去，但现在我不再去了。used to的否定式可为used not to，也可为didnt use to，疑问句式也有两种：Diduse to? Usedto?e.g.Didnt she use to live in Shanghai?/Usednt she to live in Shanghai?她过去不是一直住在上海吗？ be used to do sth即“被用来”，在这时to为动词不定式。e.g.Water is used to drink.水用来喝。13I could not see the sea or mountain, or any skyscrapers.译文我看不到海，高山或摩天大楼。下面辨析and与or的用法。在否定句中and连接分别否定